Detection of Residual Disease in Pediatric B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Comparative Phenotype Mapping: Method and Significance

References

• Coustan-Smith E., Behm F. G., Sanchez J., Boyett J. M., Hancock M. L., Raimondi S. C., Rubnitz J. E., Rivera G. K., Sandlund J. T., Pui C. H., Campana D. Immunological detection of minimal residual disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 1998; 351: 550–554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cave H., Van der Werff ten Bosch J., Suciu S., Guidal C., Waterkeyn C., Otten J., Bakkus M., Thielemans K., Grandchamp B., Vilmer E, For the EORTC. Clinical significance of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine 1998; 339: 591–598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dongen J. J.M., Seriu T., Panzer-Grümayer E. R., Biondi A., Pongers-Willemse M. J., Coral L., Stolz F., Masera G., Kamps W. A., Gadner H., Van Wering E. R., Ludwig W. D., Basso G., De Bruijn A. C., Cazzaniga G., Hettinger K., Van der Does-van den Berg A., Hop W. C.J., Riehm H., Bartram C. R. Prognostic value of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood. Lancet 1998; 352: 1731–1738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassermann R., Galili N., Ito Y., Silber J. H., Reichard B. A., Shane S., Womer R. B., Lange B., Rovera G. Residual disease at the end of the induction therapy as a predictor of relapse during childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1992; 10: 1879–1888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brisco M. J., Condon J., Hughes E., Neoh H-S., Sykes P. J., Seshadri R., Toogood I., Waters K., Tauro G., Ekert H., Morley A. A. Outcome prediction in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by molecular quantification of residual disease at the end of induction. Lancet 1994; 343: 196–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenbergen E. J., Verhagen O. J., Van Leeuwen E. F., Van den Berg H., Behrendt H., Slater R. M., Von dem Borne A. E., Van der Schoot C. E. Prolonged persistence of PCR-detectable minimal residual disease after diagnosis or first relapse predicts poor outcome in childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1995; 9: 1726–1734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacquy C., Delepaut B., Van Daele S., Vaerman J. L., Zenebergh A., Brichard B., Vermylen C., Cornu G., Martiat P. A prospective study of minimal residual disease in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: MRD level at the end of induction is a strong predictive factor of relapse. British Journal of Haematology 1997; 98: 140–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroni L., Coyle L. A., Papaioannou M., Yaxley J. C., Sinclair M. F., Chim J. S., Cannell P., Seeker-Walker L. M., Mehta A. B., Prentice H. G., Hoffbrand A. V. Molecular detection of minimal residual disease in adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals differences in treatment response. Leukemia 1997; 11: 1732–1741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulden N. J., Knechtli C. J., Garland R. J., Langlands K., Hancock J. P., Potter M. N., Steward C. G., Oakhill A. Minimal residual disease analysis for the prediction of relapse in children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology 1998; 100: 235–244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciudad J., San Miguel J. F., Lopez-Berges M. C., Vidriales B., Valverde B., Ocqueteau M., Mateos G., Caballero M. D., Hernandez J., Moro M. J., Mateos M. V., Orfao A. Prognostic value of immunophenotypic detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1998; 16: 3774–3781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells D. A., Sale G. E., Shulman H. M., Myerson D., Bryant E. M., Gooley T., Loken M. R. Multidimensional flow cytometry of marrow can differentiate leukemic from normal lymphoblasts and myeloblasts after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 1998; 110: 84–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janossy G., Bollum F. J., Bradstock K. F., McMichael A., Rapson N., Greaves M. F. Terminal trans-ferase-positive human bone marrow cells exhibit the antigenic phenotype of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Immunology 1979; 123: 1525–1529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janossy G., Bollum F. J., Bradstock K. F., Ashley J. Cellular phenotypes of normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells determined by analysis with selected antibody combinations. Blood 1980; 56: 430–441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaves M. F. Analysis of the clinical and biological significance of lymphoid phenotypes in acute leukemia. Cancer Research 1981; 41: 4752–4766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaves M. F., Hariri G., Newman R. A., Sutherland D. R., Ritter M. A., Ritz J. Selective expression of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (gp 100) antigen on immature lymphoid cells and their malignant counterparts. Blood 1983; 61: 628–639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaves M. F. Differentiation-linked leukemogenesis in lymphocytes. Science 1986; 234: 697–704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan D. H., Chappie C. W., Kossover S. A., Sandberg A. A., Cohen H. J. Phenotypic similarities and differences between CALLA-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and normal marrow CALLA-positve B cell precursors. Blood 1987; 70: 814–821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurwitz C. A., Loken M. R., Graham M. L., Karp J. E., Borowitz M. J., Pullen D. J., Civin C. I. Asynchronous antigen expression in B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1988; 72: 299–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradstock K. F., Kerr A., Kabral A., Favaloro E. J., Hewson J. W. Coexpression of p165 myeloid surface antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: a comparison of acute myeloid leukaemia and normal bone marrow cells. American Journal of Hematology 1986; 23: 43–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adriaansen H. J., Hooijkaas H., Kappers-Klunne M. C., Hählen K., Van't Veer M. B., Van Dongen J. J.M. Double marker analysis for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and myeloid antigens in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients and healthy subjects. Haematol. Bloodtransfusion 1990; 33: 41–49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saeland S., Duvert V., Caux C., Pandrau D., Favre C., Valle A., Durand I., Charbord P., De Vries J., Banchereau J. Distribution of surface-membrane molecules on bone marrow and cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Experimental Hematology 1992; 20: 24–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uckun F. M. Regulation of human B-cell ontogeny. Blood 1990; 76: 1908–1923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurwitz C. A., Gore S. D., Stone K. D., Civin C. I. Flow cytometric detection of rare normal human marrow cells with immunophenotypes characteristic of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Leukemia 1992; 6: 233–239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith R. G., Kitchens S. R. Phenotypic heterogeneity of TDT+ cells in the blood and bone marrow: Implications for surveillance of residual leukemia. Blood 1989; 74: 312–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeland S., Duvert V., Pandrau D., Caux C., Durand I., Wrighton N., Wideman J., Lee F., Banchereau J. Interleukin-7 induces the proliferation of normal human B-cell precursors. Blood 1991; 78: 2229–2238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworzak M. N., Fritsch G., Fleischer C., Printz D., Fröschl G., Buchinger P., Mann G., Gadner H. Multiparameter phenotype mapping of normal and post-chemotherapy B lymphopoiesis in pediatric bone marrow. Leukemia 1997; 11: 1266–1273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campana D., Pui C. H. Detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia: Methodologic advances and clinical significance. Blood 1995; 85: 1416–1434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworzak M. N., Fritsch G., Fröschl G., Printz D., Gadner H. Four-color flow cytometric investigation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive lymphoid precursors in pediatric bone marrow: CD79a expression precedes CD19 in early B-cell ontogeny. Blood 1998; 92: 3203–3209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syrjälä M., Antilla V. J., Ruutu T., Jansson S. E. Flow cytometric detection of residual disease in acute leukemia by assaying blasts co-expressing myeloid and lymphatic antigens. Leukemia 1994; 8: 1564–1570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciudad J., Orfao A., Vidriales B., Macedo A., Martinez A., Gonzalez M., Lopez-Berges M. C., Valverde B., San Miguel J. F. Immunophenotypic analysis of CD 19+ precursors in normal human adult bone marrow: implications for minimal residual disease detection. Haematologica 1998; 83: 1069–1075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavabre-Bertrand T., Janossy G., Ivory K., Peters R., Seeker-Walker L., Porwit-MacDonald A. Leukemia-associated changes identified by quantitative flow cytometry: I. CD10 expression. Cytometry 1994; 18: 209–217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farahat N., Lens D., Zomas A., Morilla R., Matutes E., Catovsky D. Quantitative flow cytometry can distinguish between normal and leukaemic B-cell precursors. British Journal of Haematology 1995; 91: 640–646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworzak M. N., Fritsch G., Fleischer C., Printz D., Fröschl G., Buchinger P., Mann G., Gadner H. Comparative phenotype mapping of normal vs. malignant pediatric B-lymphopoiesis unveils leukemia-associated aberrations. Experimental Hematology 1998; 26: 305–313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworzak M. N., Stolz E, Fröschl G., Printz D., Henn X., Fischer S., Fleischer C., Haas O. A., Fritsch G., Gadner H., Panzer-Griimayer E. R. Detection of residual disease in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia by comparative phenotype mapping: a study of five cases controlled by genetic methods. Experimental Hematology 1999; 27: 673–681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farahat N., Morilla A., Owusu-Ankomah K., Morilla R., Pinkerton C. R., Treleaven J. G., Matutes E., Powles R. L., Catovsky D. Detection of minimal residual disease in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by quantitative flow cytometry. British Journal of Haematology 1998; 101: 158–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir E. G., Cowan K., LeBeau P., Borowitz M. J. A limited antibody panel can distinguish B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia from normal B precursors with four color flow cytometry: implications for residual disease detection. Leukemia 1999; 13: 558–567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucio P., Parreira A., Van den Beemd M. W.M., Van Lochem E. G., Van Wering E. R., Baars E., Porwit-MacDonald A., Bjorklund E., Gaipa G., Biondi A., Orfao A., Janossy G., Van Dongen J. J.M., San Miguel J. F. Flow cytometric analysis of normal B cell differentiation, a frame of reference for the detection of minimal residual disease in precursor-B-ALL. Leukemia 1999; 13: 419–427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadler L. M., Korsmeyer S. J., Anderson K. C., Boyd A. W., Slaughenhoupt B., Park E., Jensen J., Coral F., Mayer R. J., Sallan S. E., Ritz J., Schlossman S. F. B cell origin of non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia - a model for discrete stages of neoplastic and normal pre-B cell differentiation. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1984; 74: 332–340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loken M. R., Shah V. O., Dattilio K. L., Civin C. I. Flow cytometric analysis of human bone marrow. II. Normal B lymphocyte development. Blood 1987; 70: 1316–1324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan D., Kossover S., Mitchell S., Frantz C., Hennessy L., Cohen H. Subpopulations of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen-positive lymphoid cells in normal bone marrow identified by hematopoietic differentiation antigens. Blood 1986; 68: 417–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hokland P., Ritz J., Schlossman S. F., Nadler L. M. Orderly expression of B cell antigens during the in vitro differentiation of nonmalignant human pre-B cells. Journal of Immunology 1985; 135: 1746–1751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBien T. W., Wörmann B., Villablanca J. G., Law C. L., Steinberg L. M., Shah V. O., Loken M. R. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of human fetal bone marrow B cells. Leukemia 1990; 4: 354–358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah V. O., Civin C. I., Loken M. R. Flow cytometric analysis of human bone marrow. IV. Differential quantitative expression of T-200 common leukocyte antigen during normal hemopoiesis. Journal of Immunology 1988; 140: 1861–1867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworzak M. N., Fritsch G., Buchinger P., Fleischer C., Printz D., Zellner A., Schöllhammer A., Steiner G., Ambros P. F., Gadner H. Flow cytometric assessment of human MIC2 expression in bone marrow, thymus, and periperal blood. Blood 1994; 83: 415–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paolucci P., Hayward A. R., Rapson N. T. Pre-B and B cells in children on leukaemia remission maintenance treatment. Clinical Experimental Immunology 1979; 37: 259–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearl E. R. Pre-B-cells in normal human bone marrow and in bone marrow from patients with leukemia in remission: persistent quantitative differences and possible expression of cell surface IgM in vitro. Blood 1983; 61: 464–468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Doel L. J., Pieters R., Huismans D. R., Van Zantwijk C. H., Loonen A. H., Broekema G. J., DeWaal F. C., Veerman A. J.P. Immunological phenotype of lymphoid cells in regenerating bone marrow of children after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. European Journal of Haematology 1988; 41: 170–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Self S. E., Morgan S., Grush O., La Via M. F. Significance of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (cALLA) positive cells in bone marrow of children off therapy in complete remission. Hematol. Oncology 1990; 8: 91–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duval M., Fenneteau O., Cave H., Gobillot C., Rohrlich P., Guidal C., Lescoeur B., Legac S., Schlegel N., Sterkers G., Vilmer E. Expansion of polyclonal B-cell precursors in bone marrow from children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematol. Cell Therapy 1997; 39: 139–147
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smedmyr B., Bengtsson M., Jakobsson A., Simonsson B., Oberg H., Totterman T. H. Regeneration of CALLA (CD 10+), TdT+ and double-positive cells in the bone marrow and blood after autologous bone marrow transplantation. European Journal of Haematology 1991; 46: 146–151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi S. D., Seki K., Suwa N., Koama C., Yamamoto T., Aiba K., Maruta A., Matsuzaki M., Fukawa H., Kanamori H. The transient appearance of small Mastoid cells in the marrow after bone marrow transplantation. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 1991; 96: 191–195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kansas G. S., Dailey M. O. Expression of adhesion structures during B cell development in man. Journal of Immunology 1989; 142: 3058–3062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan D. H., Nuccie B. L., Abboud C. N., Winslow J. M. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and the integrin VLA-4 mediate adhesion of human B cell precursors to cultured bone marrow adherent cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1991; 88: 995–1004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake K., Medina K. L., Hayashi S. I., Ono S., Hamaoka T., Kincade P. W. Monoclonal anitbodies to Pgp-1/CD44 block lympho-hemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1990; 171: 477–188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan D. H., Nuccie B. L., Abboud C. N. Inhibition of human bone marrow lymphoid progenitor colonies by antibodies to VLA integrins. Journal of Immunology 1992; 149: 3759–3764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hynes R. O. Integrins: a family of cell surface receptors. Cell 1987; 48: 549–554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn J. H., Kim M. K., Choi E. Y., Kim S. H., Sohn H. W., Ham D. I., Chung D. H., Kim T. J., Lee W. J., Park C. K., Ree H. J., Park S. H. CD99 (MIC2) regulates the LFA-1/ICAM-1-mediated adhesion of lymphocytes, and its gene encodes both positive and negative regulators of cellular adhesion. Journal of Immunology 1997; 159: 2250–2258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan D. H. Adherence of normal and neoplastic human B cell precursors to the bone marrow microenvironment. Blood Cells 1993; 19: 225–244
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dworzak M. N., Fritsch G., Fleischer C., Printz D., Fröschl G., Buchinger P., Mann G., Gadner H. CD99 (MIC2) expression in paediatric B-lineage leukaemia/lymphoma reflects maturation-associated patterns of normal B-lymphopoiesis. British Journal of Haematology 1999; 105: 690–695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campana D., Coustan-Smith E., Behm F. G. The definition of remission in acute leukemia with immunologic techniques. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1991; 8: 429–437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts W. M., Estrov Z., Kitchingman G. R., Zipf T. The clinical significance of residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia as detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of antigen-receptor gene sequences. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1996; 20: 181–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulden N., Langlands K., Steward C., Katz F., Potter M., Chessells J., Oakhill A. PCR assessment of bone marrow status in “isolated” extramedullary relapse of childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology 1994; 87: 282–285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginaldi L., Matutes E., Farahat N., De-Martinis M., Monlla R., Catovsky D. Differential expression of CD3 and CD7 in T-cell malignancies: a quantitative study by flow cytometry. British Journal of Haematology 1996; 93: 921–927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar