Effects of Mutant c-Kit in Early Myeloid Cells

References

• Ashman L.K., Cambareri A.C., To L.B., Levinsky R.J., Juttner C.A. Expression of the YB5.B8 antigen (c-kit proto-oncogene product) in normal human bone marrow. Blood 1991; 78: 30–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papayannopoulou T., Brice M., Broudy V.C., Zsebo K.M. Isolation of c-kit receptor-expressing cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood, and fetal liver: functional properties and composite antigenic profile. Blood 1991; 78: 1403–1412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avraham H., Vannier E., Cowley S., Jiang S., Chi S., Dinarello C.A., Zsebo K.M., Groopman J.E. Effects of the stem cell factor, c-kit ligand, on human megakaryocytic cells. Blood 1992; 79: 365–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons P.J., Aylett G.W., Niutta S., To L.B., Juttner C.A., Ashman L.K. c-kit is expressed by primitive human hematopoietic cells that give rise to colony-forming cells in stroma-dependent or cytokine-supplemented culture. Exper. Hematol. 1994; 22: 157–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doi H., Inaba M., Yamamoto Y., Taketani S., Mori S.I., Sugihara A., Ogata H., Toki J., Hisha H., Inaba K., Sogo S., Adachi M., Matsuda T., Good R.A., Ikehara S. Pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells are c-kitlow. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 1997; 94: 2513–2517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sogo S., Inaba M., Ogata H., Hisha H., Adachi Y., Mori S., Toki J., Yamanishi K., Kanzaki H., Adachi M., Ikehara S. Induction of c-kit molecules on human CD34+/c-kitlow cells: Evidence for CD34+/c-kitlow cells as primitive hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells 1997; 15: 420–429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell E.S. Hereditary anemias of the mouse: a review for geneticists. Adv. Genetics 1979; 20: 357–459
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galli S.J., Zsebo K.M., Geissler E.N. The kit ligand, stem cell factor. Adv. Immunol. 1994; 55: 1–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billips L.G., Petitte D., Dorshkind K., Narayanan R., Chiu C.-P., Landreth K.S. Differential roles of stromal cells, interleukin-7 and kit-ligand in the regulation of B lymphopoiesis. Blood 1992; 79: 1185–1192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa M., Matsuzaki Y., Nishikawa S., Hayashi S., Kunisada T., Sudo T., Kina T., Nakauchi H., Nishikawa S. Expression and function of c-kit in hemopoietic progenitor cells. J. Exp. Med. 1991; 174: 63–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godfrey D.I., Zlotnik A., Suda T. Phenotypic and functional characterization of c-kit expression during intrathymic T cell development. J. Immunol. 1992; 149: 2281–2285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodewald H.R., Kretzschmar K., Swat W., Takeda S. Intrathymically expressed c-kit ligand (stem cell factor) is a major factor driving expansion of very immature thymocytes in vivo. Immunity 1995; 3: 313–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matos M.E., Schnier G.S., Beecher M.S., Ashman L.K., Williams D.E., Caligiuri M.A. Expression of a functional c-kit receptor on a subset of natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 1993; 178: 1079–1084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabarek J., Groopman J.E., Lyles Y.R., Jiang S., Bennett L., Zsebo K., Avraham H. Human kit ligand (stem cell factor) modulates platelet activation in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 21718–21724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluman E.M., Schnier G.S., Avalos B.R., Strout M.P., Sultan H., Jacobson F.W., Williams D.E., Carson W.E., Caligiuri M.A. The c-kit ligand potentiates the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Blood 1996; 88: 3887–3893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayrhofer G., Gadd S.J., Spargo L.D.J., Ashman L.K. Specificity of a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against acute myeloid leukaemia cells for mast cells in human mucosal and connective tissues. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 1987; 65: 241–250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irani A.M., Nilsson G., Miettinen U., Craig S.S., Ashman L.K., Ishizaka T., Zsebo K.M., Schwartz L.B. Recombinant human stem cell factor stimulates differentiation of mast cells from dispersed human fetal liver cells. Blood 1992; 80: 3009–3021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valent P., Spanblochl E., Sperr W.R., Sillaber C., Zsebo K.M., Agis H., Strobl H., Geissler K., Bettelheim P., Lechner K. Induction of differentiation of human mast cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by recombinant human stem cell factor/kit-ligand in long-term culture. Blood 1992; 80: 2237–2245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broudy V.C., Kovach N.L., Bennett L.G., Lin N., Jacobsen F.W., Kidd P.G. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells display high-affinity c-kit receptors and produce a soluble form of the c-kit receptor. Blood 1994; 83: 2145–2152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huizinga J.D., Thuneberg L., Klueppel M., Malysz J., Mikkelsen H.B., Bernstein A. W/kit gene required for interstitial cells of Cajal and for intestinal pacemaker activity. Nature 1995; 373: 347–349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrich M.C., Dooley D.C., Freed A.C., Band L., Hoatlin M.E., Keeble W.W., Peters S.T., Silvey K.V., Ey F.S., Kabat D., et al. Constitutive expression of steel factor gene by human stromal cells. Blood 1993; 82: 771–783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang E.J., Nocka K.H., Buck J., Besmer P. Differential expression and processing of two cell associated forms of the kit-ligand: KL-1 and KL-2. Mol. Biol. Cell 1992; 3: 349–362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyazawa K., Williams D.A., Gotoh A., Nishimaki J., Broxmeyer H.E., Toyama K. Membrane-bound steel factor induces more persistent tyrosine kinase activation and longer life span of c-kit gene-encoded protein than its soluble form. Blood 1995; 85: 641–649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broudy V.C. Stem cell factor and hematopoiesis. Blood 1997; 90: 1345–1364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyman S.D., Jacobsen S.E.W. c-kit ligand and flt3 ligand: Stem/progenitor cell factors with overlapping yet distinct activities. Blood 1998; 91: 1101–1134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadd S.J., Ashman L.K. A murine monoclonal antibody specific for a cell-surface antigen expressed by a sub-group of human myeloid leukaemias. Leuk. Res. 1985; 9: 1329–1336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besmer P., Murphy J.E., George P.C., Qui F., Bergold P.J., Lederman L., Snyder H.W., Brodeur D., Zuckerman E.E., Hardy W.D. A new acute transforming feline retrovirus and relationship of its oncogene v-kit with the protein kinase gene family. Nature 1986; 320: 415–421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarden Y., Kuang W.-J., Yang-Feng T., Coussens L., Munemitsu S., Dull T.J., Chen E., Schlessinger J., Francke U., Ullrich A. Human proto-oncogene c-kit: a new cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase for an unidentified ligand. EMBO J. 1987; 6: 3341–3351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cambareri A.C., Ashman L.K., Cole S.R., Lyons A.B. A monoclonal antibody to a human mast cell/myeloid leukaemia-specific antigen binds to normal haemopoietic progenitor cells and inhibits colony formation in vitro. Leuk. Res. 1988; 12: 929–939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabot B., Stephenson D.A., Chapman V.M., Besmer P., Bernstein A. The proto-oncogene c-kit encoding a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor maps to the mouse W locus. Nature 1988; 335: 88–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geissler E.N., Ryan M.A., Housman D.E. The dominant-white spotting (W) locus of the mouse encodes the c-kit proto-oncogene. Cell 1988; 55: 185–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashman L.K., Gadd S.J., Mayrhofer G., Spargo L.D.J., Cole S.R. A murine monoclonal antibody to an acute myeloid leukaemia-associated cell surface antigen identifies tissue mast cells. Leucocyte Typing III White Cell Differentiation Antigens, AJ McMichael, et al. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1987; 726–728
   Google Scholar
• Lerner N.B., Nocka K.H., Cole S.R., Qiu F.H., Strife A., Ashman L.K., Besmer P. Monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 identifies the human c-kit protein product. Blood 1991; 77: 1876–1883
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhring H.J., Ullrich A., Schaudt K., Muller C.A., Busch F.W. The product of the proto-oncogene c-kit (P145c-kit) is a human bone marrow surface antigen of hemopoietic precursor cells which is expressed on a subset of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemic cells. Leukemia 1991; 5: 854–860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broudy V.C., Smith F.O., Lin N., Zsebo K.M., Egrie J., Bernstein I.D. Blasts from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia express functional receptors for stem cell factor. Blood 1992; 80: 60–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda H., Kanakura Y., Tamaki T., Kuriu A., Kitayama H., Ishikawa J., Kanayama Y., Yonezawa T., Tarui S., Griffin J.D. Expression and functional role of the proto-oncogene c-kit in acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. Blood 1991; 78: 2962–2968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goselink H.M., Williams D.E., Fibbe W.E., Wessels H.W., Beverstock G.C., Willemze R., Falkenburg J.H. Effect of mast cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) on clonogenic leukemic precursor cells. Blood 1992; 80: 750–757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole S.R., Aylett G.W., Casey G., Harvey N.L., Cambareri A.C., Ashman L.K. Increased expression of c-Kit or its ligand Steel Factor is not a common feature of adult acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 1996; 10: 288–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota A., Okamura S., Shimoda K., Harada M., Niho Y. The c-kit molecule and the surface immunophenotype of human acute leukemia. Leuk. Lymphoma 1994; 14: 421–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muroi K., Nakamura M., Amemiya Y., Suda T., Miura Y. Expression of c-kit receptor (CD117) and CD34 in leukemic cells. Leuk. Lymphoma 1995; 16: 297–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashman L.K., Roberts M.M., Gadd S.J., Cooper S.J., Juttner C.A. Expression of a 150-kD cell surface antigen identified by monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 is associated with poor prognosis in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leuk. Res. 1988; 12: 923–928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith F.O., Broudy V.C., Zsebo K.M., Lampkin B.C., Buckley C.V., Buckley J.D., Opie T., Woods W.G., Hammond G.D., Bernstein I.D. Cell surface expression of c-kit receptors by childhood acute myeloid leukemia blasts is not of prognostic value: a report from the Childrens Cancer Group. Blood 1994; 84: 847–852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuss-Borst M.A., Buhring H.J., Schmidt H., Muller C.A. AML: immunophenotypic heterogeneity and prognostic significance of c-kit expression. Leukemia 1994; 8: 258–263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sincock P.M., Ashman L.K. Expression of c-kit and functional drug efflux are correlated in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 1997; 11: 1850–1857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhary P.M., Roninson I.B. Expression and activity of P-glycoprotein, a multidrug efflux pump, in human hematopoietic stem cells. Cell 1991; 66: 85–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bene M.C., Bernier M., Casasnovas R.O., Castoldi G., Knapp W., Lanza F., Ludwig W.D., Matutes E., Orfao A., Sperling C., Van't Veer, M. B. and European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukemias. The reliability and specificity of c-kit for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemias and undifferentiated leukemias. Blood 1998; 92: 596–599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escribano L., Ocqueteau M., Almeida J., Orfao A., San Miguel J.F. Expression of the c-kit (CD117) molecule in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Leuk. Lymphoma 1998; 30: 459–466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kees U.R., Ashman L.K. Synergistic action of interleukin-2 and Steel factor (SLF) on a human T lymphoblastoid cell line. Leukemia 1995; 9: 1046–1050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocyueteau M., Orfao A., Garcia-Sanz R., Almeida J., Gonzalez M., San-Miguel J.F. Expression of the CD117 antigen (C-Kit) on normal and myelomatous plasma cells. Br. J. Haematol. 1996; 95: 489–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto A., Gloghini A., Gattei V., Aldinucci D., Zagonel V., Carbone A. Expression of the c-kit receptor in human lymphomas is restricted to Hodgkin's disease and CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Blood 1994; 83: 785–792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietsch T., Kyas U., Steffens U., Yakisan E., Hadam M.R., Ludwig W.D., Zsebo K., Welte K. Effects of human stem cell factor (c-kit ligand) on proliferation of myeloid leukemia cells: heterogeneity in response and synergy with other hematopoietic growth factors. Blood 1992; 80: 1199–1206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore S., Haylock D.N., Levesque J.P., McDiarmid L.A., Samels L.M., To L.B., Simmons P.J., Hughes T.P. Stem cell factor as a single agent induces selective proliferation of the Philadelphia chromosome positive fraction of chronic myeloid leukemia CD34+ cells. Blood 1998; 92: 2461–2470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisniewski D., Strife A., Clarkson B. c-kit ligand stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the c-Cbl protein in human hematopoietic cells. Leukemia 1996; 10: 1436–1442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallek M., Danhauser-Riedl S., Herbst R., Warmuth M., Winkler A., Kolb H.J., Druker B., Griffin J.D., Emmerich B., Ullrich A. Interaction of the receptor tyrosine kinase p145c-kit with the p210bcr/abl kinase in myeloid cells. Br. J. Haematol. 1996; 94: 5–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furitsu T., Tsujimura T., Tono T., Ikeda H., Kitayama H., Koshimizu U., Sugahara H., Butterfield J.H., Ashman L.K., Kanayama Y., Matsuzawa Y., Kitamura Y., Kanakura Y. Identification of mutations in the coding sequence of the proto-oncogene c-kit in a human mast cell leukemia cell line causing ligand-independent activation of c-kit product. J. Clin. Invest. 1993; 92: 1736–1744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterfield J.H., Weiler D., Dewald G., Gleich G.J. Establishment of an immature mast cell line from a patient with mast cell leukemia. Leuk. Res. 1988; 12: 345–355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsujimura T., Furitsu T., Morimoto M., Isozaki K., Nomura S., Matsuzawa Y., Kitamura Y., Kanakura Y. Ligand-independent activation of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase in a murine mastocytoma cell line P-815 generated by a point mutation. Blood 1994; 83: 2619–2626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsujimura T., Furitsu T., Morimoto M., Kanayama Y., Nomura S., Matsuzawa Y., Kitamura Y., Kanakura Y. Substitution of an aspartic acid results in constitutive activation of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase in a rat tumor mast cell line RBL-2H3. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 1995; 106: 377–385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsujimura T., Morimoto M., Hashimoto K., Moriyama Y., Kitayama H., Matsuzawa Y., Kitamura V., Kanakura Y. Constitutive activation of c-kit in FMA3 murine mastocytoma cells caused by deletion of seven amino acids at the juxtamembrane domain. Blood 1996; 87: 273–283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piao X., Bernstein A. A point mutation in the catalytic domain of c-kit induces growth factor independence, tumorigenicity, and differentiation of mast cells. Blood 1996; 87: 3117–3123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto K., Tsujimura T., Moriyama Y., Yamatodani A., Kimura M., Tohya K., Morimoto M., Kitayama H., Kanakura Y., Kitamura Y. Transforming and differentiation-inducing potential of constitutively activated C-kit mutant genes in the IC-2 murine interleukin-3-dependent mast cell line. Am. J. Path. 1996; 148: 189–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longley B.J., Tyrrell L., Lu S.Z., Ma Y.S., Langley K., Ding T.G., Duffy T., Jacobs P., Tang L.H., Modlin I. Somatic c-KIT activating mutation in urticaria pigmentosa and aggressive mastocytosis: Establishment of clonality in a human mast cell neoplasm. Nature Genet 1996; 12: 312–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata H., Worobec A.S., Oh C.K., Chowdbury B.A., Tannenbaum S., Suzuki Y., Metcalfe D.D. Identification of a point mutation in the catalytic domain of the protooncogene c-kit in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients who have mastocytosis with an associated hematologic disorder. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 1995; 92: 10560–10564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afonja O., Amorosi E., Ashman L., Takeshita K. Multilineage Involvement and erythropoietin-“independent” Erythroid Progentior Cells in a Patient with Systemic Mastocytosis. Ann. Hematol. 1998; 77: 183–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pignon J.M., Giraudier S., Duquesnoy P., Jouault H., Imbert M., Vainchenker W., Vernant J.P., Tulliez M. A new c-kit mutation in a case of aggressive mast cell disease. Br. J. Haematol. 1997; 96: 374–376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arland M., Fiedler W., Samalecos A., Hossfeld D.K. Absence of point mutations in a functionally important part of the extracellular domain of the c-kit protooncogene in a series of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemia 1994; 8: 498–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakata Y., Kimura A., Katoh O., Kawaishi K., Hyodo H., Abe K., Kuramoto A., Satow Y. c-kit point mutation of extracellular domain in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Br. J. Haematol. 1995; 91: 661–663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura A., Nakata Y., Katoh O., Hyodo H. C-kit point mutation in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Leuk. Lymphoma 1997; 25: 281–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beghini A., Cairoli R., Morra E., Larizza L. In vivo differentiation of mast cells from acute myeloid leukemia blasts carrying a novel activating ligand-independent c-kit mutation. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 1998; 24: 262–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heim S., Mitelman F. Cancer Cytogenetics. Wiley Liss Inc., New York 1995; 107
   Google Scholar
• Beghini A., Larizza L., Cairoli R., Morra E. c-kit activating mutations and mast cell proliferation in human leukemia. Blood 1998; 92: 701–702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrao P., Gonda T.J., Ashman L.K. Expression of constitutively activated human c-Kit in myb transformed early myeloid cells leads to factor independence, histiocytic differentiation, and tumorigenicity. Blood 1997; 90: 4539–4552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin F.H., Suggs S.V., Langley K.E., Lu H.S., Ting J., Okino K.H., Morris C.F., McNiece I.K., Jacobsen F.W., Mendiaz E.A., Birkett N.C., Smith K.A., Johnson M., Parker V.P., Flores J.C., Patel A.C., Fisher E.F., Erjavec H.O., Herrera C.J., Wypych J., Sachdev R.K., Pope J.A., Leslie I., Wen D., Lin C.-H., Cupples R.L., Zsebo K.M. Primary structure and functional expression of rat and human stem cell factor DNAs. Cell 1990; 63: 203–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruana G., Cambareri A.C., Gonda T.J., Ashman L.K. Transformation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts by the c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase: effect of receptor density and ligand-requirement. Oncogene 1998; 16: 179–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrao P., Macmillan E.M., Ashman L.K., Gonda T.J. Enforced expression of full length c-Myb leads to density-dependent transformation of murine haemopoietic cells. Oncogene 1995; 11: 1631–1638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piao X., Paulson R., Van der Geer P., Pawson T., Bernstein A. Oncogenic mutation in the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase alters substrate specificity and induces degradation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Proc. Nat Acad. Sci. 1996; 93: 14665–14669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socolovsky M., Lodish H.F., Daley G.Q. Control of hematopoietic differentiation: Lack of specificity in signaling by cytokine receptors. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 1998; 95: 6573–6575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitayama H., Kanakura Y., Furitsu T., Tsujimura T., Oritani K., Ikeda H., Sugahara H., Mitsui H., Kanayama Y., Kitamura Y., Matsuzawa Y. Constitutively activating mutations of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase confer factor-independent growth and tumorigenicity of factor-dependent hematopoietic cell lines. Blood 1995; 85: 790–798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsujimura T., Kanakura Y., Kitamura Y. Mechanisms of constitutive activation of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase. Leukemia 1997; 11(Supplement 3)396–398
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moriyama Y., Tsujimura T., Hashimoto K., Morimoto M., Kitayama H., Matsuzawa Y., Kitamura Y., Kanakura Y. Role of aspartic acid 814 in the function and expression of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 3347–3350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santoro M., Carlomagno F., Romano A., Bottaro D.P., Dathan N.A., Grieco M., Fusco A., Vecchio G., Matoskova B., Kraus M.H. Activation of RET as a dominant transforming gene by germline mutations of MEN2A and MEN2B. Science 1995; 267: 381–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi T., Ihle J.N. Association of hematopoietic cell phosphatase with c-Kit after stimulation with c-Kit ligand. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1993; 13: 3350–3358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulson R.F., Vesely S., Siminovitch K.A., Bernstein A. Signalling by the W/Kit receptor tyrosine kinase is negatively regulated in vivo by the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shpl. Nature Genet 1996; 13: 309–315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenz U., Bergemann A.D., Steinberg H.N., Flanagan J.G., Li X.T., Galli S.J., Neel B.G. Genetic analysis reveals cell type-specific regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit by the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP1. J. Exp. Med. 1996; 184: 1111–1126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi T., Mui A. L.-F., Krystal G., Ihle J.N. Hematopoietic cell phosphatase associates with the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor beta chain and down-regulates IL-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1993; 13: 7577–7586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klingmuller U., Lorenz U., Cantley L.C., Neel B.G., Lodish H.F. Specific recruitment of SH-PTPI to the erythropoietin receptor causes inactivation of JAK2 and termination of proliferative signals. Cell 1995; 80: 729–738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibi K., Takahashi T., Sekido Y., Ueda R., Hida T., Ariyoshi Y., Takagi H. Coexpression of the stem cell factor and the c-kit genes in small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 1991; 6: 2291–2296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krystal G.W., Hines S.J., Organ C.P. Autocrine growth of small cell lung cancer mediated by coexpression of c-kit and stem cell factor. Cancer Res. 1996; 56: 370–376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirota S., Isozaki K., Moriyama Y., Hashimoto K., Nishida T., Ishiguro S., Kawano K., Hanada M., Kurata A., Takeda M., Tunio G.M., Matsuzawa Y., Kanakura Y., Shinomura Y., Kitamura Y. Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science 1998; 279: 577–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitayama H., Tsujimura T., Matsumura I., Oritani K., Ikeda H., Ishikawa J., Okabe M., Suzuki M., Yamamura K., Matsuzawa Y., Kitamura Y., Kanakura Y. Neoplastic transformation of normal hematopoietic cells by constitutively activating mutations of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase. Blood 1996; 88: 995–1004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar