Spontaneous apoptosis and proliferation detected by BCL-2 and CD71 proteins are important progression indicators within ZAP-70 negative chronic lymphocytic leukemia

References

• Faderl S, Keating MJ, Do KA, et al Expression profile of 11 proteins and their prognostic significance in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Leukemia 2002;16:1045–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goolsby C, Paniagua M, Tallman M, Gartenhaus RB. Bcl-2 regulatory pathway is functional in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2005;63:36–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaroslav P, Martina H, Jiri S, et al Expression of cyclin D1, D2 and D3 and Ki-67 in leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2005;46:1605–1612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obermann EC, Went P, Tzankov A, et al Cell cycle phase distribution analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a significant number of cells reside in early G1-phase. J Clin Pathol 2006;60:794–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trowbridge IS, Omary MB. Human cell surface glycoprotein related to cell proliferation is the receptor for transferrin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981;78:3039–3043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omary MB, Trowbridge IS, Minowada J. Human cell-surface glycoprotein with unusual properties. Nature 1980;286:888–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habeshaw JA, Lister TA, Stansfeld AG, Greaves MF. Correlation of transferrin receptor expression with histological class and outcome in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet 1983;1:498–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pileri S, Gobbi M, Rivano MT, Martinelli G. Immunohistological study of transferrin receptor expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol 1984;58:501–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medeiros LJ, Picker LJ, Horning SJ, Warnke RA. Transferrin receptor expression by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: correlation with morphologic grade and survival. Cancer 1988;61:1844–1851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschitz I, Tinhofer I, Hittmair A, Egle A, Kos M, Greil R. Analysis of bcl-2 protein expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A comparison of three semiquantitative techniques. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:219–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepper C, Hoy T, Bentley P. Elevated bcl-2/bax are a consistent feature of apoptosis resistance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and are correlated with in vivo chemoresistance. Leuk Lymphoma 1998;28:355–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JM, Borowitz MJ, Weir EG. The usefulness of CD71 expression by flow cytometry for differentiating indolent from aggressive CD10+ B-cell lymphomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2006;126:39–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzgeroth G, Schultheis B, Kuhn C, et al The soluble transferrin receptor reflects tumor load in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1313–1318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F, et al Ig V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1999;94:1840–1847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamblin TJ, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Oscier DG, Stevenson FK. Unmutated Ig VH genes are associated with a more aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1999;94:1848–1854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespo M, Bosch F, Villamor N, et al ZAP-70 expression as a surrogate for immunoglobulin variable region mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1764–1775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rassenti LZ, Huynh L, Toy TL, et al ZAP-70 compared with immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene mutation status as a predictor of disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2004;351:893–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Principe MI, Del Poeta G, Buccisano F, et al Clinical significance of ZAP-70 expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2006;108:853–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker T, Hipp S, Ringshausen I, et al Rapamycin-induced G1 arrest in cycling B-CLL cells is associated with reduced expression of cyclin D3, cyclin E, cyclin A, and survivin. Blood 2003;101:278–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker T, Sandherr M, Goetze K, Oelsner M, Ringshausen I, Peschel C. A pilot trial of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor RAD001 in patients with advanced B-CLL. Ann Hematol 2009;88:221–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jantus-Lewintre E, Sarsotti E, Terol MJ, Benet I, Garcia-Conde J. Bortezomib induces different apoptotic rates in B-CLL cells according to IgVH and BCL-6 mutations. Clin Transl Oncol 2006;8:805–811.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Connor OA, Wright J, Moskowitz C, et al Phase II clinical experience with the novel proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:676–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien S, Moore JO, Boyd TE, et al Randomized phase III trial of fludrabine plus cyclophosphamide with or without oblimersen sodium (Bcl-2 antisense) in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1114–1120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veldurthy A, Patz M, Hagist S, et al The kinase inhibitor dasatinib induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro with preference for a subgroup of patients with unmutated IgVH genes. Blood 2008;112:1443–1452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallek M, Cheson BD, Catovsky D, et al Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia updating the National Cancer Institute-Working Group 1996 guidelines. Blood 2008;111:5446–5456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Poeta G, Maurillo L, Venditti A, et al Clinical significance of CD38 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2001;98:2633–2639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattei V, Bulian P, Del Principe MI, et al Relevance of CD49d protein expression as overall survival and progressive disease prognosticator in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2008;111:865–873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Principe MI, Del Poeta G, Venditti A, et al Clinical significance of soluble p53 protein in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2004;89:1468–1475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattei V, Degan M, Gloghini A, et al CD30 ligand is frequently expressed in human hematopoietic malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid origin. Blood 1997;89:2048–2059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fais F, Ghiotto F, Hashimoto S, et al Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells express restricted sets of mutated and unmutated antigen receptors. J Clin Invest 1998;102:1515–1525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degan M, Bomben R, Bo MD, et al Analysis of IgV gene mutation in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia according to antigen-driven selection identifies subgroups with different prognosis and usage of the canonical somatic hypermutation machinery. Br J Haematol 2004;126:29–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheson BD, Bennett JM, Grever M, et al National Cancer Institute Sponsored Working Group Guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Blood 1996;29:4990–4997.
   Google Scholar
• Chiorazzi N. Cell proliferation and death: forgotten features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2007;20:399–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packham G, Stevenson FK. Bodyguards and assassins: Bcl-2 family proteins and apoptosis control in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Immunology 2005;114:441–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepper C, Lin TT, Pratt G, et al Mcl-1 expression has in vitro and in vivo significance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is associated with other poor prognostic markers. Blood 2008;112:3807–3817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damle RN, Batliwalla FM, Ghiotto F, et al Telomere length and telomerase activity delineate distinctive replicative features of the B-CLL subgroups defined by immunoglobulin V gene mutations. Blood 2004;103:375–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricca I, Rocci A, Drandi D, et al Telomere length identifies two different prognostic subgroups among VH-unmutated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Leukemia 2007;21:697–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messmer BT, Messmer D, Allen SL, et al In vivo measurements document the dynamic cellular kinetics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. J Clin Invest 2005;115.755–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judd W, Poodry CA, Strominger JL. Novel surface antigen expressed on dividing cells but absent from non dividing cells. J Exp Med 1980;152:1430–1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damle RN, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, et al B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells express a surface membrane phenotype of activated, antigen-experienced B lymphocytes. Blood 2002;99:4087–4093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horii A, Yoshida J, Hattori K, et al DNA ploidy, proliferative activities, and immunophenotype of malignant lymphoma: application of flow cytometry. Head Neck 1998;20:392–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braylan RC. Flow cytometric DNA analysis in the diagnosis and prognosis of lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1993;99:374–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damle RN, Temburni S, Calissano C, et al CD38 expression labels an activated subset within chronic lymphocytic leukemia clones enriched in proliferating B cells. Blood 2007;110:3352–3359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Widhopf G, Huynh L, et al Expression of ZAP-70 is associated with increased B-cell receptor signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2002;100:4609–4614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo PG, Laurenti L, Gobessi S, Sica S, Leone G, Efremov DG. The Akt/Mcl-1 pathway plays a prominent role in mediating antiapoptotic signals downstream of the B-cell receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Blood 2008;111:846–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogner C, Sandherr M, Perker M, et al Cyclin E but not bcl-2, bax or mcl-1 is differentially expressed in ZAP 70-positive and ZAP 70-negative B-CLL cells. Ann Hematol 2006;85:458–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saka B, Atkan M, Sami U, Oner D, Sanem O, Dincol G. Prognostic importance of soluble CD23 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Lab Haematol 2006;28:30–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rassenti LZ, Jain S, Keating MJ, et al Relative value of ZAP-70, CD38, and immunoglobulin mutation status in predicting aggressive disease in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Blood 2008;112:1923–1930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar