Stress induces glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis of rat Leydig cells in vivo

References

• Atkinson HC, Wood SA, Kershaw YM, Bate E, Lightman SL. 2006. Diurnal variation in the responsiveness of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis of the male rat to noise stress. J Neuroendocrinol. 18:526–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bidzinska B, Petraglia F, Angioni S, Genazzani AD, Criscuolo M, Ficarra G, Gallinelli A, Trentini GP, Genazzani AR. 1993. Effect of different chronic intermittent stressors and acetyl-I-carnitine on hypothalamic beta-endorphin and GnRH and on plasma testosterone levels in male rats. Neuroendocrinology. 57:985–990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard DC, Spencer RL, Weiss SM, Blanchard RJ, McEwen B, Sakai RR. 1995. Visible burrow system as a model of chronic social stress: Behavioral and neuroendocrine correlates. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 20:117–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard RJ, Dulloog L, Markham C, Nishimura O, Compton JN, Jun A, Han C, Blanchard DC. 2001. Sexual and aggressive interactions in a visible burrow system with provisioned burrows. Physiol Behav. 72:245–254.
   Google Scholar
• Chai WR, Chen Y, Wang Q, Gao HB. 2008. Mechanism of nuclear factor of activated T-cells mediated FasL expression in corticosterone-treated mouse Leydig tumor cells. BMC Cell Biol. 9:31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Young S, Subburaju S, Sheppard J, Kiss A, Atkinson H, Wood S, Lightman S, Serradeil-Le Gal C, Aguilera G. 2008. Vasopressin does not mediate hypersensitivity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during chronic stress. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1148:349–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrousos GP, Gold PW. 1992. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. J Am Med Assoc. 267:1244–1252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contreras LN, Masini AM, Danna MM, Kral M, Bruno OD, Rossi MA, Andrada JA. 1996. Glucocorticoids: Their role on gonadal function and LH secretion. Minerva Endocrinol. 21:43–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Boer SF, Koopmans SJ, Slangen JL, Van der Gugten J. 1989. Effects of fasting on plasma catecholamine, corticosterone and glucose concentrations under basal and stress conditions in individual rats. Physiol Behav. 45:989–994.
   Google Scholar
• Deviche PJ, Hurley LL, Fokidis HB, Lerbour B, Silverin B, Silverin B, Sabo J, Sharp PJ. 2010. Acute stress rapidly decreases plasma testosterone in a free-ranging male songbird: Potential site of action and mechanism. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 169:82–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Q, Salva A, Sottas CM, Niu E, Holmes M, Hardy MP. 2004. Rapid glucocorticoid mediation of suppressed testosterone biosynthesis in male mice subjected to immobilization stress. J Androl. 25:973–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenster L, Katz DF, Wyrobek AJ, Pieper C, Rempel DM, Oman D, Swan SH. 1997. Effects of psychological stress on human semen quality. J Androl. 18:194–202.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finlay JM, Zigmond MJ, Abercrombie ED. 1995. Increased dopamine and norepinephrine relase in medial prefrontal cortex induced by acute and chronic stress: Effects of diazepam. Neuroscience. 64:619–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao HB, Shan LX, Monder C, Hardy MP. 1996. Suppression of endogenous corticosterone levels in vivo increases the steroidogenic capacity of purified rat Leydig cells in vitro. Endocrinology. 137:1714–1718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao HB, Tong MH, Hu YQ, Guo QS, Ge RS, Hardy MP. 2002. Glucocorticoid induces apoptosis in rat Leydig cells. Endocrinology. 143:130–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao HB, Tong MH, Hu YQ, You HY, Guo QS, Ge RS, Hardy MP. 2003. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced Leydig cell apoptosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 199:153–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge RS, Hardy DO, Catterall JF, Hardy MP. 1997. Developmental changes in glucocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase oxidative and reductive activities in rat Leydig cells. Endocrinology. 138:5089–5095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouirand AM, Matuszewich L. 2005. The effects of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on male rats in the water maze. Physiol Behav. 86:21–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray GD, Smith ER, Damassa DA, Ehrenkranz JR, Davidson JM. 1978. Neuroendocrine mechanisms mediating the supression of circulating testosterone levels associated with chronic stress in male rats. Neuroendocrinology. 25:247–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hales DB, Payne AH. 1989. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of P450scc mRNA and de novo synthesis in cultured Leydig cells. Endocrinology. 124:2099–2104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson AC, Fuxe K. 2008. Time-course of immediate early gene expression in hippocampal subregions of adrenalectomized rats after acute corticosterone challenge. Brain Res. 1215:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Hansson AC, Cintra A, Belluardo N, Sommer W, Bhatnagar M, Bader M, Ganten D, Fuxe K. 2000. Gluco-and mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated regulation of neurotrophic factor gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus and the neocortex of the rat. Eur J Neurosci. 12:2918–2934.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hardy MP, Ganjam VK. 1997. Stress, 11beta-HSD, and Leydig cell function. J Androl. 18:475–479.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy MP, Sottas CM, Ge R, McKittrick CR, Tamashiro KL, McEwen BS, Haider SG, Markham CM, Blanchard RJ, Blanchard DC, Sakai RR. 2002. Trends of reproductive hormones in male rats during psychosocial stress: Role of glucocorticoid metabolism in behavioral dominance. Biol Reprod. 67:1750–1755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatanaka K, Ikegaya H, Takase I, Kobayashi M, Iwase H, Yoshida K. 2001. Immobilization stress-induced thymocyte apoptosis in rats. Life Sci. 69:155–165.
   Google Scholar
• Joëls M, Karst H, Alfarez D, Heine VM, Qin Y, van Riel E, Verkuyl M, Lucassen PJ, Krugers HJ. 2004. Effects of chronic stress on structure and cell function in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus. Stress. 7:221–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinefelter GR, Hall PF, Ewing LL. 1987. Effect of luteinizing hormone deprivation in situ on steroidogenesis of rat Leydig cells purified by a multistep procedure. Biol Reprod. 6:769–783.
   Google Scholar
• Korte SM. 2001. Corticosteroids in relation to fear, anxiety and psychopathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 25:117–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manikandan S, Srikumar R, Jeya Parthasarathy N, Sheela Devi R. 2005. Protective effect of Acorus calamus LINN on free radical scavengers and lipid peroxidation in discrete regions of brain against noise stress exposed rat. Biol Pharm Bull. 28:2327–2330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marić D, Kostić T, Kovacević R. 1996. Effects of acute and chronic immobilization stress on rat Leydig cell steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 58:351–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monder C, Miroff Y, Marandici A, Hardy MP. 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase alleviates glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells. Endocrinology. 1994a; 134:1199–1204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monder C, Sakai RR, Miroff Y, Blanchard DC, Blanchard RJ. Reciprocal changes in plasma corticosterone and testosterone in stressed male rats maintained in a visible burrow system: Evidence for a mediating role of testicular 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Endocrinology. 1994b; 134:1193–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mormède P, Lemaire V, Castanon N, Dulluc J, Laval M, Le Moal M. 1990. Multiple neuroencodrine responses to chronic social stress: Interaction between individual characteristics and situational factors. Physiol Behav. 47:1099–1105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mravec B, Tillinger A, Bodnar I, Nagy GM, Palkovits M, Kvetnanský R. 2008. The response of plasma catecholamines in rats simultaneously exposed to immobilization and painful stimuli. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1148:196–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munck A, Guyre PM, Holbrook NJ. 1984. Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions. Endocr Rev. 5:25–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr TE, Taylor MF, Bhattacharyya AK, Collins DC, Mann DR. 1994. Immobilization stress disrupts testicular steroidogenesis in adult male rats by inhibiting the activities of 17a-hydroxylase and 17, 20-lyase without affecting the binding LH/hCG receptors. J Androl. 15:302–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papp M, Nalepa I, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L, Sanchez C. 2002. Behavioural and biochemical studies of citalopram and WAY 100635 in rat chronic mild stress model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 72:465–474.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Payne AH, Sha LL. 1991. Multiple mechanisms for regulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase cytochrome P450, and cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 messenger ribonucleic acid levels in primary cultures of mouse Leydig cells. Endocrinology. 129:1429–1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne AH, Downing JR, Wong KL. 1980. Luteinizing hormone receptor and testosterone synthesis in two distinct populations of Leydig cells. Endocrinology. 106:1424–1429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retana-Márquez S, Bonilla-Jaime H, Vázquez-Palacios G, Martínez-García R, Velázquez-Moctezuma J. 2003. Changes in masculine sexual behavior, corticosterone and testosterone in response to acute and chronic stress in male rats. Horm Behav. 44:327–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin E, Gümüşlü S. 2007. Stress-dependent induction of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidants in peripheral tissues of rats: Comparison of three stress models (immobilization, cold and immobilization-cold). Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 34:425–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samson J, Sheeladevi R, Ravindran R, Senthilvelan M. 2007. Stress response in rat brain after different durations of noise exposure. Neurosci Res. 57:143–147.
   Google Scholar
• Sriraman V, Rao VS, Sairam MR, Rao AJ. 2000. Effect of deprival of LH on Leydig cell roliferation: Involvement of PCNA, cyclin D3 and IGF-I. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 162:113–120.
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava RK, Taylor MF, Mann DR. 1993. Effect of immobilization stress on plasma luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and corticosterone concentrations and on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the testes of adult rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 204:231–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vierhapper H, Nowotny P, Waldhausl W. 2000. Production rates of testosterone in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Metabolism. 49:229–231.
   Google Scholar
• Welsh THJr, Bambino TH, Hsueh AJ:. 1982. Mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced suppression of testicular androgen biosynthesis in vitro. Biol Reprod. 27 5: 1138–1146.
   Google Scholar
• Whirledge S, Cidlowski JA. 2010. Glucocorticoids, stress, and fertility. Minerva Endocrinol. 35:109–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willner P, Towell A, Sampson D, Sophokleous S, Muscat R. 1987. Reduction of sucrose reference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant. Psychopharmacology. 93:358–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willner P, Moreau JL, Nielsen CK, Papp M, Sluzewska A. 1996. Decreased hedonic responsiveness following chronic mild stress is not secondary to loss of body weight. Physiol Behav. 60:129–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright RL, Lightner EN, Harman JS, Meijer OC, Conrad CD. 2006. Attenuating corticosterone levels on the day of memory assessment prevents chronic stress-induced impairments in spatial memory. Eur J Neurosci. 24:595–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar