The risk of secondary primary malignancies after therapy for multiple myeloma

References

• Kyle RA, Pierre RV, Bayrd ED. Multiple myeloma and acute myelomonocytic leukemia. New Engl J Med 1970;283:1121–1125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergsagel DE, Bailey AJ, Langley GR, et al. The chemotherapy on plasma-cell myeloma and the incidence of acute leukemia. New Engl J Med 1979;301:743–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Marit G, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. New Engl J Med 2012;366:1782–1791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Hajek R, Delforge M, et al. Continuous lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. New Engl J Med 2012;366:1759–1769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy PL, Owzar K, Hofmeister CC, et al. Lenalidomide after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. New Engl J Med 2012;366:1770–1781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mailankody S, Pfeiffer RM, Kristinsson SY, et al. Risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes after multiple myeloma and its precursor disease (MGUS). Blood 2011;118: 4086–4092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munker R, Shi R, Lin D, et al. Multiple myeloma and other malignancies: a pilot study from the Houston, VA. Clin Lymph Myeloma Leukemia 2013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leukaemia on myeloma. Br Med J 1971;1:568–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlke E, Murray CA, Kitchen J, et al. Systematic review of melanoma incidence and prognosis in solid organ transplant recipients. Transplant Res 2014;3:2047–1440.
   Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen MT, Grulich AE, Webster AC, et al. Immunosuppression and other risk factors for early and late non-Hodgkin lymphoma after kidney transplantation. Blood 2009; 114:630–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dann EJ, Rowe JM. Biology and therapy of secondary leukaemias. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2001;14:119–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usmani SZ, Sexton R, Hoering A, et al. Second malignancies in total therapy 2 and 3 for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: influence of thalidomide and lenalidomide during maintenance. Blood 2012; 120:1597–1600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlogie B, Tricot G, Haessler J, et al. Cytogenetically defined myelodysplasia after melphalan-based autotransplantation for multiple myeloma linked to poor hematopoietic stem-cell mobilization: the Arkansas experience in more than 3,000 patients treated since 1989. Blood 2008;111:94–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usmani SZ, Sawyer J, Rosenthal A, et al. Risk factors for MDS and acute leukemia following total therapy 2 and 3 for multiple myeloma. Blood 2013;121:4753–4757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paiva RM, Calado RT. Telomere dysfunction and hematologic disorders. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2014;125:133–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt G. Lenalidomide and second malignancies in myeloma patients. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:253–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan AY, Mei M, Sun CL, et al. Second primary malignancies after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl J Am Soc Blood Marrow Transpl 2013;19:260–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landgren O, Mailankody S. Update on second primary malignancies in multiple myeloma: a focused review. Leukemia 2014;7:1423–1426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaschou P, Simard JF, Holmqvist M, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis, anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy, and risk of malignant melanoma: nationwide population based prospective cohort study from Sweden. BMJ 2013;8:1939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oeffinger KC, van Leeuwen FE, Hodgson DC. Methods to assess adverse health-related outcomes in cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20:2022–2034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez F, Trujillo JM, Alexanian R. Acute leukemia in multiple myeloma. Ann Intern Med 1977;86:440–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govindarajan R, Jagannath S, Flick JT, et al. Preceding standard therapy is the likely cause of MDS after autotransplants for multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 1996;95:349–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart AK, Trudel S, Bahlis NJ, et al. A randomized phase 3 trial of thalidomide and prednisone as maintenance therapy after ASCT in patients with MM with a quality-of-life assessment: the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinicals Trials Group Myeloma 10 Trial. Blood 2013;21:1517–1523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ormerod A, Fausel CA, Abonour R, et al. Observations of second primary malignancy in patients with multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2012;12:113–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateos MV, Hernandez MT, Giraldo P, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. New Engl J Med 2013;369:438–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facon T, Dimopoulos MA, Dispenzieri A, et al. Initial phase 3 results of the first (Frontline investigation of lenalidomide + dexamethasone versus standard thalidomide) trial (MM-020/IFM 07 01) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients (Pts) ineligible for stem cell transplantation (SCT). ASH Annual Meeting Abstract Blood 2013;122:2.
   Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Kumar SK, et al. Second primary malignancies with lenalidomide therapy for newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:333–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Marit G, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: follow-up analysis of the IFM 2005-02 Trial. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract Blood 2013;122:406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy P, Owzar K, Hofmeister C. Analysis of overall survival (OS) in the context of cross-over from placebo to lenalidomide and the incidence of second primary malignancies (SPM) in the phase III study of lenalidomide versus placebo maintenance therapy following autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for multiple myeloma (MM) CALGB (Alliance) ECOG BMTCTN. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2013;13:S28.
   Google Scholar
• Singh PP, Kumar SK, LaPlant BR, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract Blood 2013;122:407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brioli A, Pawlyn C, Gregory W, et al. Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated with lenalidomide induction and maintenance show a low incidence of second primary malignancies (SPMs). ASH Annual Meeting Abstract Blood 2013;122:2074.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gay F, Cavallo F, Caravita T, et al. Maintenance therapy with lenalidomide significantly improved survival of young newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract Blood 2013;122:2089.
   Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos M, Spencer A, Attal M, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. New Engl J Med 2007;357:2123–2132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber DM, Chen C, Niesvizky R, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma in North America. New Engl J Med 2007;357:2133–2142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos MA, Richardson PG, Brandenburg N, et al. A review of second primary malignancy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide. Blood 2012;119:2764–2767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouquet G, Tardy S, Demarquette H, et al. Efficacy and safety profile of long-term exposure to lenalidomide in patients with recurrent multiple myeloma. Cancer 2013;119:3680–3686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotchetkov R, Masih-Khan E, Chu C-M, et al. Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloblastic leukemia during lenalidomide-based regimens in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma patients: single center experience. ASH Annual Meeting Abstract Blood 2012;120:1867.
   Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Richardson PG, Orlowski RZ, et al. Risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) following bortezomib (Btz)-based therapy: analysis of four phase 3 randomized controlled trials in previously untreated or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). ASH Annual Meeting Abstract Blood 2011;118:2933.
   Google Scholar
• San Miguel JF, Schlag R, Khuageva NK, et al. Persistent overall survival benefit and no increased risk of second malignancies with bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone versus melphalan-prednisone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2013;31:448–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Miguel J, Weisel K, Moreau P, et al. Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone versus high-dose dexamethasone alone for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM-003): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:1055–1066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis LB, Demark Wahnefried W, Allan JM, et al. Aetiology, genetics and prevention of secondary neoplasms in adult cancer survivors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2013;10:289–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, et al. (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 197502011. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Available from: y, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Greene MH, Harris EL, Gershenson DM, et al. Melphalan may be a more potent leukemogen than cyclophosphamide. Ann Intern Med 1986;105:360–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrington de Gonzalez A, Gilbert E, Curtis R, et al. Second solid cancers after radiation therapy: a systematic review of the epidemiologic studies of the radiation dose-response relationship. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013;86:224–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Kumar SK, et al. Second primary malignancies with lenalidomide therapy for newly diagnosed myeloma: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:333–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facon T, Meletios A, Dimopoulos MA, et al. Initial phase 3 results of the first (Frontline investigation of lenalidomide + dexamethasone versus standard thalidomide) trial (MM-020/IFM 07 01) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients (Pts) ineligible for stem cell transplantation (SCT). ASH Annual Meeting Abstract Blood 2013;122:2.
   Google Scholar