Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by Wnt pathway inhibitor promoter hypermethylation

References

• Jaffe ES. The 2008 WHO classification of lymphomas: implications for clinical practice and translational research. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009;523–531.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Renneville A, Roumier C, Biggio V, et al Cooperating gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: a review of the literature. Leukemia 2008;22:915–931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffen B, Muller-Tidow C, Schwable J, Berdel WE, Serve H. The molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005;56:195–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholl C, Gilliland DG, Frohling S. Deregulation of signaling pathways in acute myeloid leukemia. Semin Oncol 2008;35:336–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore MA. Converging pathways in leukemogenesis and stem cell self-renewal. Exp Hematol 2005;33:719–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato N, Meijer L, Skaltsounis L, Greengard P, Brivanlou AH. Maintenance of pluripotency in human and mouse embryonic stem cells through activation of Wnt signaling by a pharmacological GSK-3-specific inhibitor. Nat Med 2004;10:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kielman MF, Rindapaa M, Gaspar C, et al Apc modulates embryonic stem-cell differentiation by controlling the dosage of beta-catenin signaling. Nat Genet 2002;32:594–605.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bovolenta P, Esteve P, Ruiz JM, Cisneros E, Lopez-Rios J. Beyond Wnt inhibition: new functions of secreted Frizzled-related proteins in development and disease. J Cell Sci 2008;121:737–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katoh M, Katoh M. WNT signaling pathway and stem cell signaling network. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:4042–4045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon RT, Bowerman B, Boutros M, Perrimon N. The promise and perils of Wnt signaling through beta-catenin. Science 2002;296:1644–1646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan NI, Bendall LJ. Role of WNT signaling in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Histol Histopathol 2006;21:761–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valencia A, Roman-Gomez J, Cervera J, et al Wnt signaling pathway is epigenetically regulated by methylation of Wnt antagonists in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2009;23:1658–1666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa ME, Skrabanek L, Li Y, et al MDS and secondary AML display unique patterns and abundance of aberrant DNA methylation. Blood 2009;114:3448–3458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles RH, van Es JH, Clevers H. Caught up in a Wnt storm: Wnt signaling in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003;1653:1–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licchesi JD, Westra WH, Hooker CM, Machida EO, Baylin SB, Herman JG. Epigenetic alteration of Wnt pathway antagonists in progressive glandular neoplasia of the lung. Carcinogenesis 2008;29:895–904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serinsoz E, Neusch M, Busche G, Wasielewski R, Kreipe H, Bock O. Aberrant expression of beta-catenin discriminates acute myeloid leukaemia from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2004;126:313–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon M, Grandage VL, Linch DC, Khwaja A. Constitutive activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway in acute myeloid leukaemia. Oncogene 2005;24:2410–2420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung EJ, Hwang SG, Nguyen P, et al Regulation of leukemic cell adhesion, proliferation, and survival by beta-catenin. Blood 2002;100:982–990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ysebaert L, Chicanne G, Demur C, et al Expression of beta-catenin by acute myeloid leukemia cells predicts enhanced clonogenic capacities and poor prognosis. Leukemia 2006;20:1211–1216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin V, Valencia A, Agirre X, et al Epigenetic regulation of the non-canonical Wnt pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Sci 2010;101:425–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Suzuki M, Niwa Y, et al Clinical significance of nuclear non-phosphorylated beta-catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Br J Haematol 2008;140:394–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tickenbrock L, Schwable J, Wiedehage M, et al Flt3 tandem duplication mutations cooperate with Wnt signaling in leukemic signal transduction. Blood 2005;105:3699–3706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhir M, Montgomery EA, Glockner SC, et al Epigenetic regulation of WNT signaling pathway genes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated neoplasia. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:1745–1753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klarmann GJ, Decker A, Farrar WL. Epigenetic gene silencing in the Wnt pathway in breast cancer. Epigenetics 2008;3:59–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolwinski NS, Wieschaus E. A nuclear function for armadillo/beta-catenin. PLoS Biol 2004;2:E95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraway HE, Wang S, Blackford A, et al Promoter hypermethylation in sentinel lymph nodes as a marker for breast cancer recurrence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;114:315–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easwaran HP, Schermelleh L, Leonhardt H, Cardoso MC. Replication-independent chromatin loading of Dnmt1 during G2 and M phases. EMBO Rep 2004;5:1181–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki H, Watkins DN, Jair KW, et al Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes allows constitutive WNT signaling in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2004;36:417–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteller M, Fraga MF, Guo M, et al DNA methylation patterns in hereditary human cancers mimic sporadic tumorigenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2001;10:3001–3007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paz MF, Avila S, Fraga MF, et al Germ-line variants in methyl-group metabolism genes and susceptibility to DNA methylation in normal tissues and human primary tumors. Cancer Res 2002;62:4519–4524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman JG, Graff JR, Myohanen S, Nelkin BD, Baylin SB. Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:9821–9826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp JE, Smith BD, Levis MJ, et al Sequential flavopiridol, cytosine arabinoside, and mitoxantrone: a phase II trial in adults with poor-risk acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:4467–4473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linker CA, Ries CA, Damon LE, et al Autologous stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000;6:50–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller RB, Burke PJ, Karp JE, et al A two-step timed sequential treatment for acute myelocytic leukemia. Blood 1989;74:1499–1506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolanos-Meade J, Karp JE, Guo C, et al Timed sequential therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia in adults: a phase II study of retinoids in combination with the sequential administration of cytosine arabinoside, idarubicin and etoposide. Leuk Res 2003;27:313–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majeti R, Becker MW, Tian Q, et al Dysregulated gene expression networks in human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106:3396–3401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jost E, Schmid J, Wilop S, et al Epigenetic inactivation of secreted Frizzled-related proteins in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2008;142:745–753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlenk RF, Dohner K, Krauter J, et al Mutations and treatment outcome in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1909–1918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minke KS, Staib P, Puetter A, et al Small molecule inhibitors of WNT signaling effectively induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Eur J Haematol 2009;82:165–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar