Day differences in the cortisol awakening response predict day differences in synaptic plasticity in the brain

References

• Aas M, Dazzan P, Mondelli V, Toulopoulou T, Reichenberg A, Di Forti M, Fisher HL, et al. (2011). Abnormal cortisol awakening response predicts worse cognitive function in patients with first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 41:463–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell E, Carlos F, Mendes De Leon F, Millerm G. (2006). Applying mixed regression models to the analysis of repeated-measures data in psychosomatic medicine. Psychosom Med 68:870–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan TW, Kern S, Allen JS, Tranel D, Kirschbaum C. (2004). Circadian regulation of cortisol after hippocampal damage in humans. Biol Psychol 56:651–6
   Google Scholar
• Cho K, Ennaceur A, Cole JC, Suh CK. (2000). Chronic jet lag produces cognitive deficits. J Neurosci 20:RC66
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clow A, Hucklebridge F, Stalder T, Evans P, Thorn L. (2010). The cortisol awakening response: more than a measure of HPA axis function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:97–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crupi D, Ghilardi MF, Mosiello C, Di Rocco A, Quartarone A, Battaglia F. (2008). Cortical and brainstem LTP-like plasticity in Huntington’s disease. Brain Res Bull 75:107–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edwards S, Clow A, Evans P, Hucklebridge F. (2001). Exploration of the awakening cortisol response in relation to diurnal cortisol secretory activity. Life Sci 68:2093–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans P, Fredhoi C, Loveday C, Hucklebridge F, Aitchison E, Forte D, Clow A. (2011). The diurnal cortisol cycle and cognitive performance in the healthy old. Int J Psychophysiol 79:371–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans P, Hucklebridge F, Loveday C, Clow A. (2012). The cortisol awakening response is related to executive function in older age. Int J Psychophysiol 84:201–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries E, Dettenborn L, Kirschbaum C. (2009). The cortisol awakening response (CAR): facts and future directions. Int J Psychophysiol 72:67–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson EM, Wang C, Tjho S, Khattar N, Kriegsfeld LJ. (2010). Experimental ‘jet lag’ inhibits adult neurogenesis and produces long-term cognitive deficits in female hamsters PLoS One 5:art. no. e15267
   Google Scholar
• Goldsworthy MR, Pitcher JB, Ridding MC. (2012). The application of spaced theta burst protocols induces long-lasting neuroplastic changes in the human motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci 35:125–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamada M, Murase N, Hasan A, Balaratnam M, Rothwell JC. (2013). The Role of interneuron networks in driving human motor cortical plasticity. Cereb Cortex 23:1593–605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellhammer J, Fries E, Schweisthal OW, Schlotz W, Stone AA, Hagemann D. (2007). Several daily measurements are necessary to reliably assess the cortisol rise after awakening: state and trait components. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32:80–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YZ, Chen RS, Rothwell JC, Wen HY. (2007). The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent. Clin Neurophysiol 118:1028–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YZ, Edwards MJ, Rounis E, Bhatia KP, Rothwell JC. (2005). Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron 45:201–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagannath A, Peirson SN, Foster RG. (2013). Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in neuropsychiatric illness. Curr Opin Neurobiol 23:888–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joels M. (2008). Functional actions of corticosteroids in the hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 583:312–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung P, Ziemann U. (2009). Homeostatic and nonhomeostatic modulation of learning in human motor cortex. J Neurosci 29:5597–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudielka BM, Kirschbaum C. (2003). Awakening cortisol responses are influenced by health status and awakening time but not by menstrual cycle phase. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28:35–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusanagi H, Hida A, Satoh K, Echizenya M, Shimizu T, Pendergast JS, Yamazaki S, Mishima K. (2008). Expression profiles of 10 circadian clock genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neurosci Res 61:136–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law R, Hucklebridge F, Thorn L, Evans P, Clow A. (2013). State variation in the cortisol awakening response. Stress 16:483–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liston C, Cichon JM, Jeanneteau F, Jia Z, Chao MV, Gan W-B. (2013). Circadian glucocorticoid oscillations promote learning dependent synapse formation and maintenance. Nat Neurosci 16:698–705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menet JS, Rosbash M. (2011). When brain clocks lose track of time: cause or consequence of neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:849–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nader N, Chrousos GP, Kino T. (2010). Interactions of the circadian CLOCK system and the HPA axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 21:227–86
   Google Scholar
• Perreau-Lenz S, Kalsbeek A, Garidou M-L, Wortel J, Van Der Vliet J, Van Heijningen C, Simonneaux V, et al. (2003). Suprachiasmatic control of melatonin synthesis in rats: inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci 17:221–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitcher JB, Riley AM, Doeltgen SH, Kurylowicz L, Rothwell J, McAllister SM, Smith AE, et al. (2012). Physiological evidence consistent with reduced neuroplasticity in human adolescents born preterm. J Neurosci 32:1640–6
   Google Scholar
• Pruessner JC, Wolf OT, Hellhammer DH, Buske-Kirschbaum A, von Auer K, Jobst S, Kaspers F, Kirschbaum C. (1997). Free cortisol levels after awakening: A reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity. Life Sci 61:2539–49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruessner M, Pruessner JC, Hellhammer DH, Pike GB, Lupien SJ. (2007). The associations among hippocampal volume, cortisol reactivity, and memory performance in healthy young men. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 155:1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridding MC, Ziemann U. (2010). Determinants of the induction of cortical plasticity by non-invasive brain stimulation in healthy subjects. J Physiol 588:2291–304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimmele U, Meier F, Lange T, Born J. (2010). Suppressing the morning rise in cortisol impairs free recall. Learn Mem 17:186–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A. (2009). Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol 120:2008–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sale MV, Ridding MC, Nordstrom MA. (2007). Factors influencing the magnitude and reproducibility of corticomotor excitability changes induced by paired associative stimulation. Exp Brain Res 181:615–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sale MV, Ridding MC, Nordstrom MA. (2008). Cortisol inhibits neuroplasticity induction in human motor cortex. J Neurosci 28:8285–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapolsky RM, Uno H, Rebert CS, Finch CE. (1990). Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates. J Neurosci 10:2897–902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth N, Clow A, Hucklebridge F, Thorn L, Evans P. (2013). Delays of 5-15 minutes between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38:1476–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalder T, Hucklebridge F, Evans P, Clow A. (2009). Use of a single case study design to examine state variation in the cortisol awakening response: relationship rise after awakening: state and trait components. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32:80–6
   Google Scholar
• Stefan K, Kunesch E, Benecke R, Cohen L.G, Classen J. (2002). Mechanisms of enhancement of human motor cortex excitability induced by interventional paired associative stimulation. J Physiol 543:699–708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suri D, Vaidya VA. (2013). Glucorticoid regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor: relevance to hippocampal structural and functional plasticity. Neuroscience 239:196–213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang LM-C, Dragich JM, Kudo T, Odom IH, Welsh DK, Dell TJ, Colwell CS. (2009). Expression of the circadian clock gene Period2 in the hippocampus: possible implications for synaptic plasticity and learned behaviour. ASN Neuro 1(3):art. no. e00012, 139–52
   Google Scholar
• Wolf OT, Fujiwarab E, Luwinskib G, Kirschbaum C, Markowitsch HJ. (2005). No morning cortisol response in patients with severe global amnesia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 30:101–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolters A, Sandbrink F, Schlottmann A, Kunesch E, Stefan K, Cohen LG, Benecke R, Classen J. (2003). A temporally asymmetric Hebbian rule governing plasticity in the human motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 89:2339–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulff K, Gatti S, Wettstein JG, Foster RG. (2010). Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:589–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar