Abnormal diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

References

• Adams HA, Muller H, von Bormann B, Borner U, Hempelmann G. 1988. Effect of nimodipine on plasma catecholamines and perioperative endocrine stress parameters. Anasth Intensivther Notfallmed. 23:82–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahn RS, Lee YJ, Choi JY, Kwon HB, Chun SI. 2007. Salivary cortisol and DHEA levels in the Korean population: Age-related differences, diurnal rhythm, and correlations with serum levels. Yonsei Med J. 48:379–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arlt W, Allolio B. 2003. Adrenal insufficiency. Lancet. 361:1881–1893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Hohagen F. 2004. Sleep disturbances are correlated with decreased morning awakening salivary cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 29:1184–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker RW, Walker BR, Shaw RJ, Honour JW, Jessop DS, Lightman SL, Zumla A, Rook GA. 2000. Increased cortisol: Cortisone ratio in acute pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 162:1641–1647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendel P, Koivisto T, Hanninen T, Kolehmainen A, Kononen M, Hurskainen H, Pennanen C, Vanninen R. 2006. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is followed by temporomesial volume loss: MRI volumetric study. Neurology. 67:575–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendel S, Koivisto T, Ruokonen E, Rinne J, Romppanen J, Vauhkonen I, Kiviniemi V, Uusaro A. 2008. Pituitary-adrenal function in patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage: A prospective cohort study. Crit Care. 12:R126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogerts B, Lieberman JA, Ashtari M, Bilder RM, Degreef G, Lerner G, Johns C, Maiser S. 1993. Hippocampus-amygdala volumes and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 33:236–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein SR, Chrousos GP. 1999. Clinical review 104: Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)- and non-ACTH-mediated regulation of the adrenal cortex: neural and immune inputs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84:1729–1736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein SR, Licinio J, Tauchnitz R, Engelmann L, Negrao AB, Gold P, Chrousos GP. 1998. Plasma leptin levels are increased in survivors of acute sepsis: Associated loss of diurnal rhythm, in cortisol and leptin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:280–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein SR, Engeland WC, Ehrhart-Bornstein M, Herman JP. 2008. Dissociation of ACTH and glucocorticoids. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 19:175–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt L, Saveland H, Valdenmarsson S, Sjoholm H, Reinstrup P. 2002. Fatigue after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage evaluated by pituitary function and 3D-CBF. Acta Neurol Scand. 109:91–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosnan M, Turner-Cobb J, Munro-Naan Z, Jessop D. 2009. Absence of a normal cortisol awakening response (CAR) in adolescent males with Asperger syndrome (AS). Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34:1095–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan TW, Kern S, Allen JS, Tranel D, Kirschbaum C. 2004. Circadian regulation of cortisol after hippocampal damage in humans. Biol Psychiatry. 56:651–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chida Y, Steptoe A. 2009. Cortisol awakening response and psychosocial factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychol. 80:265–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clow A, Thorn L, Evans P, Hucklebridge F. 2004. The awakening cortisol response: Methodological issues and significance. Stress. 7:29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clow A, Hucklebridge F, Stalder T, Evans P, Thorn L. 2009. The cortisol awakening response: More than a measure of HPA axis function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 35:97–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crompton MR. 1963. Hypothalamic lesions following the rupture of cerebral berry aneurysms. Brain. 86:301–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulou I, Kouyialis AT, Tzanella M, Armaganidis A, Thalassinos N, Sakas DE, Tsagarakis S. 2004. High incidence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in long-term survivors of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 35:2884–2889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulou I, Stamoulis K, Ilias I, Tzanela M, Lyberopoulos P, Orfanos S, Armaganidis A, Theodorakopoulou M, Tsagarakis S. 2007. A prospective study on adrenal cortex responses and outcome prediction in acute critical illness: Results from a large cohort of 203 mixed ICU patients. Intensive Care Med. 33:2116–2121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards S, Evans P, Hucklebridge F, Clow A. 2001. Association between time of awakening and diurnal cortisol secretory activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 26:613–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fassbender K, Hodapp B, Rossol S, Bertsch T, Schmeck J, Schütt S, Fritzinger M, Horn P, Vajkoczy P, Kreisel S, Brunner J, Schmiedek P, Hennerici M. 2001. Inflammatory cytokines in subarachnoid haemorrhage: Association with abnormal blood flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70:534–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischette CT, Komisaruk BR, Edinger HM, Feder HH, Siegel A. 1980. Differential fornix ablations and the circadian rhythmicity of adrenal corticosteroid secretion. Brain Res. 195:373–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Davis JM. 1980. Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery. 6:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries E, Dettenborn L, Kirschbaum C. 2009. The cortisol awakening response (CAR): Facts and future directions. Int J Psychophysiol. 72:67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gozansky WS, Lynn JS, Laudenslage ML, Kohrt WM. 2005. Salivary cortisol determined by enzyme immunoassay is preferable to serum total cortisol for assessment of dynamic hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 63:336–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groschl M, Wagner R, Rauh M, Dorr HG. 2001. Stability of salivary steroids: The influences of storage, food and dental care. Steroids. 66:737–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinkelmann K, Moritz S, Botzenhardt J, Riedesel K, Wiedemann K, Kellner M, Otte C. 2009. Cognitive impairment in major depression: Association with salivary cortisol. Biol Psychiatry. 66:879–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt WE, Hess RM. 1968. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 28:14–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson L, Sapolsky R. 1991. The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Endocr Rev. 12:118–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins JS, Buckell M, Carter AB, Westlake S. 1969. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br Med J. 4:707–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamata T, Takeshita M, Ujiie H, Sato K, Izawa M, Kagawa M, Takakura K. 1994. Acetylcholine determination of cerebrospinal fluid in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol. 41:399–404.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim MS, Lee YJ, Ahn RS. 2010. Day-to-Day differences in cortisol levels and molar cortisol-to-DHEA ratios among working individuals. Yonsei Med J. 51:212–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Hoff C, Saller B, Niggemeier S, Pruemper S, Hutter BO, Rohde V, Gressner A, Matern S, Gilsbach JM. 2004. Prevalence of pituitary deficiency in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 89:4986–4992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunz-Ebrecht SR, Kirschbaum C, Marmot M, Steptoe A. 2004. Differences in cortisol awakening response on work days and weekends in women and men from the Whitehall II cohort. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 29:516–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittal VA, Dhruv S, Tessner KD, Walder DJ, Walker EF. 2007. The relations among putative biorisk markers in schizotypal adolescents: Minor physical anomalies, movement abnormalities, and salivary cortisol. Biol Psychiatry. 61:1179–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy H, Livesey J, Espiner EA, Donald RA. 1998. The low dose ACTH test-a further word of caution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:712–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naredi S, Lambert G, Eden E, Zall S, Runnerstam M, Rydenhag B, Friberg P. 2000. Increased sympathetic nervous activity in patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 31:901–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naredi S, Lambert G, Friberg P, Zall S, Eden E, Rydenhag B, Tylman M, Bengtsson A. 2006. Sympathetic activation and inflammatory response in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Intensive Care Med. 32:1955–1961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pignatelli D, Magalhaes MM, Magalhaes MC. 1998. Direct effects of stress on adrenocortical function. Horm Metab Res. 30:464–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poll EM, Bostrom A, Burgel U, Reinges MH, Hans FJ, Gilsbach JM, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I. 2010. Cortisol dynamics in the acute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Associations with disease severity and outcome. J Neurotrauma. 27:189–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell J, Kitchen N, Heslin J, Greenwood R. 2002. Psychosocial outcomes at three and nine months after good neurological recovery from aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: Predictors and prognosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 72:772–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raff H, Raff JL, Findling JW. 1998. Late-night salivary cortisol as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:2681–2686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reagan LP, McEwen BS. 1997. Controversies surrounding glucocorticoid-mediated cell death in the hippocampus. J Chem Neuroanat. 13:149–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savaridas T, Andrews PJ, Harris B. 2004. Cortisol dynamics following acute severe brain injury. Intensive Care Med. 30:1479–1483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Stalla GK, Ghigo E. 2007. Hypopituitarism. Lancet. 369:1461–1470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sephton SE, Sapolsky RM, Kraemer HC, Spiegel D. 2000. Diurnal cortisol rhythm as a predictor of breast cancer survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 21:994–1000.
   Google Scholar
• Sheline YI, Wang PW, Gado MH, Csernansky JG, Vannier MW. 1996. Hippocampal atrophy in recurrent major depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:3908–3913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkman MN, Gebarski SS, Berent S, Schteingart DE. 1992. Hippocampal formation volume, memory dysfunction, and cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Biol Psychiatry. 32:756–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steptoe A, Siegrist J, Kirschbaum C, Marmot M. 2004. Effort-reward imbalance, over commitment, and measures of cortisol and blood pressure over the working day. Psychosom Med. 66:323–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung KK, Jang DP, Lee S, Kim M, Lee SY, Kim YB, Park CW, Cho ZH. 2009. Neural responses in rat brain during acute immobilization stress: A [F-18]FDG micro PET imaging study. Neuroimage. 44:1074–1080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale G, Jennett B. 1974. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: A practical scale. Lancet. 2:81–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernet M, Rapenne T, Beaurain J, Verges B, Combes JC, Freysz M. 2001. Hypopituitarism after surgical clipping of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Crit Care Med. 29:2220–2222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vining RF, McGinley RA, Maksvytis JJ, Ho KY. 1983. Salivary cortisol: A better measure of adrenal cortical function than serum cortisol. Ann Clin Biochem. 20:329–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhelm I, Born J, Kudielka BM, Schlotz W, Wust S. 2007. Is the cortisol awakening rise a response to awakening?. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 32:358–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf OT, Fujiwara E, Luwinski G, Kirschbaum C, Markowitsch HJ. 2005. No morning cortisol response in patients with severe global amnesia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 30:101–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wust S, Wolf J, Hellhammer DH, Federenko I, Schommer N, Kirschbaum C. 2000. The cortisol awakening response-normal values and confounds. Noise Health. 7:79–88.
   Google Scholar