Genetic changes including gene copy number alterations and their relation to prognosis in childhood acute myeloid leukemia

References

• Rubnitz JE, Razzouk BI, Ribeiro RC. Acute myeloid leukemia. In: Childhood leukemias. Pui CH, editor. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2006. pp 499–539.
   Google Scholar
• Creutzig U, Buchner T, Sauerland MC, et al Significance of age in acute myeloid leukemia patients younger than 30 years: a common analysis of the pediatric trials AML-BFM 93/98 and the adult trials AMLCG 92/99 and AMLSG HD93/98A. Cancer 2008;112:562–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia. A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:620–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vardiman JW, Harris NL, Brunning RD. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the myeloid neoplasms. Blood 2002;100:2292–2302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaspers GJ, Zwaan CM. Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: towards high-quality cure of all patients. Haematologica 2007;92:1519–1532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollink IH, Zwaan CM, Zimmermann M, et al Favorable prognostic impact of NPM1 gene mutations in childhood acute myeloid leukemia, with emphasis on cytogenetically normal AML. Leukemia 2009;23:262–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon HW, Chang YH, Kim TY, et al Incidence of submicroscopic deletions vary according to disease entities and chromosomal translocations in hematologic malignancies: investigation by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2007;175:166–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rucker FG, Bullinger L, Schwaenen C, et al Disclosure of candidate genes in acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotypes using microarray-based molecular characterization. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3887–3894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suela J, Alvarez S, Cifuentes F, et al DNA profiling analysis of 100 consecutive de novo acute myeloid leukemia cases reveals patterns of genomic instability that affect all cytogenetic risk groups. Leukemia 2007;21:1224–1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchinda J, Dijkhuizen T, Vlies Pv P, Kok K, Horst J. Translocations involving 6p22 in acute myeloid leukaemia at relapse: breakpoint characterization using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization. Br J Haematol 2004;126:495–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyybakinoja A, Elonen E, Piippo K, Porkka K, Knuutila S. Oligonucleotide array-CGH reveals cryptic gene copy number alterations in karyotypically normal acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2007;21:571–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson A, Johansson B, Lassen C, et al Clinical impact of internal tandem duplications and activating point mutations in FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients. Eur J Haematol 2004;72:307–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitelman F, editor. ISCN 1995: an international system for human cytogenetic nomenclature. Basel, Switzerland: Karger; 1995. 114 p.
   Google Scholar
• Kiyoi H, Naoe T, Yokota S, et al Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 associated with leukocytosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia Study Group of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (Kohseisho). Leukemia 1997;11:1447–1452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boissel N, Renneville A, Biggio V, et al Prevalence, clinical profile, and prognosis of NPM mutations in AML with normal karyotype. Blood 2005;106:3618–3620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Database of Genomic Variants [Internet]. The Centre for Applied Genomics; 2005. Available from: http://projects.tcag.ca/variation/
   Google Scholar
• Razzouk BI, Estey E, Pounds S, et al Impact of age on outcome of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a report from 2 institutions. Cancer 2006;106:2495–2502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb DK, Harrison G, Stevens RF, et al Relationships between age at diagnosis, clinical features, and outcome of therapy in children treated in the Medical Research Council AML 10 and 12 trials for acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2001;98:1714–1720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange BJ, Smith FO, Feusner J, et al Outcomes in CCG-2961, a children's oncology group phase 3 trial for untreated pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the children's oncology group. Blood 2008;111:1044–1053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindranath Y, Chang M, Steuber CP, et al Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) studies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a review of four consecutive childhood AML trials conducted between 1981 and 2000. Leukemia 2005;19:2101–2116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubnitz JE, Raimondi SC, Halbert AR, et al Characteristics and outcome of t(8;21)-positive childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a single institution's experience. Leukemia 2002;16:2072–2077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raimondi SC, Chang MN, Ravindranath Y, et al Chromosomal abnormalities in 478 children with acute myeloid leukemia: clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in a cooperative pediatric oncology group study-POG 8821. Blood 1999;94:3707–3716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada A, Taki T, Tabuchi K, et al KIT mutations, and not FLT3 internal tandem duplication, are strongly associated with a poor prognosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21): a study of the Japanese Childhood AML Cooperative Study Group. Blood 2006;107:1806–1809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meshinchi S, Woods WG, Stirewalt DL, et al Prevalence and prognostic significance of Flt3 internal tandem duplication in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2001;97:89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan CM, Meshinchi S, Radich JP, et al FLT3 internal tandem duplication in 234 children with acute myeloid leukemia: prognostic significance and relation to cellular drug resistance. Blood 2003;102:2387–2394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meshinchi S, Alonzo TA, Stirewalt DL, et al Clinical implications of FLT3 mutations in pediatric AML. Blood 2006;108:3654–3661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown P, McIntyre E, Rau R, et al The incidence and clinical significance of nucleophosmin mutations in childhood AML. Blood 2007;110:979–985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motoda L, Osato M, Yamashita N, et al Runx1 protects hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from oncogenic insult. Stem Cells 2007;25:2976–2986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinawi M, Erez A, Shardy DL, et al Syndromic thrombocytopenia and predisposition to acute myelogenous leukemia caused by constitutional microdeletions on chromosome 21q. Blood 2008;112:1042–1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacher U, Schnittger S, Kern W, et al The incidence of submicroscopic deletions in reciprocal translocations is similar in acute myeloid leukemia, BCR-ABL positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2005;90:558–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godon C, Proffitt J, Dastugue N, et al Large deletions 5′ to the ETO breakpoint are recurrent events in patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2002;16:1752–1754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandage VL, Gale RE, Linch DC, Khwaja A. PI3-kinase/Akt is constitutively active in primary acute myeloid leukaemia cells and regulates survival and chemoresistance via NF-κB, Mapkinase and p53 pathways. Leukemia 2005;19:586–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osaki M, Oshimura M, Ito H. PI3K-Akt pathway: its functions and alterations in human cancer. Apoptosis 2004;9:667–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagy B, Ferrer A, Larramendy ML, et al Lymphotoxin β expression is high in chronic lymphocytic leukemia but low in small lymphocytic lymphoma: a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Haematologica 2003;88:654–658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seftalioglu A, Karakus S. Syndecan-1/CD138 expression in normal myeloid, acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia cells. Acta Histochem 2003;105:213–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illmer T, Schaich M, Ehninger G, Thiede C. Tyrosine kinase mutations of JAK2 are rare events in AML but influence prognosis of patients with CBF-leukemias. Haematologica 2007;92:137–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najfeld V, Cozza A, Berkofsy-Fessler W, Prchal J, Scalise A. Numerical gain and structural rearrangements of JAK2, identified by FISH, characterize both JAK2617V>F-positive and -negative patients with Ph-negative MPD, myelodysplasia, and B-lymphoid neoplasms. Exp Hematol 2007;35:1668–1676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000;100:57–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, et al Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature 2007;446:153–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira BI, Alonso J, Carrillo J, et al Array CGH and gene-expression profiling reveals distinct genomic instability patterns associated with DNA repair and cell-cycle check point pathways in Ewing's sarcoma. Oncogene 2008;27:2084–2090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savola S, Klami A, Tripathi A, et al Combined use of expression and CGH arrays pinpoints novel candidate genes in Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. BMC Cancer 2009;9:17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaveri E, Brewer JL, Roydasgupta R, et al Bladder cancer stage and outcome by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:7012–7022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridlyand J, Snijders AM, Ylstra B, et al Breast tumor copy number aberration phenotypes and genomic instability. BMC Cancer 2006;6:96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar