Role of Interleukin-1 Inhibitory Molecules in Therapy of Acute and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

References

• Lichtman M. A., Henderson E. S. Acute my-elogenous leukemia. Hematology, W. J. Williams, E. Beutler, A. J. Erslev, M. A. Lichtman. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York 1990; 251
   Google Scholar
• Gale R. P., Foon K. A. Therapy of acute my-elogenous leukemia. Sem. Hematol. 1987; 24: 40–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer R. J. Current chemotherapeutic treatment approaches to the management of previously untreated adults with de novo acute myelogenous leukemia. Sem. Oncol. 1987; 14: 384–396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copplestone J. A., Smith A. G., Oscier D. G., Ham-blin T. J. True outlook in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Lancer 1986; 1: 1104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sauter C., Alberto P., Berchtold W., Fopp M., Gmur J., Gratwohl A., Imbach P., Maurice P., Obrecht P., Senn H. J. Long term results of two Swiss AML studies. Haematol. Blultransfus. 1987; 30: 38–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones L., Newland A. C. The management of relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia in adults. Leuk. Lymph. 1991; 4: 93–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riccardi A., Giodano M., Girino M. Treatment of adult acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia: A computer-aided analysis. Haematologica 1987; 72: 71–88
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lister T. A., Rohatiner A. Z. S. The treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in adults. Sem. Hematol. 1981; 19: 172–192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogler W. R., Winton E. F. Post-remission therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. Chronic and Acute Leukemias in Adults, C. D. Bloomfield. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston 1985; 209–228
   Google Scholar
• The Toronto Leukemia Study Group. Survival in acute myeloblastic leukemia is not prolonged by remission maintenance or early reinduction chemotherapy. Leuk. Res. 1988; 12: 195–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckner C., Clift R., Thomas E. D., Sanders J. E., Hackman R., Stewart P. S., Storb R., Sullivan K. M. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in second remission. Leuk. Res. 1982; 6: 395–399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiden P. L., Sullivan K. M., Flourney N., Storb R., Thomas E. D., The Seattle Marrow Transplant Team. Antileukemia effect of chronic graft-versus-host disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1981; 304: 1529–1533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minot G. R., Buckman T. E., Issacs R. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: age, incidence, duration, and benefit derived from irradiation. J. Am. Med. Assoc 1924; 82: 1489–1494
   Google Scholar
• Koeffler H. P., Golde D. W. Chronic myelogenous leukemia-new concepts. N. Engl. J. Med. 1981; 304: 1201–1209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inbal A., Akstein E., Barak I., Meytes D., Many A. Cyclic leukemia. Acta Haematol. 1983; 69: 353–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talpaz M., Kurzrock R., Kantarjian H. M., Gutter-man J. U. Recent advances in therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Important Advances in Oncology, V. T. De Vita, S. Hellman, S. A. Rosenberg. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1988; 297–321
   Google Scholar
• Rushing D., Goldman A., Gibbs G., Howe R., Kennedy B. J. Hydroxyurea versus busulfan in the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Am. J. Clinical Oncol. 1982; 5: 307–313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monfardini S., Gee T., Fried J., Clarkson B. Survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia: influence of treatment and extent of disease at diagnosis. Cancer 1973; 31: 492–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardinal C. G., Bateman J. R., Weiner J. Chronic granulocytic leukemia. Review of 536 cases. Arch. Intern. Med. 1975; 136: 305–320
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokal J. E. Evaluation of survival data from chronic myelocytic leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 1979; 1: 492–500
   Google Scholar
• Champlin R. E., Golde D. W. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: Recent advances. Blood 1985; 65: 1039–1047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talpaz M., McCredie K. B., Maligit G. M., Gutter-man J. U. Leukocyte interferon-induced myeloid cy-toreduction in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1983; 62: 689–692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talpaz M., Kantarjian H. M., McCredie K. B., Keating M. J., Trujillo J., Gutterman J. U. Clinical investigation of human alpha interferon in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1987; 69: 1280–1288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talpaz M., Kantarjian H. M., McCredie K. B., Keating M. J., Gutterman J. U. Hématologie remission and cytogenetic improvement induced by recombinant human interferon alpha in chronic myelogenous leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1986; 314: 1065–1069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergsagel D. E., Haas R. H., Messner H. A. Interferon alpha 2 in treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Sem. Oncol. 1986; 3: 29–35
   Google Scholar
• Tannock I. Cell kinetics and chemotherapy: A critical review. Cancer Treatment Reports 1978; 62: 1117–1133
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenberg M. L., Chanana A. D., Cronkite E. P., Gia-comelli G., Rai K. R., Schiffer L. M., Stryckmans P. A., Vincent P. C. The generation time of human leukemic myeloblasts. Lab. Invest. 1972; 26: 245–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang T., Haman A., Goncalves O., Clark S. C. Interleukin-6 enhances growth-factor dependent proliferation of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood 1988; 72: 823–826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oster W., Mertelsmann R., Herrmann F. Role of colony-stimulating factors in the biology of acute myelogenous leukemia. Int. J. Cell Cloning 1989; 7: 13–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark S. C., Kamen R. The human hemato-poietic colony-stimulating factors. Science 1987; 236: 1229–1237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang T., Nara N., Wang G., Clark S., Minden M. D., McCuUoch E. A. Effects of recombinant GM-CSF on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood 1986; 68: 313–316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begley C. G., Metcalf D., Nicola N. A. Primary human myeloid leukemia cells: comparative responsiveness to proliferative stimulation by GM-CSF or G-CSF and membrane expression of CSF receptors. Leukemia 1987; 1: 1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyauchi J., Kelleher C. A., Wong G. G., Yang Y. C., Clark S. C., Minkin M., Minden M. D., McCulloch E. A. The effects of combinations of the recombinant growth factors GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-3, and CSF-1 on leukemic blast cells in suspension culture. Leukemia 1988; 2: 382–387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenberg B., Salem M., Deiwel R. Effects of recombinant multi-CSF, GM-CSF, G-CSF and M-CSF on the proliferation and maturation of human AML in vitro. Blood Cells (Berl) 1988; 14: 539–549
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delwel R., Salem M., Pellens C., Dorssers L., Wage-maker G., Clark S., Lowenberg B. Growth regulation of human acute myeloid leukemia: Effects of five recombinant hematopoietic factors in a serum-free culture system. Blood 1988; 72: 1944–1949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yound D. C., Griffin J. D. Autocrine secretion of GM-CSF in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood 1986; 68: 1178–1181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza L. M., Boone T. C., Gabrilove J., Lai P. H., Zsebo K. M., Murdock D. C., Chazin V. R., Bruszewski J., Lu H., Chen K. K., Barendt J., Platzer E., Moore M. A. S., Mertelsmann R., Weite K. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: effects on normal and leukemic myeloid cells. Science 1986; 232: 61–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Cimadevilla J. C., Beauchemin V., Ville-meuve L., Letendre F., Shaw A., Hoang T. Coordinate secretion of interleukin-1 β and granulocyte-mac-rophage colony-stimulating factor by the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia: Role of interleukin-1 as an endogenous inducer. Blood 1990; 76: 1481–1489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal G. M., McCall E., Stueve T., Bagby G. C., Jr. Interleukin 1 stimulates endothelial cells to release multilineage human colony-stimulating activity. J. Immunol. 1987; 6: 1772–1778
   Google Scholar
• Dinarello C. A. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood 1991; 77: 1627–1652
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fibbe W. E., Schaafsma M. R., Falkenburg J. H. F., Willemze R. The biological activities of interleukin-I. Blut 1989; 59: 147–156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fibbe W. E., Willemze R. The role of interleu-kin-l in hematopoiesis. Acta Haematolog. 1991; 86: 148–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auron P. E., Webb A. C., Rosenwasser L. J., Mucci S. F., Rich A., Wolff S. M., Dinarello C. A. Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA 1984; 81: 7907–7911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomedico P. T., Gubler R., Hellmann C. P., Dukovich M., Giri J. G., Pan Y. E., Collier K., Semionow R., Chua A. O., Mizel S. B. Cloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli. Nature 1984; 312: 458–462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb A. C., Collins K. L., Auron P. E., Eddy R. L., Nakai H., Byers M. G., Haley L. L., Henry W. M., Shows T. B. Interleukin-1 gene (IL1) assigned to long arm of human chromosome 2. Lymphokine Res. 1986; 5: 77–85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dower S. K., Kronheim S. R., Hopp T. P., Cantrell M., Deeley M., Gillis S., Henney C. S., Urdal D. L. The cell surface receptor for interleukin-1 a and in-terleukin-l/3 are identical. Nature 1986; 324: 266–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dower S. K., Urdal D. L. The interleukin-1 receptor. Immunology Today 1987; 8: 46–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Billiau A., Van Damme J., Opdemakker G., Fibbe W. E., Falkenburg J. H. F., Content J. Inter-leukin-1 as a cytokine inducer. Immunobiology 1986; 172: 323–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang T., Haman A., Goncalves O., Letendre F., Mathieu M., Wong G. G., Clark S. C. Interleu-kin-l enhances growth-factor dependent proliferation of the clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia and of normal human primitive hemopoietic precursors. J. Exp. Med. 1988; 168: 463–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurt-Jones E. A., Belier E. I., Mizel S. B., Unanue E. R. Identification of a membrane-associated interleukin-1 in macrophages. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA 1985; 82: 1204–1208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazuda D. J., Lee J. C., Young P. R. The kinetics of interleukin-1 secretion from activated monocytes. Differences between interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta. J. Biolog. Chem. 1988; 263: 8473–8479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michizuki D. Y., Eisenman J. R., Conlon P. J., Larsen A. D., Tusinski R. J. Interleukin-1 regulates hematopoietic activity, a role previously ascribed to hemo-poietin I. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA 1987; 84: 5267–5271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore M. A. S., Warren D. J. Synergy of interleukin-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vivo stimulation of stem-cell recovery and hematopoietic regeneration following 5-fluorouracil treatment of mice. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei USA 1987; 84: 7134–7138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley E. R., Bartocci A., Partinkin D., Rosendaal M., Bradley T. R. Regulation of very primitive, multipotent, hemopoietic cells by hemopoietin-1. Cell 1986; 45: 667–674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zsebo K. M., Wypych J., Yuschenkoff V. N., Lu H., Hunt P., Dukes P. P., Langley K. E. Effects of hematopoietin-1 and interleukin 1 activities on early hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. Blood 1988; 71: 962–968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartelmez S. H., Bradley T. R., Bertoncello I., Mochi-zuki D. Y., Tushinski R. J., Stanley E. R., Hapel A. J., Young I. G., Kriegler A. B., Hodgson G. S. Interleukin-1 plus interleukin-3 plus colony-stimulating factor 1 are essential for clonal proliferation of primitive my-eloid bone marrow cells. Exp. Hematol. 1989; 17: 240–245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby G. C., Jr. Interleukin-1 and hematopoiesis. Blood Rev. 1989; 3: 152–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fibbe W. E., Falkenburg J. H. F., Schaafsma M. R., Willemze R. The hematopoietic activities of interleukin 1. Biotherapy 1989; 1: 263–271
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dinarello C. A. Interleukin-1 and its biologically related cytokines. Adv. Immunol. 1989; 44: 153–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• di Giovine F. S., Duff G. W. Interleukin 1: The first interleukin. Immunology Today 1990; 11: 13–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zucali J. R., Dinarello C. A., Oblon D. J., Gross M. A., Anderson L., Weiner R. S. Interleukin-1 stimulates fibrobiasts to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity and prostaglandin E. J. Clin. Invest. 1986; 77: 1857–1863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby G. C., Jr., Dinarello C. A., Wallace P., Wagner C., Hefeneider S., McCall E. Interleukin-1 stimulates GM-CSA release by vascular endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1986; 78: 1316–1323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucali J. R., Broxmeyer H. E., Dinarello C. A., Gross M. A., Weiner R. S. Regulation of early human hematopoietic (BFU-E and CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells in vitro by interleukin-1 induced fibroblast medium. Blood 1987; 69: 33–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fibbe W. E., Van Damme J., Billiau A., Voogt P. J., Dunderken N., Klunk P. M. C., Falkenburg J. H. F. Interleukin-1 (22 K-factor) induces release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity from human mononuclear phagocytes. Blood 1986; 68: 1316–1321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louvaug D., Pelus L. M., Nordie E. M., Boyum A., Moore M. A. S. Monocyte medium and interleukin-I induce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in the adherent cell layer of murine bone marrow cultures. Exp. Hematol. 1986; 14: 1037–1042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieff C. A., Tsai S., Faller D. V. Interleukin-1 induces cultured endothelial cell production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J. Clin. Invest. 1987; 79: 48–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann F., Oster W., Meuer S. C., Lindemann A., Mertelsmann R. H. Interleukin-1 stimulates T-lymphocytes to produce granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor. J. Clin. Invest. 1988; 81: 1415–1418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rennick D. G., Yang L., Gemmell L., Lee F. Control of hemopoisesis by a bone marrow stromal cell clone: lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 inducible production of colony-stimulating factors. Blood 1987; 69: 682–691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y. C., Tsai S., Wong G. G., Clark S. C. Interleukin-1 regulation of hematopoietic growth factor production by human stromal fibrobiasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 1988; 134: 292–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fibbe W. E., Van Damme J., Billiau A., Duinkerken N., Lurvink E., Ralph P., Altrock B. W., Kaushansky K., Willemze R., Falkenburg J. H. F. Human fibrobiasts produce granulocyte-CSF, macrophage-CSF, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF following stimulation by interleukin-1 and poly(rI). poly(rC). Blood 1988; 72: 860–866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushansky K., Lin N., Adamson J. W. Interleukin-1 stimulates fibrobiasts to synthesize granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors. J. Clin. Invest. 1988; 81: 92–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broudy J. C., Kaushansky K., Harlan J. M., Adamson J. W. Interleukin-1 stimulates human endothelial cells to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. J. Immunol. 1987; 139: 464–468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fibbe W. E., Van Damme J., Billiau A., Goselink H. M., Voogt P. J., Van Eeden G., Ralph P., Altrock B. W., Falkenburg J. H. F. Interleukin-1 induces human marrow stromal cells in long-term culture to produce granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood 1988; 71: 430–435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billiau A., Van Damme J., Opdenakker G., Fibbe W. E., Falkenburg J. H. F., Content J. Interleukin-1 as a cytokine inducer. Immunobiology 1986; 172: 323–335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endres S., van der Meer J. W. M., Dinarello C. A. Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of fever. Editorial. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1987; 17: 469–474
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Damme J., Cayphas S., Opdenakker G., Billiau A., Van Snick J. Interleukin-1 and poly(rI). poly(rC) induce production of a hybridoma growth factor by human fibrobiasts. Eur. J. Immunol. 1987; 17: 1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello C. A., Ikejima T., Warren S. J. C., Orencole S. F., Lonnemann G., Cannon J. G., Libby P. Interleukin-1 induces interleukin-1. I. Induction of circulating interleukin-l in rabbits in vivo and in human mononu-clear cells in vitro. J. Immunol. 1987; 139: 1902–1910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nela R., Douches S. D., Oppenheim J. J. Interleukin-l is a radio-protector. J. Immunol. 1986; 136: 2483–2485
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neta R., Sztein M. B., Oppenheim J. J., Gillis S., Douches S. D. The in vivo effects of interleukin-l. I. Bone marrow cells are induced to cycle after administration of interleukin-l. J. Immunol. 1987; 139: 1861–1866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castelli M. P., Block P. L., Schneider M., Pennington R., Abe F., Talmadge J. E. Protective, restorative, and therapeutic properties of recombinant human IL-I in rodent models. J. Immunol. 1988; 140: 3830–3837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreb J., Zucali J. R., Gross M. A., Weiner R. S. Protective effects of IL-1 on human hematopoietic progenitor cells treated in vitro with 4-hydroperoxycyclo-phosphamide. J. Immunol. 1989; 142: 1937–1942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laver J., Abboude M., Gasparetto C., Gillio A., O'Reilly R. J., Moore M. A. Effects of 1L-I on hematopoietic progenitors after myelosuppressive chemoradioth-erapy. Biotherapy 1989; 1: 293–300
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hangoc G., Williams D. E., Falkenburg J. H. F., Broxmeyer H. E. Influence of IL-1 a and IL-1β on the survival of human bone marrow cells responding to haematopoietic colony-stimulating factors. J. Immunol. 1989; 142: 4329–4334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaafsma M. R., Falkenburg J. H. F., Duinkerken N., Van Damme J., Altrock B. W., Wilemze R., Fibbe W. E. Interleukin-l synergizes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on granulocytic colony formation by intermediate production of granulocytic colony-stimulating factor. Blood 1989; 74: 2398–2404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartelmez S. H., Stanley E. R. Synergism between hemopoietic growth factors (HFG's) detected by their effects on cells being receptors for a lineage specific HGF: Assay of hemopoietin-1. J. Cell Physiol. 1985; 122: 370–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikebuchi K., Ihle J. N., Hirai Y., Wong G. G., Clark S. C., Ogawa M. Synergistic factors for stem cell proliferation: Further studies of the target stem cells and the mechanism of stimulation by interleukin-l, interleukin-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Blood 1988; 72: 2007–2014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith J. W., II, Urba W. J., Curti B. D., Elwood L. J., Steis R. G., Janik J. E., Sharfman W. H., Miller L. L., Fenton R. G., Conlon K. C., Sznol M., Creekmore S. P., Wells N. F., Ruscetti F. W., Keller J. R., Hestdal K., Shimizu M., Rossio J., Alvord W. G., Oppenheim J. J., Longo D. L. The toxic and hématologie effects of interleukin-1 alpha administered in a phase I trial to patients with advanced malignancies. J. Clin. Oncol. 1992; 10: 1141–1152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crown J., Jakubowski A., Kemeny N., Gordon M., Gasparetto C., Wong G., Sheridan C., Toner G., Meisen-berg B., Botet J., Applewhite J., Sinha S., Moore M., Kelsen D., Buhles W., Gabrilove J. A phase I trial of recombinant human interleukin-1β alone and in combination with myelosuppressive doses of 5-fluorouracil in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Blood 1991; 78: 1420–1427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steis R., Smith J., II, Janik J., Fenton R., Sharfman W., Rossio J., Kopp W., Buhles W., Ruscelti F., Keller J., Longo D., Hestdal K., Wells N., Urba W. Phase I study of recombinant IL-1 beta (Syntex). Proc. Am. Soc. Clinical Oncology 1991; 10: 211, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Bodel P., Ralph P., Wenc K., Long J. C. Endogenous pyrogen production by Hodgkin's disease and human histiocytic lymphoma cell lines in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 1980; 65: 514–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu S. M., Krupen K., Lachman L. B. Heterogeneity of interleukin 1 production in cultured Reed-Sternberg cell lines HDLM-1, HDLM-ld, and KM-H2. Am. J. Pathol. 1989; 135: 33–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pistoia V., Cozzolino F., Rubartelli A., Torcia M., Ron-cella S., Ferrarini M. In vitro production of interleukin-l by normal and malignant human B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 1986; 136: 1688–1692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wano Y., Hattori T., Matsuoka M., Takatsuki K., Chua A. O., Gubler U., Greene W. C. Interleukin 1 gene expression in adult T cell leukemia. J. Clin. Invest. 1987; 80: 911–916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodaka T., Uchiyama T., Umadome H., Uchino H. Expression of cytokine mRNA in leukemia cells from adult T cell leukemia patients. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 1989; 80: 531–536
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamamoto I., Kawano M., Sone T., Iwato K., Tanaka H., Ishikawa H., Kitamura N., Lee K., Shigeno C., Konishi J. Production of interleukin-l beta, a potent bone resorbing cytokine, by cultured human myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 1989; 49: 4242–4246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein A., Berenson J., Norman D., Chang M. P., Carlile A. Production of cytokines by bone marrow cells obtained from patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 1989; 74: 1266–1273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzolino F., Torcia M., Aldinucci D., Rubartelli A., Miliani A., Shaw A. R., Lansdorp P. M., Di Gug-lielmo R. Production of interleukin-1 by bone marrow myeloma cells. Blood 1989; 74: 380–387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby G. C., Jr., Dinarello C. A., Neerhout R. C., Ridg-way D., McCall E. Interleukin-l dependent paracrine granulopoiesis in chronic granulocytic leukemia of the juvenile type. J. Clin. Invest. 1988; 82: 1430–1436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gualtieri R. J., Emanuel P. D., Zuckerman K. S., Martin G., Clark S. C., Shadduck R. K., Dracker R. A., Aka-butu J., Nitschke R., Hetherington M. L., Dickerman J. D., Hakami N., Castleberry R. P. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is an endogenous regulator of cell proliferation in juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1989; 74: 2360–2367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman M. H., Cohen A., Grunberger T., Bunin N., Shahidi N., Lau A., Estrov Z. Central role of tumor necrosis factor and GM-CSF in the pathogenesis of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1992; 80: 40–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estrov Z., Kurzrock R., Wetzler M., Kantarjian H., Blake M., Harris D., Gutterman J. R., Talpaz M. Suppression of chronic myelogenous leukemia colony growth by IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble IL-1 receptors: A novel application for inhibitors of IL-1 activity. Blood 1991; 78: 1476–1484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzolino F., Rubartelli A., Aldinucci D., Sitia R., Tor-cia M., Shaw A., Di Guglielmo R. Interleukin I as an autocrine growth factor for acute myeloid leukemia cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA 1989; 86: 2369–2373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oster W., Cicco N. A., Klein H., Hirano T., Kishimoto T., Lindemann A., Martelsmann R. H., Herrmann F. Participation of the cytokines interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-l beta secreted by acute myelogenous leukemia blasts in autocrine and paracrine leukemia growth control. J. Clin. Invest. 1989; 84: 451–457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai K., Hattori T., Matsuoka M., Asou N., Yamamoto S., Sagawa K., Takatsuke K. Autocrine stimulation of interleukin lb in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Exp J. Med. 1987; 166: 1597–1602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delwel R., van Buitenen C., Salem M., Bot F., Gillis S., Kaushansky K., Altrock B., Lowenberg B. Interleukin-1 stimulates proliferation of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells by induction of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor release. Blood 1989; 74: 586–593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura M., Kanakura Y., Furukawa Y., Ernst T. J., Griffin J. D. Demonstration of interleukin-lb transcripts in acute myeloblastic leukemic cells by in situ hybridization. Leukemia 1990; 4: 466–470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin J. D., Rambaldi A., Vellenga E., Young D. C., Ostapovicz D., Cannistra S. A. Secretion of interleukin-1 by acute myeloblastic leukemia cells in vitro induces endothelial cells to secrete colony stimulating factors. Blood 1987; 70: 1218–1221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbury D., Bowen G., Kozlowski R., Reilly I., Russell N. Endogenous interleukin-1 can regulate the autonomous growth of the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia by inducing autocrine secretion of GM-CSF. Leukemia 1990; 4: 44–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Schoot C. E., Jansen P., Poorter M., Wester M. R., von dem Borne A. E., Aarden I. A., van Oers R. H. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 production in acute leukemia with monocytoid differentiation. Blood 1989; 74: 2081–2087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estrov Z., Kurzrock R., Estey E., Wetzler M., Ferrajoli A., Harris D., Blake M., Gutterman J. U., Talpaz M. Inhibition of acute myelogenous leukemia blast proliferation by IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble IL-1 receptors. Blood 1992; 79: 1938–1945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann F., Oster W., Lindemann A., Ganser A., Dörken B., Knapp W., Griffin J. D., Mertelsmann R. Leukemic colony forming cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia: Maturation hierarchy and growth conditions. Haematol. Bluttransfus. 1987; 31: 185–190
   Google Scholar
• Young D. C., Wagner W., Griffen J. D. Constitutive expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene in acute myeloblastic leukemia. J. Clin. Invest. 1987; 79: 100–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin J. D., Young D. C., Herrmann F., Wiper D., Wagner K., Sabbath K. D. Effects of recombinant human GM-CSF on proliferation of clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood 1986; 67: 1448–1453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estrov Z., Estey E. H., Andreeff M., Talpaz M., Kurzrock R., Reading C. L., Deisseroth A. B., Gutterman J. U. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Exp. Hematol. 1992; 20: 558–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oster W., Lindemann A., Mertelsmann R., Herrmann F. Regulation of gene expression of M-, G-, GM-, and Multi-CSF by normal and malignant cells. Blood Cells 1988; 14: 443–462
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoang T., Nara N., Wang G., Clark S., Minden M. D., McCulloch E. A. Effects of recombinant GM-CSF on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood 1986; 68: 313–316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vellenga E., Young D. C., Wagner K., Wiper D., Ostapovicz P., Griffin J. D. The effects of GM-CSF and G-CSF in promoting growth of clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood 1987; 69: 1771–1776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelleher C., Miyauchi J., Wong G., Clark S., Minden M. D., McCulloch E. A. Synergism between recombinant growth factors, GM-CSF and G-CSF, activity on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Blood 1987; 69: 1498–1503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyauchi J., Kelleher C. A., Yang Y. C., Wong G. G., Clark S. C., Minden M. D., Minkin S., McCulloch E. A. The effects of three recombinant growth factors, IL-3, GM-CSF, and G-CSF on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia maintained in short-term suspension culture. Blood 1987; 70: 657–663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachman L. B., Moore J. O., Metzgar R. S. Preparation and characterization of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) from acute monocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia cells. Cell Immunol. 1978; 41: 199–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erroi A., Specchia G., Liso V., Colotta F., Bersani L., Polentarutti N., Zhen-Guo C., Allavena P., Manto-vani A. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor production in acute non-lymphoid leukemia. Eur. J. Haematol. 1989; 42: 16–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzolino F., Torcia M., Bettoni S., Aldinucci D., Bur-gio V. L., Petti M. C., Rubartelli A., Barbui T., Rambaldi A. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 control granulocyte- and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene expression and cell proliferation in cultured acute myeloblastic leukemia. Int. J. Cancer 1990; 46: 902–907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murohashi I., Nagata K., Suzuki T., Yamashita Y., Ma-ruyama Y., Nara N. Production of growth potentiating factor(s) for autologous blast cells by acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. Cancer Res. 1988; 48: 6424–6428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erroi A., Specchia G., Liso V., Colotta F., Bersani L., Polentarutti N., Zhen-Guo C., Allavena P., Manto-vani A. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor production in acute non-lymphoid leukemia. Eur. J. Haematol. 1989; 42: 16–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter A., Silvian-Draxler I., Tatarsky I. Effect of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-α on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 1992; 40: 245–251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murohashi I., Tohda S., Suzuki T., Nagata K., Yamashita Y., Nara N. Mechanism of action of interleukin-1 on the progenitors of blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia. Exp. Hematol. 1990; 18: 133–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preisler H. D., Raza A., Kukla C., Larson R., Goldberg J., Browman G. Interleukin-1β expression and treatment outcome in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1991; 78: 849–850, (letter)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broxmeyer H. E., Mendelson N., Moore M. A. S. Abnormal granulocyte feedback regulation of colony-forming and colony-stimulating activity-producing cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk. Res. 1977; 1: 3–12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otsuka T., Eaves C. J., Humphries R. K., Hogge D. E., Eaves A. C. Lack of evidence for abnormal autocrine or paracrine mechanisms underlying the uncontrolled proliferation of primitive CML progenitors in long-term culture. Blood 1989; 74: 23a, (abstract suppl 1)
   Google Scholar
• Brown R. D., Yuen E., Kronenberg H., Rickard K. A. Stimulation of persisting colonies in agar cultures by sera from patients with CML and AML. Blood 1986; 68: 37–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenberg B., Hagemeijier A., Abels J. Detection of the blastic crisis cell clone in chronic myeloid leukemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1985; 59: 27–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzler M., Kurzrock R., Lowe D. G., Kantarjian H., Gutterman J. U., Talpaz M. Alteration in bone marrow adherent layer factor expression: A novel mechanism of chronic myelogenous leukemia progression. Blood 1991; 78: 2400–2406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello C. A., Rosenwasser L. J., Wolff S. M. Demonstration of a circulating suppressor factor of thymo-cyte proliferation during endotoxin fever in humans. J. Immunol. 1981; 127: 2517–2519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao Z., Grimshaw R. S., Rosenstreich D. L. Identification of a specific interleukin-1 inhibitor in the urine of febrile patients. J. Exp. Med. 1984; 159: 126–136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaldon S., Koch K. M., Bingel M., Granolleras C., Deschodt G., Dinarello C. A. Modulation of plasma interleukin-1 and its circulating protein inhibitor (CPI) by hemodialysis and hemofiltration. Kidney Int. 1987; 31: 245, (abstract)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seckinger P., Dayer J. M. Interleukin-1 inhibitors. Ann. L'Institut Pasteur/Immunol. 1987; 138: 486–488
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arend W. P., Joslin P. G., Thompson R. C., Hannum C. H. An IL-1 inhibitor from human mono-eytes. Production and characterization of biologic properties. J. Immunol. 1989; 143: 1851–1858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seckinger P., Lowenthal J. W., Williamson K., Dayer J. M., MacDonald H. R. A urine inhibitor of in-terleukin-l activity that blocks ligand binding. J. Immunol. 1987; 139: 1546–1549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzei G. J., Seckinger P. L., Dayer J. M., Shaw A. R. Purification and characterization of a 26-kDa competitive inhibitor of interleukin 1. Eur. J. Immunol. 1990; 20: 683–689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter D. B., Deibel M. R., Jr., Dunn C. J., Tomich C. S. C., Laborde A. L., Slightom J. L., Berger A. E., Bien-kowski M. J., Sun F. F., McEwan R. N., Harris P. K. W., Yem Q. W., Waszak G. A., Chosay J. G., Sieu L. C., Hardee M. M., Zurcher-Neely H. A., Reardon I. M., Heinrikson R. L., Truesdell S. E., Shelly J. A., Eassalu T. E., Taylor B. M., Tracey D. E. Purification, cloning, expression, and biological characterization of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein. Nature 1990; 344: 633–638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg S. P., Evans R. J., Arend W. P., Verderber E., Brewer M. T., Hannum C. H., Thompson R. C. Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of a human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Nature 1990; 343: 341–346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arend W. P., Welgus H. G., Thompson R. C., Ei-senberg S. P. Biological properties of recombinant human monocyte-derived interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. J. Clin. Invest. 1990; 85: 1694–1697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rambaldi A., Torcia M., Bettoni S., Vannier E., Barbui T., Shaw A. R., Dinarello C. A., Cozzolino F. Modulation of cell proliferation and cytokine production in acute myeloblastic leukemia by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and lack of its expression by leukemic cells. Blood 1991; 78: 3248–3253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin M., Gopal V., Banavali S., Gartside P., Preisler H. Effects of an IL-1 receptor antagonist on acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leukemia 1992; 6: 898–901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak V., Treves A. J., Yanai P., Halperin M., Was-serman D., Biran S., Braun S. Interleukin-1 inhibitory activity secreted by a human myelomonocytic cell line (M20). Eur. J. Immunol. 1986; 16: 1449–1452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peled T., Rigel M., Peritt D., Fibach E., Treves A. J., Barak V. Effect of M20 interleukin-1 inhibitor on normal and leukemic human myeloid progenitors. Blood 1992; 79: 1172–1177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dower S. K., Wignall J. M., Schooley K., McMahan C. J., Jackson J. L., Prickett K. S., Lupton S., Cosman D., Sims J. E. Retention of ligand-binding activity by the extracellular domain of the IL-1 receptor. J. Immunol. 1989; 142: 4314–4320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanslow W. C., Sims J. E., Sassenfeld H., Morrissey P. J., Gillis S., Dower S. K., Widmer M. B. Regulation of alloreactivity in vivo by a soluble form of the interleukin-1 receptor. Science 1990; 248: 739–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essner R., Rhoades K., McBride W. H., Economou J. S. IL-4 down-regulates IL-1 and TNF gene expression monocytes. J. Immunol. 1989; 142: 3857–3861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart P. H., Vit G. F., Burgess D. R., Whitty G. A., Piccoli D. S., Hamilton J. A. Potential anti-inflammatory effect of interleukin-4: Suppression of human monocyte tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1 and pros-taglandin E2. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1989; 86: 3803–3807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnelly R. P., Fenton M. J., Finbloom D. S., Ger-rard T. L. Differential regulation of IL-1 production in human monocytes by IFN- and IL-4. J. Immunol. 1990; 145: 569–575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson M. M., Markowitz A. B., Gutterman J. U., Knowles R. D., Snyer J. S., Kleinerman E. S. Effect of recombinant human interleukin 4 on human monocyte activity. Cancer Res. 1990; 50: 3154–3158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul W. E. Interleukin-4: A prototypic immunore-gulatory lymphokine. Blood 1991; 77: 1859–1870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard M., Farrar J., Hilfiker M., Johnson B., Takatsu K., Hamaoka T., Paul W. E. Identification of a T-cell derived B-cell growth factor distinct from interleu-kin-2. J. Exp. Med. 1982; 155: 914–923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLnnes A., Rennick D. M. Interleukin-4 induces cultured monocytes/macrophages to form giant multi-nucleated cells. J. Exp. Med. 1988; 167: 598–611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rennick D., Yang G., Muller-Sieburg C., Smith C., Arai N., Takabe Y., Gemmel L. Interleukin-4 (B-cell stimulatory factor 1) can enhance and antagonize the factor-dependent growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1987; 84: 6889–6893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broxmeyer H. E., Lu L., Cooper S., Rubin B. Y., Gillis S., Williams D. E. Synergistic effects of purified recombinant human and murine B-cell growth-factor 1 / IL4 on colony formation in vitro by hematopoietic progenitor cells. J. Immunol. 1988; 141: 3852–3862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snoeck H. W., Lardon F., Van Bockstaele D. R., Kor-thout M., DeBock R., Peetermans M. E. Effects of recombinant human interleukin-4 (IL-4) on hema-topoiesis: Studies on purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Exp. Hematol. 1991; 19: 490, (abstr)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• London L., McKearn J. P. The dual regulatory role of interleukin-4 is mediated through a direct effect on the target cells. Exp. Hematol. 1990; 18: 1059–1063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen J. H., Wietjens G. H. M., Fibbe W. E., Willemze R., Kluin-Nelemans H. C. Inhibition of human macrophage colony formation by interleukin 4. J. Exp. Med. 1989; 170: 577–582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonoda Y., Okuda T., Yokota S., Maekawa T., Shi-zumi Y., Nishigaki H., Misawa S., Fujii H., Abe T. Actions of human interleukin-4/B-cell stimulatory factor on proliferation and differentiation of enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells in culture. Blood 1990; 75: 1615–1621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perschel C., Green I., Paul W. E. Interleukin-4 induces a substance in bone marrow stromal cells that re-versibly inhibits factor-dependent and factor-independent cell proliferation. Blood 1989; 73: 1130–1141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen J. H., Fibbe W. E., Wientjens G. H. M., Willemze R., Kluin-Nelemans J. C. Differential stimulatory and inhibitory effects of interleukin-4 on gran-ulocytic and monocytic colony formation in human bone marrow cultures. Blood 1990; 76: 148a, (suppl 1)
   Google Scholar
• Ferrajoli A., Talpaz M., Hirsch-Ginsberg C., Zipf T. F., Kurzrock R., Wetzler M., Estrov Z. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) alters human bone marrow stroma formation and modulates its interaction with hematopoietic progenitors. Blood, (in press) (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Wetzler M., Kurzrock R., Estrov Z., Estey E., Talpaz M. Interleukin-4 modulates aberrant cytokine expression in adherent layers derived from myelodysplastic and acute myelogenous leukemia patients. Blood, (in press) (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Estrov Z., Markowitz A. B., Kurzrock R., Wetzler M., Kantarjian H., Ferrajoli A., Gutterman J. U., Talpaz M. Suppression of chronic myelogenous leukemia colony growth by interleukin-4. Leukemia, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Ferrajoli A., Talpaz M., Markowitz A. B., Wetzler M., Kurzrock R., Kantarjian H., Harris D., Blake M., Gutterman J. U., Estrov Z. Divergent effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and normal marrow progenitor proliferation. Blood 1991; 78: 382a, (abstract)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vellenga E., de Wold J., Beentjes J. A. M., Esselink M. T., Smit J. W., Halie M. R. Divergent effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and IL-3 supported myeloid colony formation from normal and leukemic bone marrow cells. Blood 1990; 75: 633–637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akashi K., Shibuya T., Harada M., Takamatsu Y., Uike N., Eto T., Niho Y. Interleukin-4 suppresses the spontaneous growth of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1991; 88: 223–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron P., Limjuco G., Rodkey J., Bennett C., Schmidt J. A. Amino acid sequence analysis of human interleukin-1 (UK-1): Evidence for biochemically distinct forms of IL-1. J. Exp. Med. 1985; 162: 790–801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosley B. S., Urdal D. L., Prickett K. S., Larsen A., Cosman D., Conlon P. J., Gillis S., Dower S. K. The interleukin-1 receptor binds the human interleukin-1 alpha precursor but not the interleukin-1 beta precursor. J. Biolog. Chem. 1987; 262: 2941–2944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostura M. J., Tocci M. J., Limjuco G., Chin J., Cameron P., Hillman A. G., Chartrain N. A., Schmidt J. A. Identification of a monocyte specific pre-inter-leukin 1 beta convertase activity. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA 1989; 86: 5227–5231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black R. A., Kronheim S. R., Sleath P. R. Activation of interleukin-1 beta by a co-induced protease. FEBSLett. 1989; 247: 386–390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard A. D., Kostura M. J., Thomberry N., Ding G. J. F., Limjuco G., Weidner J., Salley J. P., Hogquist K. A., Chaplin D. D., Mumford R. A., Schmidt J. A., Tocci M. J. IL-1 converting enzyme requires as-partic acid residues for processing of the IL-⅓ precursor at two distinct sites and does not cleave to 31-kDa II-la. J. Immunol. 1989; 147: 2964–2969
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin P. R., Coffman J. A., Hood L. E., Yates J. R., III. Analysis of proteins by capillary HPLC elec-trospray tandem mass spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom-etry & lon Phys. 1991; 111: 131–149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomberry N. A., Bull H. G., Calaycay J. R., Chapman K. T., Howard A. D., Kostura M. J., Miller D. K., Mol-ineaux S. M., Weidner J. R., Aunins J., Elliston K. O., Ayala J. M., Casano F. J., Chin J., Ding G., Egger L. A., Gaffney E. P., Limjuco G., Palyha O. C., Raju S. M., Rolando A. M., Salley J. P., Yamin T., Lee T. D., Shively J. E., MacCross M., Mumford R. A., Schmidt J. A., Tocci M. J. A novel heterodimeric cys-teine protease is required for interleukin-1β processing in monocytes. Nature 1992; 356: 768–774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerretti D. P., Kozlosky C. J., Mosley B., Nelson N., Van Ness K., Greenstreet T. A., March C. J., Kronheim S. R., Druck T., Cannizzarro L. A., Huebner K., Black R. A. Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1β converting enzyme. Science 1992; 256: 97–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzler M., Talpaz M., Estrov Z., Kurzrock R. CML: Mechanisms of disease initiation and progression. Lenk. Lymph., (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Deiwel R., van Buitenen C., Salem M., Oosterom R., Touw L., Lowenberg B. Hemopoietin-1 activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on acute myeloid leukemia colony-forming cells (AML-CFU) in vitro: IL-1 induces production of tumor necrosis factor-α, which synergizes with IL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Leukemia 1990; 4: 557–560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zsebo K. M., Wypych J., McNiece I. K., Lu H. S., Smith K. A., Karkare S. B., Sachdev R. K., Yuschenkoff V. N., Birkett N. C., Williams L. R., Satyagal V. N., Tung W., Bosselman R. A., Mendiaz E. A., Lang-ley K. E. Identification, purification, and biological characterization of hematopoietic stem cell factor from buffalo rat liver-conditioned medium. Cell 1990; 63: 195–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin F. H., Suggs S. V., Langley K. E., Lu H. S., Ting J., Okino K. H., Morris C. F., McNiece I. K., Ja-cobsen F. W., Mendiaz E. A., Birkett N. C., Smith K. A., Johnson M. J., Parker V. P., Flores J. C., Patel A. C., Fisher E. F., Erjavec H. O., Herrera C. J., Wypch J., Sachdev R. K., Pope J. A., Leshe I., Wen D., Lin C. H., Cupples R. L., Zsebo K. M. Primary structure and functional expression of rat and human stem cell factor DNAs. Cell 1990; 63: 203–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zsebo K. M., Williams D. A., Geissler E. N., Broudy V. C., Martin F. H., Atkins H. L., Hsu R. Y., Birkett N. C., Okino K. H., Murdock D. C., Jacobsen F. W., Langley K. E., Smith K. A., Takeischi T., Cattanach B. M., Galli S. J., Suggs S. V. Stem cell factor is encoded at the SI locus of the mouse and is the ligand for the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor. Cell 1990; 63: 213–224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson D. M., Lyman S. D., Baird A., Wignall J. M., Eisenman J., Rauch C., March C. J., Boswell H. S., Gimpel S. D., Cosman D., Williams D. E. Molecular cloning of mast cell growth factor, a hemato-poietin that is active in both membrane bound and soluble forms. Cell 1990; 63: 235–243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nocka K., Buck J., Levi E., Besmer P. Candidate ligand for the c-kit transmembrane kinase receptor: KL, a fibroblast-derived growth factor stimulates mast cells and erythroid progenitors. EMBO J. 1990; 9: 3287–3294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte O. N. Steel locus defines new multipotent growth factor. Cell 1990; 63: 5–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews R. G., Knitter G. H., Bartelmez S. H., Langley K. E., Farrar D., Hendren R. W., Appelbaum F. R., Bernstein I. D., Zsebo K. M. Recombinant human stem cell factor, a c-kit ligand, stimulates hematopoiesis in primates. Blood 1991; 78: 1975–1980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt J., Briddell R. A., Srour E. F., Leemhuis T. B., Hoffman R. Role of c-kit ligand in the expansion of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 1992; 79: 634–641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C., Curtis J. E., Geissler E. N., McCulloch E. A., Minden M. D. The expression of the proto-on-cogene c-kit in the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1989; 3: 699–702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda H., Kanakura Y., Tamaki T., Kuriu A., Kitayama H., Ishikawa J., Kanayama Y., Yonezawa T., Tarai S., Griffin J. D. Expression and functional role of the proto-oncogene c-kit in acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. Blood 1991; 78: 2962–2968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broudy I. D., Smith F. O., Lin N., Zsebo K., Egrie J., Bernstein I. D. Recombinant human stem cell factor (rHuSCF) stimulates the growth of hematopoietic colonies from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) by binding to a specific receptor. Blood 1990; 76: 526a, (abstract)
   Google Scholar