Lower limb lengthening in patients with disproportionate short stature with achondroplasia: a systematic review of the last 20 years

References

• Correll J. Surgical correction of short stature in skeletal dysplasias. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1991;377:143–148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horton WA. Recent milestones in achondroplasia research. Am J Med Genet A 2006;140:166–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseau F, Bonaventure J, Legeai-Mallet L, Pelet A, Rozet JM, Maroteaux P, Le Merrer M, Munnich A. Mutations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 in achondroplasia. Nature 1994;371:252–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiang R, Thompson LM, Zhu YZ, Church DM, Fielder TJ, Bocian M, Winokur ST, Wasmuth JJ. Mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3 cause the most common genetic form of dwarfism, achondroplasia. Cell 1994;78:335–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller DK, Correa A, Vo TM, Wang Y, Hobbs C, Langlois PH, Pearson K, et al. The population-based prevalence of achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia in selected regions of the US. Am J Med Genet A 2008;146A:2385–2389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlberg P, Taranger J, Engström I, Karlberg J, Landström T, Lichtenstein H, Lindstrom B, Svennberg-Redegren I. I. physical growth from birth to 16 years and longitudinal outcome of the study during the same age period. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1976;258:7–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prader A, Largo RH, Molinari L, Issler C. Physical growth of Swiss children from birth to 20 years of age. First Zurich longitudinal study of growth and development. Helv Paediatr Acta Suppl. 1989;52:1–125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• [No authors listed.] Leg lengthening in achondroplasia. Lancet. 1988;1(8593):1032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavini F, Renzi-Brivio L, de Bastiani G. Psychologic, vascular, and physiologic aspects of lower limb lengthening in achondroplastics. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;250:138–142
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ilizarov GA. Clinical application of the tension-stress effect for limb lengthening. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;250:8–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paley D. Current techniques of limb lengthening. J Pediatr Orthop 1988;8:73–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paley D. Problems, obstacles, and complications of limb lengthening by the Ilizarov technique. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;250:81–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paley D, Matz AL, Kurland DB, Lamm BM, Herzenberg JE. Multiplier method for prediction of adult height in patients with achondroplasia. J Pediatr Orthop 2005;25:539–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price CT, Mann JW. Experience with the Orthofix device for limb lengthening. Orthop Clin North Am 1991;22:651–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peretti G, Memeo A, Paronzini A, Marzorati S. Staged lengthening in the prevention of dwarfism in achondroplastic children: A preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop B 1995;4:58–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldegheri R, Renzi-Brivio L, Agostini S. The callotasis method of limb lengthening. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989;241:137–145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aldegheri R, Dall’Oca C. Limb lengthening in short stature patients. J Pediatr Orthop B 2001;10:238–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldegheri R, Renzi-Brivio L, Agostini S. The callotasis method of limb lengthening. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989;241:137–145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aldegheri R. Distraction osteogenesis for lengthening of the tibia in patients who have limb-length discrepancy or short stature. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:624–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridgman SA, Bennet GC, Evans GA, Stirling J. Leg lengthening. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1993;38:101–104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ganel A, Horoszowski H. Limb lengthening in children with achondroplasia. Differences based on gender. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996;332:179–183.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noonan KJ, Leyes M, Forriol F, Cañadell J. Distraction osteogenesis of the lower extremity with use of monolateral external fixation. A study of two hundred and sixty-one femora and tibiae. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:793–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh M, Burton M. Leg lengthening: Patient selection and management in achondroplasia. Orthop Clin North Am 1991;22:589–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidya SV, Song HR, Lee SH, Suh SW, Keny SM, Telang SS. Bifocal tibial corrective osteotomy with lengthening in achondroplasia: An analysis of results and complications. J Pediatr Orthop 2006;26:788–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh KP, Modi HN, Devmurari K, Yoon JY, Anupama BR, Song HR. Femoral lengthening in achondroplasia: Magnitude of lengthening in relation to patterns of callus, stiffness of adjacent joints and fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009;91:1612–1617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilarrubias JM, Ginebreda I, Jimeno E. Lengthening of the lower limbs and correction of lumbar hyperlordosis in achondroplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;250:143–149.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yasui N, Kawabata H, Kojimoto H, Ohno H, Matsuda S, Araki N, Shimomura Y, Ochi T. Lengthening of the lower limbs in patients with achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;344:298–306.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paley D, Tetsworth K. Mechanical axis deviation of the lower limbs. Preoperative planning of uniapical angular deformities of the tibia or femur. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992;280:48–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar