Regulation of small GTPases at epithelial cell-cell junctions

References

• Aase K, Ernkvist M, Ebarasi L, Jakobsson L, Majumdar A, Yi C, Birot O, Ming Y, Kvanta A, Edholm D, Aspenstrom P, Kissil J, Claesson-Welsh L, Shimono A, Holmgren L. 2007. Angiomotin regulates endothelial cell migration during embryonic angiogenesis. Genes Dev 21:2055–2068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aijaz S, D'atri F, Citi S, Balda MS, Matter K. 2005. Binding of GEF-H1 to the tight junction-associated adaptor cingulin results in inhibition of Rho signaling and G1/S phase transition. Dev Cell 8:777–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amano M, Nakayama M, Kaibuchi K. 2010. Rho-kinase/ROCK: A key regulator of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 67:545–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anastasiadis PZ, Moon SY, Thoreson MA, Mariner DJ, Crawford HC, Zheng Y, Reynolds AB. 2000. Inhibition of RhoA by p120 catenin. Nat Cell Biol 2:637–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anastasiadis PZ, Reynolds AB. 2001. Regulation of Rho GTPases by p120-catenin. Curr Opin Cell Biol 13:604–610.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arimura N, Menager C, Kawano Y, Yoshimura T, Kawabata S, Hattori A, Fukata Y, Amano M, Goshima Y, Inagaki M, Morone N, Usukura J, Kaibuchi K. 2005. Phosphorylation by Rho kinase regulates CRMP-2 activity in growth cones. Mol Cell Biol 25:9973–9984.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asha H, De Ruiter ND, Wang MG, Hariharan IK. 1999. The Rap1 GTPase functions as a regulator of morphogenesis in vivo. EMBO J 18:605–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass-Zubek AE, Godsel LM, Delmar M, Green KJ. 2009. Plakophilins: Multifunctional scaffolds for adhesion and signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 21:708–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benais-Pont G, Punn A, Flores-Maldonado C, Eckert J, Raposo G, Fleming TP, Cereijido M, Balda MS, Matter K. 2003. Identification of a tight junction-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Rho and regulates paracellular permeability. J Cell Biol 160:729–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benink HA, Bement WM. 2005. Concentric zones of active RhoA and Cdc42 around single cell wounds. J Cell Biol 168:429–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benitah SA, Valeron PF, Van Aelst L, Marshall CJ, Lacal JC. 2004. Rho GTPases in human cancer: An unresolved link to upstream and downstream transcriptional regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1705:121–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernards A, Settleman J. 2005. GAPs in growth factor signalling. Growth Factors 23:143–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boettner B, Govek EE, Cross J, Van Aelst L. 2000. The junctional multidomain protein AF-6 is a binding partner of the Rap1A GTPase and associates with the actin cytoskeletal regulator profilin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:9064–9069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boettner B, Van Aelst L. 2009. Control of cell adhesion dynamics by Rap1 signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 21:684–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourguignon LY, Zhu H, Shao L, Chen YW. 2000. CD44 interaction with tiam1 promotes Rac1 signaling and hyaluronic acid-mediated breast tumor cell migration. J Biol Chem 275:1829–1838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady DC, Alan JK, Madigan JP, Fanning AS, Cox AD. 2009. The transforming Rho family GTPase Wrch-1 disrupts epithelial cell tight junctions and epithelial morphogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 29:1035–1049.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braga VM, Machesky LM, Hall A, Hotchin NA. 1997. The small GTPases Rho and Rac are required for the establishment of cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts. J Cell Biol 137:1421–1431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braga VM, Yap AS. 2005. The challenges of abundance: Epithelial junctions and small GTPase signalling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:466–474.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bratt A, Birot O, Sinha I, Veitonmaki N, Aase K, Ernkvist M, Holmgren L. 2005. Angiomotin regulates endothelial cell-cell junctions and cell motility. J Biol Chem 280:34859–34869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bratt A, Wilson WJ, Troyanovsky B, Aase K, Kessler R, Van Meir EG, Holmgren L. 2002. Angiomotin belongs to a novel protein family with conserved coiled-coil and PDZ binding domains. Gene 298:69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruewer M, Hopkins AM, Hobert ME, Nusrat A, Madara JL. 2004. RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 exert distinct effects on epithelial barrier via selective structural and biochemical modulation of junctional proteins and F-actin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287:C327–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant DM, Datta A, Rodriguez-Fraticelli AE, Peranen J, Martin-Belmonte F, Mostov KE. 2010. A molecular network for de novo generation of the apical surface and lumen. Nat Cell Biol 12:1035–1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busche S, Kremmer E, Posern G. 2010. E-cadherin regulates MAL-SRF-mediated transcription in epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 123:2803–2809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calautti E, Grossi M, Mammucari C, Aoyama Y, Pirro M, Ono Y, Li J, Dotto GP. 2002. Fyn tyrosine kinase is a downstream mediator of Rho/PRK2 function in keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 156:137–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Macara IG. 2005. Par-3 controls tight junction assembly through the Rac exchange factor Tiam1. Nat Cell Biol 7:262–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Necela BM, Su W, Yanagisawa M, Anastasiadis PZ, Fields AP, Thompson EA. 2006. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transformation by Rho GTPase-dependent activation of ERK1/2. J. Biol Chem 281:24575–24587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho YJ, Cunnick JM, Yi SJ, Kaartinen V, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. 2007. Abr and Bcr, two homologous Rac GTPase-activating proteins, control multiple cellular functions of murine macrophages. Mol Cell Biol 27:899–911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citi S, Paschoud S, Pulimeno P, Timolati F, De Robertis F, Jond L, Guillemot L. 2009. The tight junction protein cingulin regulates gene expression and RhoA signalling. Ann NY Acad Sci 1165:88–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citi S, Sabanay H, Jakes R, Geiger B, Kendrick-Jones J. 1988. Cingulin, a new peripheral component of tight junctions. Nature 333:272–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citi S, Sabanay H, Kendrick-Jones J, Geiger B. 1989. Cingulin: Characterization and localization. J Cell Sci 93:107–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman ML, Marshall CJ, Olson MF. 2004. RAS and RHO GTPases in G1-phase cell-cycle regulation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5:355–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordenonsi M, D'atri F, Hammar E, Parry DA, Kendrick-Jones J, Shore D, Citi S. 1999. Cingulin contains globular and coiled-coil domains and interacts with ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and myosin. J Cell Biol 147:1569–1582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottonham CL, Kaneko S, Xu L. 2010. miR-21 and miR-31 converge on TIAM1 to regulate migration and invasion of colon carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 285:35293–35302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzolino M, Stagni V, Spinardi L, Campioni N, Fiorentini C, Salvati E, Alema S, Salvatore AM. 2003. p120 Catenin is required for growth factor-dependent cell motility and scattering in epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 14:1964–1977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daub H, Gevaert K, Vandekerckhove J, Sobel A, Hall A. 2001. Rac/Cdc42 and p65PAK regulate the microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin through phosphorylation at serine 16. J Biol Chem 276:1677–1680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis MA, Reynolds AB. 2006. Blocked acinar development, E-cadherin reduction, and intraepithelial neoplasia upon ablation of p120-catenin in the mouse salivary gland. Dev Cell 10:21–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dermardirossian C, Bokoch GM. 2005. GDIs: Central regulatory molecules in Rho GTPase activation. Trends Cell Biol 15:356–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond JM. 1977. The epithelial junction: Bridge, gate and fence. Physiologist 20:10–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dobrosotskaya IY, James GLL. 2000. MAGI-1 interacts with beta-catenin and is associated with cell-cell adhesion structures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270:903–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohn MR, Brown MV, Reynolds AB. 2009. An essential role for p120-catenin in Src- and Rac1-mediated anchorage-independent cell growth. J Cell Biol 184:437–450.
   Google Scholar
• Drees F, Pokutta S, Yamada S, Nelson WJ, Weis WI. 2005. Alpha-catenin is a molecular switch that binds E-cadherin-beta-catenin and regulates actin-filament assembly. Cell 123:903–915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dube N, Kooistra MR, Pannekoek WJ, Vliem MJ, Oorschot V, Klumperman J, Rehmann H, Bos JL. 2008. The RapGEF PDZ-GEF2 is required for maturation of cell-cell junctions. Cell Signal 20:1608–1615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupont S, Morsut L, Aragona M, Enzo E, Giulitti S, Cordenonsi M, Zanconato F, Le Digabel J, Forcato M, Bicciato S, Elvassore N, Piccolo S. 2011. Role of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction. Nature 474:179–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebnet K, Schulz CU, Meyer Zu Brickwedde MK, Pendl GG, Vestweber D. 2000. Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM) interacts with the PDZ domain containing proteins AF-6 and ZO-1. J Biol Chem 275:27979–27988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebnet K, Suzuki A, Horikoshi Y, Hirose T, Meyer Zu Brickwedde MK, Ohno S, Vestweber D. 2001. The cell polarity protein ASIP/PAR-3 directly associates with junctional adhesion molecule (JAM). Embo J 20:3738–3748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards DC, Sanders LC, Bokoch GM, Gill GN. 1999. Activation of LIM-kinase by Pak1 couples Rac/Cdc42 GTPase signalling to actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Nat Cell Biol 1:253–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrlich JS, Hansen MD, Nelson WJ. 2002. Spatio-temporal regulation of Rac1 localization and lamellipodia dynamics during epithelial cell-cell adhesion. Dev Cell 3:259–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erasmus J, Aresta S, Nola S, Caron E, Braga VM. 2010. Newly formed E-cadherin contacts do not activate Cdc42 or induce filopodia protrusion in human keratinocytes. Biol Cell 102:13–24.
   Google Scholar
• Ernkvist M, Luna Persson N, Audebert S, Lecine P, Sinha I, Liu M, Schlueter M, Horowitz A, Aase K, Weide T, Borg JP, Majumdar A, Holmgren L. 2009. The Amot/Patj/Syx signaling complex spatially controls RhoA GTPase activity in migrating endothelial cells. Blood 113:244–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espejo R, Rengifo-Cam W, Schaller MD, Evers BM, Sastry SK. 2010. PTP-PEST controls motility, adherens junction assembly, and Rho GTPase activity in colon cancer cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299:C454–463.
   Google Scholar
• Fanning AS, Anderson JM. 2009. Zonula occludens-1 and -2 are cytosolic scaffolds that regulate the assembly of cellular junctions. Ann NY Acad Sci 1165:113–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanning AS, Jameson BJ, Jesaitis LA, Anderson JM. 1998. The tight junction protein ZO-1 establishes a link between the transmembrane protein occludin and the actin cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 273:29745–29753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farquhar MG, Palade GE. 1963. Junctional complexes in various epithelia. J Cell Biol 17:375–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukata M, Kaibuchi K. 2001. Rho-family GTPases in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2:887–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukata M, Kuroda S, Nakagawa M, Kawajiri A, Itoh N, Shoji I, Matsuura Y, Yonehara S, Fujisawa H, Kikuchi A, Kaibuchi K. 1999. Cdc42 and Rac1 regulate the interaction of IQGAP1 with beta-catenin. J Biol Chem 274:26044–26050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukata M, Watanabe T, Noritake J, Nakagawa M, Yamaga M, Kuroda S, Matsuura Y, Iwamatsu A, Perez F, Kaibuchi K. 2002. Rac1 and Cdc42 capture microtubules through IQGAP1 and CLIP-170. Cell 109:873–885.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fukuhara A, Shimizu K, Kawakatsu T, Fukuhara T, Takai Y. 2003. Involvement of nectin-activated Cdc42 small G protein in organization of adherens and tight junctions in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J Biol Chem 278:51885–51893.
   Google Scholar
• Fukuhara T, Shimizu K, Kawakatsu T, Fukuyama T, Minami Y, Honda T, Hoshino T, Yamada T, Ogita H, Okada M, Takai Y. 2004. Activation of Cdc42 by trans interactions of the cell adhesion molecules nectins through c-Src and Cdc42-GEF FRG. J Cell Biol 166:393–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukumoto Y, Kaibuchi K, Hori Y, Fujioka H, Araki S, Ueda T, Kikuchi A, Takai Y. 1990. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel type of regulatory protein (GDI) for the rho proteins, ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins. Oncogene 5:1321–1328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuyama T, Ogita H, Kawakatsu T, Fukuhara T, Yamada T, Sato T, Shimizu K, Nakamura T, Matsuda M, Takai Y. 2005. Involvement of the c-Src-Crk-C3G-Rap1 signaling in the nectin-induced activation of Cdc42 and formation of adherens junctions. J Biol Chem 280:815–825.
   Google Scholar
• Fukuyama T, Ogita H, Kawakatsu T, Inagaki M, Takai Y. 2006. Activation of Rac by cadherin through the c-Src-Rap1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Vav2 pathway. Oncogene 25:8–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Furuse M. 2009. Knockout animals and natural mutations as experimental and diagnostic tool for studying tight junction functions in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 1788:813–819.
   Google Scholar
• Garrod D, Chidgey M. 2008. Desmosome structure, composition and function. Biochim Biophys Acta 1778:572–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaven JA, Whitehead I, Bagrodia S, Kay R, Cerione RA. 1999. The Dbl-related protein, Lfc, localizes to microtubules and mediates the activation of Rac signaling pathways in cells. J Biol Chem 274:2279–2285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godsel LM, Dubash AD, Bass-Zubek AE, Amargo EV, Klessner JL, Hobbs RP, Chen X, Green KJ. 2010. Plakophilin 2 couples actomyosin remodeling to desmosomal plaque assembly via RhoA. Mol Biol Cell 21:2844–2859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Mariscal L, Betanzos A, Nava P, Jaramillo BE. 2003. Tight junction proteins. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 81:1–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin M, Kovacs EM, Thoreson MA, Reynolds AB, Yap AS. 2003. Minimal mutation of the cytoplasmic tail inhibits the ability of E-cadherin to activate Rac but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: Direct evidence of a role for cadherin-activated Rac signaling in adhesion and contact formation. J Biol Chem 278:20533–20539.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gopalakrishnan S, Dunn KW, Marrs JA. 2002. Rac1, but not RhoA, signaling protects epithelial adherens junction assembly during ATP depletion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 283:C261–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopalakrishnan S, Raman N, Atkinson SJ, Marrs JA. 1998. Rho GTPase signaling regulates tight junction assembly and protects tight junctions during ATP depletion. Am J Physiol 275:C798–809.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green KJ, Getsios S, Troyanovsky S, Godsel LM. 2010. Intercellular junction assembly, dynamics, and homeostasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2:a000125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosheva I, Shtutman M, Elbaum M, Bershadsky AD. 2001. p120 catenin affects cell motility via modulation of activity of Rho-family GTPases: A link between cell-cell contact formation and regulation of cell locomotion. J Cell Sci 114:695–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemot L, Citi S. 2006a. Cingulin regulates claudin-2 expression and cell proliferation through the small GTPase RhoA. Mol Biol Cell 17:3569–3577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemot L, Citi S. 2006b. Cingulin, a cytoskeleton-associated protein of the tight junction. In: Gonzalez-Mariscal L, editor. Tight junctions. New York: Landes Bioscience-Springer Science.
   Google Scholar
• Guillemot L, Hammar E, Kaister C, Ritz J, Caille D, Jond L, Bauer C, Meda P, Citi S. 2004. Disruption of the cingulin gene does not prevent tight junction formation but alters gene expression. J Cell Sci 117:5245–5256.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guillemot L, Paschoud S, Jond L, Foglia A, Citi S. 2008a. Paracingulin regulates the activity of Rac1 and RhoA GTPases by recruiting Tiam1 and GEF-H1 to epithelial junctions. Mol Biol Cell 19:4442–4453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemot L, Paschoud S, Pulimeno P, Foglia A, Citi S. 2008b. The cytoplasmic plaque of tight junctions: A scaffolding and signalling center. Biochim Biophys Acta 1778:601–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumbiner BM. 2005. Regulation of cadherin-mediated adhesion in morphogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:622–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haegel H, Larue L, Ohsugi M, Fedorov L, Herrenknecht K, Kemler R. 1995. Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulation. Development 121:3529–3537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heuberger J, Birchmeier W. 2010. Interplay of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and canonical Wnt signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2:a002915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirabayashi S, Hata Y. 2006. JAM family proteins: Tight junction proteins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In: Gonzalez-Mariscal L, editor. Tight junctions. Georgetown, TX: Landes Biosciences.
   Google Scholar
• Hirase T, Kawashima S, Wong EY, Ueyama T, Rikitake Y, Tsukita S, Yokoyama M, Staddon JM. 2001. Regulation of tight junction permeability and occludin phosphorylation by Rhoa-p160ROCK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Biol Chem 276:10423–10431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogan C, Serpente N, Cogram P, Hosking CR, Bialucha CU, Feller SM, Braga VM, Birchmeier W, Fujita Y. 2004. Rap1 regulates the formation of E-cadherin-based cell-cell contacts. Mol Cell Biol 24:6690–6700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hordijk PL, Ten Klooster JP, Van Der Kammen RA, Michiels F, Oomen LC, Collard JG. 1997. Inhibition of invasion of epithelial cells by Tiam1-Rac signaling. Science 278:1464–1466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ide N, Hata Y, Nishioka H, Hirao K, Yao I, Deguchi M, Mizoguchi A, Nishimori H, Tokino T, Nakamura Y, Takai Y. 1999. Localization of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGI)-1/BAI-associated protein (BAP) 1 at tight junctions of epithelial cells. Oncogene 18:7810–7815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda W, Nakanishi H, Miyoshi J, Mandai K, Ishizaki H, Tanaka M, Togawa A, Takahashi K, Nishioka H, Yoshida H, Mizoguchi A, Nishikawa S, Takai Y. 1999. Afadin: A key molecule essential for structural organization of cell-cell junctions of polarized epithelia during embryogenesis. J Cell Biol 146:1117–1132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ikenouchi J, Umeda K, Tsukita S, Furuse M, Tsukita S. 2007. Requirement of ZO-1 for the formation of belt-like adherens junctions during epithelial cell polarization. J Cell Biol 176:779–786.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishizaki T, Morishima Y, Okamoto M, Furuyashiki T, Kato T, Narumiya S. 2001. Coordination of microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton by the Rho effector mDia1. Nat Cell Biol 3:8–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Itoh M, Sasaki H, Furuse M, Ozaki H, Kita T, Tsukita S. 2001. Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) binds to PAR-3: A possible mechanism for the recruitment of PAR-3 to tight junctions. J Cell Biol 154:491–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izumi Y, Hirose T, Tamai Y, Hirai S, Nagashima Y, Fujimoto T, Tabuse Y, Kemphues KJ, Ohno S. 1998. An atypical PKC directly associates and colocalizes at the epithelial tight junction with ASIP, a mammalian homologue of Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-3. J Cell Biol 143:95–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffe AB, Hall A. 2005. Rho GTPases: Biochemistry and biology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 21:247–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joberty G, Petersen C, Gao L, Macara IG. 2000. The cell-polarity protein Par6 links Par3 and atypical protein kinase C to Cdc42. Nat Cell Biol 2:531–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson A, Driessens M, Aspenstrom P. 2000. The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1. J Cell Sci 113:3267–3275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jou TS, Nelson WJ. 1998. Effects of regulated expression of mutant RhoA and Rac1 small GTPases on the development of epithelial (MDCK) cell polarity. J Cell Biol 142:85–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jou TS, Schneeberger EE, Nelson WJ. 1998. Structural and functional regulation of tight junctions by RhoA and Rac1 small GTPases. J Cell Biol 142:101–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsuno T, Umeda K, Matsui T, Hata M, Tamura A, Itoh M, Takeuchi K, Fujimori T, Nabeshima YI, Noda T, Tsukita S, Tsukita S. 2008. Deficiency of zonula occludens-1 causes embryonic lethal phenotype associated with defected yolk sac angiogenesis and apoptosis of embryonic cells. Mol Biol Cell 19:2465–2475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzav S, Cleveland JL, Heslop HE, Pulido D. 1991. Loss of the amino-terminal helix-loop-helix domain of the vav proto-oncogene activates its transforming potential. Mol Cell Biol 11:1912–1920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakatsu T, Shimizu K, Honda T, Fukuhara T, Hoshino T, Takai Y. 2002. Trans-interactions of nectins induce formation of filopodia and Lamellipodia through the respective activation of Cdc42 and Rac small G proteins. J Biol Chem 277:50749–50755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemphues KJ, Priess JR, Morton DG, Cheng NS. 1988. Identification of genes required for cytoplasmic localization in early C. elegans embryos. Cell 52:311–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SH, Li Z, Sacks DB. 2000. E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell attachment activates Cdc42. J Biol Chem 275:36999–7005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox AL, Brown NH. 2002. Rap1 GTPase regulation of adherens junction positioning and cell adhesion. Science 295:1285–1288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodama A, Takaishi K, Nakano K, Nishioka H, Takai Y. 1999. Involvement of Cdc42 small G protein in cell-cell adhesion, migration and morphology of MDCK cells. Oncogene 18:3996–4006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooistra MR, Dube N, Bos JL. 2007. Rap1: A key regulator in cell-cell junction formation. J Cell Sci 120:17–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs EM, Ali RG, McCormack AJ, Yap AS. 2002. E-cadherin homophilic ligation directly signals through Rac and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to regulate adhesive contacts. J Biol Chem 277:6708–6718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krendel M, Zenke FT, Bokoch GM. 2002. Nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 mediates cross-talk between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. Nat Cell Biol 4:294–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroschewski R, Hall A, Mellman I. 1999. Cdc42 controls secretory and endocytic transport to the basolateral plasma membrane of MDCK cells. Nat Cell Biol 1:8–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuriyama M, Harada N, Kuroda S, Yamamoto T, Nakafuku M, Iwamatsu A, Yamamoto D, Prasad R, Croce C, Canaani E, Kaibuchi K. 1996. Identification of AF-6 and canoe as putative targets for Ras. J Biol Chem 271:607–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuroda S, Fukata M, Nakagawa M, Fujii K, Nakamura T, Ookubo T, Izawa I, Nagase T, Nomura N, Tani H, Shoji I, Matsuura Y, Yonehara S, Kaibuchi K. 1998. Role of IQGAP1, a target of the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1, in regulation of E-cadherin- mediated cell-cell adhesion. Science 281:832–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert JM, Lambert QT, Reuther GW, Malliri A, Siderovski DP, Sondek J, Collard JG, Der CJ. 2002. Tiam1 mediates Ras activation of Rac by a PI(3)K-independent mechanism. Nat Cell Biol 4:621–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larue L, Ohsugi M, Hirchenhain J, Kemler R. 1994. E-cadherin null mutant embryos fail to form a trophectoderm epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:8263–8267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laukoetter MG, Nava P, Lee WY, Severson EA, Capaldo CT, Babbin BA, Williams IR, Koval M, Peatman E, Campbell JA, Dermody TS, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. 2007. JAM-A regulates permeability and inflammation in the intestine in vivo. J Exp Med 204:3067–3076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin D, Edwards AS, Fawcett JP, Mbamalu G, Scott JD, Pawson T. 2000. A mammalian PAR-3-PAR-6 complex implicated in Cdc42/Rac1 and aPKC signalling and cell polarity. Nat Cell Biol 2:540–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu BP, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Burridge K. 1998. Microtubule depolymerization induces stress fibers, focal adhesions, and DNA synthesis via the GTP-binding protein Rho. Cell Adhes Commun 5:249–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Nusrat A, Schnell FJ, Reaves TA, Walsh S, Pochet M, Parkos CA. 2000. Human junction adhesion molecule regulates tight junction resealing in epithelia. J Cell Sci 113:2363–2374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maekawa M, Ishizaki T, Boku S, Watanabe N, Fujita A, Iwamatsu A, Obinata T, Ohashi K, Mizuno K, Narumiya S. 1999. Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase. Science 285:895–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malliri A, Van Es S, Huveneers S, Collard JG. 2004. The Rac exchange factor Tiam1 is required for the establishment and maintenance of cadherin-based adhesions. J Biol Chem 279:30092–30098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandai K, Nakanishi H, Satoh A, Obaishi H, Wada M, Nishioka H, Itoh M, Mizoguchi A, Aoki T, Fujimoto T, Matsuda Y, Tsukita S, Takai Y. 1997. Afadin: A novel actin filament-binding protein with one PDZ domain localized at cadherin-based cell-to-cell adherens junction. J Cell Biol 139:517–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandell KJ, Babbin BA, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. 2005. Junctional adhesion molecule 1 regulates epithelial cell morphology through effects on beta1 integrins and Rap1 activity. J Biol Chem 280:11665–11674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marciano DK, Brakeman PR, Lee CZ, Spivak N, Eastburn DJ, Bryant DM, Beaudoin GM 3rd, Hofmann I, Mostov KE, Reichardt LF. 2011. p120 catenin is required for normal renal tubulogenesis and glomerulogenesis. Development 138:2099–2109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Padura I, Lostaglio S, Schneemann M, Williams L, Romano M, Fruscella P, Panzeri C, Stoppacciaro A, Ruco L, Villa A, Simmons D, Dejana E. 1998. Junctional adhesion molecule: A novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that distributes at intercellular junctions and modulates monocyte transmigration. J Cell Biol 142:117–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuda S, Oda Y, Sasaki H, Ikenouchi J, Higashi T, Akashi M, Nishi E, Furuse M. 2011. LSR defines cell corners for tricellular tight junction formation in epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 124:548–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda M, Kobayashi Y, Masuda S, Adachi M, Watanabe T, Yamashita JK, Nishi E, Tsukita S, Furuse M. 2008. Identification of adherens junction-associated GTPase activating proteins by the fluorescence localization-based expression cloning. Exp Cell Res 314:939–949.
   Google Scholar
• McCrea PD, Gu D, Balda MS. 2009. Junctional music that the nucleus hears: Cell-cell contact signaling and the modulation of gene activity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 1:a002923.
   Google Scholar
• Mege RM, Gavard J, Lambert M. 2006. Regulation of cell-cell junctions by the cytoskeleton. Curr Opin Cell Biol 18:541–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meller N, Merlot S, Guda C. 2005. CZH proteins: A new family of Rho-GEFs. J Cell Sci 118:4937–4946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng W, Takeichi M.2009. Adherens junction: Molecular architecture and regulation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol (DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a002899).
   Google Scholar
• Mertens AE, Rygiel TP, Olivo C, Van Der Kammen R, Collard JG. 2005. The Rac activator Tiam1 controls tight junction biogenesis in keratinocytes through binding to and activation of the Par polarity complex. J Cell Biol 170:1029–1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michiels F, Stam JC, Hordijk PL, Van Der Kammen RA, Ruuls-Van Stalle L, Feltkamp CA, Collard JG. 1997. Regulated membrane localization of Tiam1, mediated by the NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, is required for Rac-dependent membrane ruffling and C-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. J Cell Biol 137:387–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mino A, Ohtsuka T, Inoue E, Takai Y. 2000. Membrane-associated guanylate kinase with inverted orientation (MAGI)-1/brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein (BAP1) as a scaffolding molecule for Rap small G protein GDP/GTP exchange protein at tight junctions. Genes Cells 5:1009–1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miralles F, Posern G, Zaromytidou AI, Treisman R. 2003. Actin dynamics control SRF activity by regulation of its coactivator MAL. Cell 113:329–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitic LL, Anderson JM. 1998. Molecular architecture of tight junctions. Annu Rev Physiol 60:121–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon SY, Zheng Y. 2003. Rho GTPase-activating proteins in cell regulation. Trends Cell Biol 13:13–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muroya K, Kawasaki Y, Hayashi T, Ohwada S, Akiyama T. 2007. PH domain-mediated membrane targeting of Asef. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 355:85–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa M, Fukata M, Yamaga M, Itoh N, Kaibuchi K. 2001. Recruitment and activation of Rac1 by the formation of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion sites. J Cell Sci 114:1829–1838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama M, Goto TM, Sugimoto M, Nishimura T, Shinagawa T, Ohno S, Amano M, Kaibuchi K. 2008. Rho-kinase phosphorylates PAR-3 and disrupts PAR complex formation. Dev Cell 14:205–215.
   Google Scholar
• Nimnual AS, Taylor LJ, Bar-Sagi D. 2003. Redox-dependent downregulation of Rho by Rac. Nat Cell Biol 5:236–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura T, Yamaguchi T, Kato K, Yoshizawa M, Nabeshima Y, Ohno S, Hoshino M, Kaibuchi K. 2005. PAR-6-PAR-3 mediates Cdc42-induced Rac activation through the Rac GEFs STEF/Tiam1. Nat Cell Biol 7:270–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noren NK, Liu BP, Burridge K, Kreft B. 2000. p120 catenin regulates the actin cytoskeleton via Rho family GTPases. J Cell Biol 150:567–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nusrat A, Giry M, Turner JR, Colgan SP, Parkos CA, Carmes D, Lemichez E, Boquet P, Madara JL. 1995. Rho protein regulates tight junctions and perijunctional actin organization in polarized epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10629–10633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohnishi H, Nakahara T, Furuse K, Sasaki H, Tsukita S, Furuse M. 2004. JACOP, a novel plaque protein localizing at the apical junctional complex with sequence similarity to cingulin. J Biol Chem 279:46014–46022.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohno S. 2001. Intercellular junctions and cellular polarity: The PAR-aPKC complex, a conserved core cassette playing fundamental roles in cell polarity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 13:641–648.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olofsson B. 1999. Rho guanine dissociation inhibitors: Pivotal molecules in cellular signalling. Cell Signal 11:545–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otani T, Ichii T, Aono S, Takeichi M. 2006. Cdc42 GEF Tuba regulates the junctional configuration of simple epithelial cells. J Cell Biol 175:135–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paschoud S, Yu D, Pulimeno P, Jond L, Turner JR, Citi S. 2010. Cingulin and paracingulin show similar dynamic behaviour, but are recruited independently to junctions. Mol Membr Biol 28:123–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasdar M, Li Z. 1993. Disorganization of microfilaments and intermediate filaments interferes with the assembly and stability of desmosomes in MDCK epithelial cells. Cell Motil Cytoskel 26:163–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel S, Takagi KI, Suzuki J, Imaizumi A, Kimura T, Mason RM, Kamimura T, Zhang Z. 2005. RhoGTPase activation is a key step in renal epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:1977–1984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pece S, Chiariello M, Murga C, Gutkind JS. 1999. Activation of the protein kinase Akt/PKB by the formation of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell junctions. Evidence for the association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with the E-cadherin adhesion complex. J Biol Chem 274:19347–19351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Moreno M, Davis MA, Wong E, Pasolli HA, Reynolds AB, Fuchs E. 2006. p120-catenin mediates inflammatory responses in the skin. Cell 124:631–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potempa S, Ridley AJ. 1998. Activation of both MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase by Ras is required for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced adherens junction disassembly. Mol Biol Cell 9:2185–2200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price LS, Hajdo-Milasinovic A, Zhao J, Zwartkruis FJ, Collard JG, Bos JL. 2004. Rap1 regulates E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 279:35127–35132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulimeno P, Paschoud S, Citi S. 2011. A role of ZO-1 and PLEKHA7 in recruiting paracingulin to epithelial junctions. J Biol Chem 286:16743-16750.
   Google Scholar
• Qin Y, Meisen WH, Hao Y, Macara IG. 2010. Tuba, a Cdc42 GEF, is required for polarized spindle orientation during epithelial cyst formation. J Cell Biol 189:661–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren Y, Li R, Zheng Y, Busch H. 1998. Cloning and characterization of GEF-H1, a microtubule-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac and Rho GTPases. J Biol Chem 273:34954–34960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds AB. 2007. p120-catenin: Past and present. Biochim Biophys Acta 1773:2–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reynolds AB, Daniel J, McCrea PD, Wheelock MJ, Wu J, Zhang Z. 1994. Identification of a new catenin: The tyrosine kinase substrate p120cas associates with E-cadherin complexes. Mol Cell Biol 14:8333–8342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridley AJ. 2001. Rho proteins: Linking signaling with membrane trafficking. Traffic 2:303–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridley AJ, Comoglio PM, Hall A. 1995. Regulation of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor responses by Ras, Rac, and Rho in MDCK cells. Mol Cell Biol 15:1110–1122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridley AJ, Self AJ, Kasmi F, Paterson HF, Hall A, Marshall CJ, Ellis C. 1993. rho family GTPase activating proteins p190, bcr and rhoGAP show distinct specificities in vitro and in vivo. EMBO J 12:5151–5160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas R, Ruiz WG, Leung SM, Jou TS, Apodaca G. 2001. Cdc42-dependent modulation of tight junctions and membrane protein traffic in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Mol Biol Cell 12:2257–2274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossman KL, Der CJ, Sondek J. 2005. GEF means go: Turning on RHO GTPases with guanine nucleotide-exchange factors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:167–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahai E, Marshall CJ. 2002a. RHO-GTPases and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2:133–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahai E, Marshall CJ. 2002b. ROCK and Dia have opposing effects on adherens junctions downstream of Rho. Nat Cell Biol 4:408–415.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakurai A, Fukuhara S, Yamagishi A, Sako K, Kamioka Y, Masuda M, Nakaoka Y, Mochizuki N. 2006. MAGI-1 is required for Rap1 activation upon cell-cell contact and for enhancement of vascular endothelial cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Mol Biol Cell 17:966–976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samarin S, Nusrat A. 2009. Regulation of epithelial apical junctional complex by Rho family GTPases. Front Biosci 14:1129–1142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samarin SN, Ivanov AI, Flatau G, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. 2007. Rho/Rho-associated kinase-II signaling mediates disassembly of epithelial apical junctions. Mol Biol Cell 18:3429–3439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander EE, Van Delft S, Ten Klooster JP, Reid T, Van Der Kammen RA, Michiels F, Collard JG. 1998. Matrix-dependent Tiam1/Rac signaling in epithelial cells promotes either cell-cell adhesion or cell migration and is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Cell Biol 143:1385–1398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato T, Fujita N, Yamada A, Ooshio T, Okamoto R, Irie K, Takai Y. 2006. Regulation of the assembly and adhesion activity of E-cadherin by nectin and afadin for the formation of adherens junctions in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J Biol Chem 281:5288–5299.
   Google Scholar
• Scherle P, Behrens T, Staudt LM. 1993. Ly-GDI, a GDP-dissociation inhibitor of the RhoA GTP-binding protein, is expressed preferentially in lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:7568–7572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlegelmilch K, Mohseni M, Kirak O, Pruszak J, Rodriguez JR, Zhou D, Kreger BT, Vasioukhin V, Avruch J, Brummelkamp TR, Camargo FD. 2011. Yap1 acts downstream of alpha-catenin to control epidermal proliferation. Cell 144:782–795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt A, Hall A. 2002. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases: Turning on the switch. Genes Dev 16:1587–1609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneeberger EE, Lynch RD. 2004. The tight junction: A multifunctional complex. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 286:C1213–1228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severson EA, Lee WY, Capaldo CT, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. 2009. Junctional adhesion molecule A interacts with Afadin and PDZ-GEF2 to activate Rap1A, regulate beta1 integrin levels, and enhance cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 20:1916–1925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen L, Weber CR, Turner JR. 2008a. The tight junction protein complex undergoes rapid and continuous molecular remodeling at steady state. J Cell Biol 181:683–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Y, Hirsch DS, Sasiela CA, Wu WJ. 2008b. Cdc42 regulates E-cadherin ubiquitination and degradation through an epidermal growth factor receptor to Src-mediated pathway. J Biol Chem 283:5127–5137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shewan AM, Maddugoda M, Kraemer A, Stehbens SJ, Verma S, Kovacs EM, Yap AS. 2005. Myosin 2 is a key Rho kinase target necessary for the local concentration of E-cadherin at cell-cell contacts. Mol Biol Cell 16:4531–4542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin K, Fogg VC, Margolis B. 2006. Tight junctions and cell polarity. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 22:207–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvis MR, Kreger BT, Lien WH, Klezovitch O, Rudakova GM, Camargo FD, Lantz DM, Seykora JT, Vasioukhin V. 2011. {alpha}-catenin is a tumor suppressor that controls cell accumulation by regulating the localization and activity of the transcriptional coactivator Yap1. Sci Signal 4:ra33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sousa S, Cabanes D, Archambaud C, Colland F, Lemichez E, Popoff M, Boisson-Dupuis S, Gouin E, Lecuit M, Legrain P, Cossart P. 2005. ARHGAP10 is necessary for alpha-catenin recruitment at adherens junctions and for Listeria invasion. Nat Cell Biol 7:954–960.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stepniak E, Radice GL, Vasioukhin V. 2009. Adhesive and signaling functions of cadherins and catenins in vertebrate development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1:a002949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su L, Hattori M, Moriyama M, Murata N, Harazaki M, Kaibuchi K, Minato N. 2003. AF-6 controls integrin-mediated cell adhesion by regulating Rap1 activation through the specific recruitment of Rap1GTP and SPA-1. J Biol Chem 278:15232–15238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugihara-Mizuno Y, Adachi M, Kobayashi Y, Hamazaki Y, Nishimura M, Imai T, Furuse M, Tsukita S. 2007. Molecular characterization of angiomotin/JEAP family proteins: Interaction with MUPP1/Patj and their endogenous properties. Genes Cells 12:473–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takai Y, Ikeda W, Ogita H, Rikitake Y. 2008. The immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule nectin and its associated protein afadin. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 24:309–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takai Y, Nakanishi H. 2003. Nectin and afadin: Novel organizers of intercellular junctions. J Cell Sci 116:17–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takaishi K, Sasaki T, Kotani H, Nishioka H, Takai Y. 1997. Regulation of cell-cell adhesion by rac and rho small G proteins in MDCK cells. J Cell Biol 139:1047–1059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan EC, Leung T, Manser E, Lim L. 1993. The human active breakpoint cluster region-related gene encodes a brain protein with homology to guanine nucleotide exchange proteins and GTPase-activating proteins. J Biol Chem 268:27291–27298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka-Okamoto M, Hori K, Ishizaki H, Itoh Y, Onishi S, Yonemura S, Takai Y, Miyoshi J. 2011. Involvement of afadin in barrier function and homeostasis of mouse intestinal epithelia. J Cell Sci 124:2231–2240.
   Google Scholar
• Tcherkezian J, Lamarche-Vane N. 2007. Current knowledge of the large RhoGAP family of proteins. Biol Cell 99:67–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry SJ, Zihni C, Elbediwy A, Vitiello E, Leefa Chong San IV, Balda MS, Matter K. 2011. Spatially restricted activation of RhoA signalling at epithelial junctions by p114RhoGEF drives junction formation and morphogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 13:159–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres M, Stoykova A, Huber O, Chowdhury K, Bonaldo P, Mansouri A, Butz S, Kemler R, Gruss P. 1997. An alpha-E-catenin gene trap mutation defines its function in preimplantation development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:901–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyanovsky B, Levchenko T, Mansson G, Matvijenko O, Holmgren L. 2001. Angiomotin: An angiostatin binding protein that regulates endothelial cell migration and tube formation. J Cell Biol 152:1247–1254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukita S, Furuse M. 2002. Claudin-based barrier in simple and stratified cellular sheets. Curr Opin Cell Biol 14:531–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umeda K, Ikenouchi J, Katahira-Tayama S, Furuse K, Sasaki H, Nakayama M, Matsui T, Tsukita S, Furuse M, Tsukita S. 2006. ZO-1 and ZO-2 independently determine where claudins are polymerized in tight-junction strand formation. Cell 126:741–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utech M, Ivanov AI, Samarin SN, Bruewer M, Turner JR, Mrsny RJ, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. 2005. Mechanism of IFN-gamma-induced endocytosis of tight junction proteins: Myosin II-dependent vacuolarization of the apical plasma membrane. Mol Biol Cell 16:5040–5052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Aelst L, D'Souza-Schorey C. 1997. Rho GTPases and signaling networks. Genes Dev 11:2295–2322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Itallie CM, Anderson JM. 2006. Claudins and epithelial paracellular transport. Ann Rev Physiol 68:403–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Itallie CM, Fanning AS, Bridges A, Anderson JM. 2009. ZO-1 stabilizes the tight junction solute barrier through coupling to the perijunctional cytoskeleton. Mol Biol Cell 20:3930–3940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasioukhin V, Bauer C, Yin M, Fuchs E. 2000. Directed actin polymerization is the driving force for epithelial cell-cell adhesion. Cell 100:209–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughan EM, Miller AL, Yu HY, Bement WM. 2011. Control of Local Rho GTPase Crosstalk by Abr. Curr Biol 21:270–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigil D, Cherfils J, Rossman KL, Der CJ. 2010. Ras superfamily GEFs and GAPs: Validated and tractable targets for cancer therapy? Nat Rev Cancer 10:842–857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh SV, Hopkins AM, Chen J, Narumiya S, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. 2001. Rho kinase regulates tight junction function and is necessary for tight junction assembly in polarized intestinal epithelia. Gastroenterology 121:566–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HR, Zhang Y, Ozdamar B, Ogunjimi AA, Alexandrova E, Thomsen GH, Wrana JL. 2003. Regulation of cell polarity and protrusion formation by targeting RhoA for degradation. Science 302:1775–1779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe T, Sato K, Kaibuchi K. 2009. Cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion and signaling cascades involving small GTPases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1:a003020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells CD, Fawcett JP, Traweger A, Yamanaka Y, Goudreault M, Elder K, Kulkarni S, Gish G, Virag C, Lim C, Colwill K, Starostine A, Metalnikov P, Pawson T. 2006. A Rich1/Amot complex regulates the Cdc42 GTPase and apical-polarity proteins in epithelial cells. Cell 125:535–548.
   Google Scholar
• Wennerberg K, Der CJ. 2004. Rho-family GTPases: It's not only Rac and Rho (and I like it). J Cell Sci 117:1301–1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheelock MJ, Johnson KR. 2003. Cadherins as modulators of cellular phenotype. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 19:207–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wildenberg GA, Dohn MR, Carnahan RH, Davis MA, Lobdell NA, Settleman J, Reynolds AB. 2006. p120-catenin and p190RhoGAP regulate cell-cell adhesion by coordinating antagonism between Rac and Rho. Cell 127:1027–1039.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wittchen ES, Haskins J, Stevenson BR. 1999. Protein interactions at the tight junction. Actin has multiple binding partners, and zo-1 forms independent complexes with zo-2 and zo-3. J Biol Chem 274:35179–35185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittchen ES, Haskins J, Stevenson BR. 2003. NZO-3 expression causes global changes to actin cytoskeleton in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells: Linking a tight junction protein to Rho GTPases. Mol Biol Cell 14:1757–1768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittmann T, Bokoch GM, Waterman-Storer CM. 2004. Regulation of microtubule destabilizing activity of Op18/stathmin downstream of Rac1. J Biol Chem 279:6196–6203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodcock SA, Rooney C, Liontos M, Connolly Y, Zoumpourlis V, Whetton AD, Gorgoulis VG, Malliri A. 2009. SRC-induced disassembly of adherens junctions requires localized phosphorylation and degradation of the rac activator tiam1. Mol Cell 33:639–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Anuar F, Ali SM, Ng MY, Phua DC, Hunziker W. 2009. Zona occludens-2 is critical for blood-testis barrier integrity and male fertility. Mol Biol Cell 20:4268–4277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Kausalya PJ, Phua DC, Ali SM, Hossain Z, Hunziker W. 2008. Early embryonic lethality of mice lacking ZO-2, but Not ZO-3, reveals critical and nonredundant roles for individual zonula occludens proteins in mammalian development. Mol Cell Biol 28:1669–1678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada S, Nelson WJ. 2007. Localized zones of Rho and Rac activities drive initiation and expansion of epithelial cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 178:517–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanaka T, Horikoshi Y, Suzuki A, Sugiyama Y, Kitamura K, Maniwa R, Nagai Y, Yamashita A, Hirose T, Ishikawa H, Ohno S. 2001. PAR-6 regulates aPKC activity in a novel way and mediates cell-cell contact-induced formation of the epithelial junctional complex. Genes Cells 6:721–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagisawa M, Anastasiadis PZ. 2006. p120 catenin is essential for mesenchymal cadherin-mediated regulation of cell motility and invasiveness. J Cell Biol 174:1087–1096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagisawa M, Huveldt D, Kreinest P, Lohse CM, Cheville JC, Parker AS, Copland JA, Anastasiadis PZ. 2008. A p120 catenin isoform switch affects Rho activity, induces tumor cell invasion, and predicts metastatic disease. J Biol Chem 283:18344–18354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zalcman G, Closson V, Camonis J, Honore N, Rousseau-Merck MF, Tavitian A, Olofsson B. 1996. RhoGDI-3 is a new GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Identification of a non-cytosolic GDI protein interacting with the small GTP-binding proteins RhoB and RhoG. J Biol Chem 271:30366–30374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhadanov AB, Provance DW, Speer CA, Coffin JD, Goss D, Blixt JA, Reichert CM, Mercer JA. 1999. Absence of the tight junctional protein AF-6 disrupts epithelial cell-cell junctions and cell polarity during mouse development. Curr Biol 9:880–888.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang H, Macara IG. 2008. The PAR-6 polarity protein regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis through p190 RhoGAP and the Rho GTPase. Dev Cell 14:216–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar