Flow cytometric sensitivity and characteristics of plasma cells in patients with multiple myeloma or its precursor disease: influence of biopsy site and anticoagulation method

References

• Mateos MV, Hernandez MT, Giraldo P, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2013;369:438–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Persona E, Mateo G, Garcia-Sanz R, et al. Risk of progression in smouldering myeloma and monoclonal gammopathies of unknown significance: comparative analysis of the evolution of monoclonal component and multiparameter flow cytometry of bone marrow plasma cells. Br J Haematol 2010;148:110–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Katzmann JA, et al. Immunoglobulin free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma. Blood 2008;111: 785–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen JT, Kumar SK, Dispenzieri A, et al. Serum free light chain ratio as a biomarker for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2013;27:941–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastritis E, Terpos E, Moulopoulos L, et al. Extensive bone marrow infiltration and abnormal free light chain ratio identifies patients with asymptomatic myeloma at high risk for progression to symptomatic disease. Leukemia 2013;27:947–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillengass J, Fechtner K, Weber MA, et al. Prognostic significance of focal lesions in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1606–1610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ocqueteau M, Orfao A, Almeida J, et al. Immunophenotypic characterization of plasma cells from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance patients. Implications for the differential diagnosis between MGUS and multiple myeloma. Am J Pathol 1998;152:1655–1665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida J, Orfao A, Ocqueteau M, et al. High-sensitive immunophenotyping and DNA ploidy studies for the investigation of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1999;107:121–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paiva B, Vidriales MB, Perez JJ, et al. Multiparameter flow cytometry quantification of bone marrow plasma cells at diagnosis provides more prognostic information than morphological assessment in myeloma patients. Haematologica 2009;94:1599–1602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Almeida J, Mateo G, et al. Immunophenotypic evaluation of the plasma cell compartment in multiple myeloma: a tool for comparing the efficacy of different treatment strategies and predicting outcome. Blood 2002;99:1853–1856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Persona E, Vidriales MB, Mateo G, et al. New criteria to identify risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and smoldering multiple myeloma based on multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow plasma cells. Blood 2007;110:2586–2592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawstron AC, Orfao A, Beksac M, et al. Report of the European Myeloma Network on multiparametric flow cytometry in multiple myeloma and related disorders. Haematologica 2008;93:431–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maus MV, Grupp SA, Porter DL, et al. Antibody modified T cells: CARs take the front seat for hematologic malignancies. Blood 2014;123:2625–2635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korde N, Kristinsson SY, Landgren O. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM): novel biological insights and development of early treatment strategies. Blood 2011;117:5573–5581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasper GA, Arun I, Venzon D, et al. Variables affecting the quantitation of CD22 in neoplastic B cells. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2011;80:83–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tembhare PR, Yuan CM, Venzon D, et al. Flow cytometric differentiation of abnormal and normal plasma cells in the bone marrow in patients with multiple myeloma and its precursor diseases. Leuk Res 2014;38:371–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loken MR, Chu SC, Fritschle W, et al. Normalization of bone marrow aspirates for hemodilution in flow cytometric analyses. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2009;76:27–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohr JG, Stojanov P, Carter SL, et al. Widespread genetic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma: implications for targeted therapy. Cancer Cell 2014;25:91–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roschewski M, Korde N, Wu SP, et al. Pursuing the curative blueprint for early myeloma. Blood 2013;122:486–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usmani SZ, Crowley J, Hoering A, et al. Improvement in long-term outcomes with successive Total Therapy trials for multiple myeloma: are patients now being cured? Leukemia 2013;27:226–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson PG, Weller E, Lonial S, et al. Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood 2010;116:679–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubowiak AJ, Dytfeld D, Griffith KA, et al. A phase 1/2 study of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone as a frontline treatment for multiple myeloma. Blood 2012;120:1801–1809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Marit G, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1782–1791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy PL, Owzar K, Hofmeister CC, et al. Lenalidomide after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1770–1781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Hajek R, Delforge M, et al. Continuous lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1759–1769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Schlag R, Khuageva NK, et al. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2008;359:906–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham D, Paz-Ares L, Milan S, et al. High-dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation as consolidation in previously untreated myeloma. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:759–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landgren O. Pilot study: carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. Presented at: International Myeloma Workshop, April 2013, Kyoto, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Rawstron AC, Owen RG, Davies FE, et al. Circulating plasma cells in multiple myeloma: characterization and correlation with disease stage. Br J Haematol 1997;97:46–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo G, Montalban MA, Vidriales MB, et al. Prognostic value of immunophenotyping in multiple myeloma: a study by the PETHEMA/GEM cooperative study groups on patients uniformly treated with high-dose therapy. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2737–2744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowakowski GS, Witzig TE, Dingli D, et al. Circulating plasma cells detected by flow cytometry as a predictor of survival in 302 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood 2005;106:2276–2279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawstron AC, Child JA, de Tute RM, et al. Minimal residual disease assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry in multiple myeloma: impact on outcome in the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX Study. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:2540–2547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paiva B, Vidriales MB, Rosinol L, et al. A multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotypic algorithm for the identification of newly diagnosed symptomatic myeloma with an MGUS-like signature and long-term disease control. Leukemia 2013;27:2112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paiva B, Martinez-Lopez J, Vidriales MB, et al. Comparison of immunofixation, serum free light chain, and immunophenotyping for response evaluation and prognostication in multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1627–1633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paiva B, Gutierrez NC, Chen X, et al. Clinical significance of CD81 expression by clonal plasma cells in high-risk smoldering and symptomatic multiple myeloma patients. Leukemia 2012;26: 1862–1869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingli D, Nowakowski GS, Dispenzieri A, et al. Flow cytometric detection of circulating myeloma cells before transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: a simple risk stratification system. Blood 2006;107:3384–3388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopp HG, Yildirim S, Weisel KC, et al. Contamination of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell grafts predicts overall survival after high-dose chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol.2009;135:637–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanders A, Stetler-Stevenson M, Landgren O. Minimal residual disease testing in multiple myeloma by flow cytometry: major heterogeneity. Blood 2013;122:1088–1089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, et al. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:21–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherry BM, Korde N, Kwok M, et al. Modeling progression risk for smoldering multiple myeloma: results from a prospective clinical study. Leuk Lymphoma 2013;54:2215–2218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Weiss LM, Chang KL, et al. Diagnostic utility of bilateral bone marrow examination: significance of morphologic and ancillary technique study in malignancy. Cancer 2002;94:1522–1531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter PH, Resto-Ruiz S, Washington GC, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of whole blood lysis, three anticoagulants, and five cell preparations. Cytometry 1992;13:68–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paiva B, Vidriales MB, Cervero J, et al. Multiparameter flow cytometric remission is the most relevant prognostic factor for multiple myeloma patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation. Blood 2008;112:4017–4023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puig N, Sarasquete ME, Balanzategui A, et al. Critical evaluation of ASO RQ-PCR for minimal residual disease evaluation in multiple myeloma. A comparative analysis with flow cytometry. Leukemia 2014;28:391–397.
   Google Scholar