Hierarchy of higher-level physical functions: a longitudinal investigation on a nationally representative population of community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly persons

References

• Nagi SZ. An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States. Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc 1976;54:439–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM. Physical disability in older Americans. J Gerontol 1993;48 Spec No:3–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barberger-Gateau P, Nejjari C, Tessier JF, Dartigues JF. Assessment of disability and handicap associated with dyspnoea in elderly subjects. Disabil Rehabil 1995;17:83–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barberger-Gateau P, Rainville C, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF. A hierarchical model of domains of disablement in the elderly: a longitudinal approach. Disabil Rehabil 2000;22:308–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeymans N, Feskens EJ, van den Bos GA, Kromhout D. Age, time, and cohort effects on functional status and self-rated health in elderly men. Am J Public Health 1997;87:1620–1625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeymans N, Wouters ER, Feskens EJ, van den Bos GA, Kromhout D. Reproducibility of performance-based and self-reported measures of functional status. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997;52:M363–M368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh TT, Wang CY, Lin CF, Chen HY. The hierarchical relationship between mobility limitation and ADL disability in older Taiwanese persons. FJPT 2010;35:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Fried LP, Guralnik JM. Disability in older adults: evidence regarding significance, etiology, and risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:92–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Salive ME, Wallace RB. Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med 1995;332:556–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, Scherr PA, Wallace RB. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 1994;49:M85–M94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iezzoni LI. When walking fails: Mobility problems of adults with chronic conditions. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Bruce ML. Depression and disability in late life: directions for future research. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;9:102–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolinsky FD, Stump TE, Callahan CM, Johnson RJ. Consistency and change in functional status among older adults over time. J Aging Health 1996;8:155–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorpe RJ Jr, Weiss C, Xue QL, Fried L. Transitions among disability levels or death in African American and white older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64:670–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark DO, Stump TE, Wolinsky FD. Predictors of onset of and recovery from mobility difficulty among adults aged 51-61 years. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:63–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Studenski S, Fried LP, Cutler GB Jr, Walston JD; Interventions on Frailty Working Group. Designing randomized, controlled trials aimed at preventing or delaying functional decline and disability in frail, older persons: a consensus report. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:625–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss CO, Fried LP, Bandeen-Roche K. Exploring the hierarchy of mobility performance in high-functioning older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007;62:167–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. the index of adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914–919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hing E, Bloom B. Long-term care for the functionally dependent elderly. Vital Health Stat 1990 13:1–50.
   Google Scholar
• Manton KG, Corder LS, Stallard E. Estimates of change in chronic disability and institutional incidence and prevalence rates in the U.S. elderly population from the 1982, 1984, and 1989 National Long Term Care Survey. J Gerontol 1993;48:S153–S166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen HY, Wang CY, Lee MY, Tang PF, Chu YH, Suen MW. A hierarchical categorisation of tasks in mobility disability. Disabil Rehabil 2010;32:1586–1593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlop DD, Hughes SL, Manheim LM. Disability in activities of daily living: patterns of change and a hierarchy of disability. Am J Public Health 1997;87:378–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagger C, Arthur AJ, Spiers NA, Clarke M. Patterns of onset of disability in activities of daily living with age. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:404–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu HC. Gender disparity of successful aging in Taiwan. Women Health 2005;42:1–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Cecchi F, Marchionni N, Salani B, Kasper J, Celli R, et al. Constant hierarchic patterns of physical functioning across seven populations in five countries. Gerontologist 1998;38:286–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar