What is Ineffective Erythropoiesis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

References

• May S.J., Smith S.A., Jacobs A., Williams A., Bailey-Wood R. The myelodysplastic syndrome: analysis of laboratory characteristics in relation to the FAB classification. Br. J. Haematol. 1985; 59: 311–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mufti G.J., Gal ton D.A.G. Myelodysplastic syndromes: Natural history and features of prognostic importance. Myelodysplastic syndromes, J.D. Griffin. W. B. Saunders Company, London Philadelphia Toronto 1986; 953–972
   Google Scholar
• Glinsmann-Gibson B., Spier C., Baier M., Taetle R., Broudy V.C., List A.F. Mast cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) restores growth of multipotent progenitors in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukaemia 1994; 8: 827–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutinho L.H., Geary C.G., Chang J., Harrison C., Testa N.G. Functional studies of bone marrow haemopoietic and stromal cells in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Br. J. Haematol. 1990; 75: 16–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner G.R., Testa N.G., Geary C.G., Dexter T.M., Muldal S., Maclver J.E., Lajtha L.G. Bone marrow culture studies in refractory cytopoenia and smouldering leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1977; 35: 251–261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oscier D., Worsley A., Darlow S., Figes A., Williams J.D., Hamblin T.J. Correlation of bone marrow colony growth in the myelodysplastic syndromes with the FAB classification and the Bournemouth score. Leuk. Rex 1989; 13: 833–839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida Y., Yoshida C., Tohyama K., Ohmori S., Ueda Y., Taniguchi Y., Uchino H. Prognosis implication of sequential bone marrow cultures in the myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk. Rex 1989; 13: 67–972
   Google Scholar
• Merchav S., Nielsen O.J., Rosenbaum H., Sharon R., Brenner B., Tatarsky I., Scigalla P., Wieczorek L. In vitro studies of erythropoietin-dependent regulation of erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukaemia 1990; 4: 771–774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawada K., Sato N., Tarumi T., Sakai N., Koizumi K., Sakurama S., Leko M., Yasoukouchi T., Koyanagawa Y., Yamaguchi M., Ohmoto A., Kohno M., Koike T. Proliferation and differentiation of myelodysplastic CD34+ cells in serum free medium; respponse to individual colony-stimulating factors. Br. J. Haematol. 1993; 83: 349–358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backx B., Broeders L., Touw I., Lowenberg B. Blast colony-forming cells in myelodysplastic syndrome: decreased potential to generate erythroid precursors. Leukaemia 1993; 7: 75–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backx B., Broeders L., Lowenberg B. Kit ligand improves in vitro erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 1992; 80: 1213–1217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwierzina H., Bammer T., Fenaux P., Schmalzl F. In vitro growth of hemopoietic progenitor cells in myelodysplastic syndromes: effect of stem cell factor, IL-6, and IL-II. Blood, 82: 374a, suppl.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg P., Ginzton M., Rajapaska R., Tong C.R., Han J.H. Apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Blood 1993; 82: 43a, suppl.
   Google Scholar
• Dormer P., Schalhorn A., Willmanns W., Hershko C. Erythroid and myeloid maturation patterns related to progenitor assessment in the myelodysplastic syndromes. Br. J. Haematol. 1987; 67: 61–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza A., Mundle S., Iftikhar A., Zhan K., Marcus B., Wright V., Adler S., Gregory S. In situ end labelling (ISEL) demonstrates that as many as > 75% cells in myelodysplastic syndromes are apoptotic. Blood 1993a; 82: 374a
   Google Scholar
• Jensen I.M., Hokland M., Hokland P. A quantitative evaluation of erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes using multiparameter flow cytometry. Leuk. Rex 1993; 17: 839–846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hast R., Reizenstein P. Studies on human preleukaemia I. Erythroblast and iron kinetics in aregenerative anaemia with hypercellular bone marrow. Scand, J. Haematol. 1977; 19: 347–354
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wickramasinghe S.N., Hughes M. Capacity of ringed sideroblasts to synthesize nucleic acids and protein in patients with primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia. Br. J. Haematol. 1978; 38: 345–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aul C., Arning M., Runde V., Schneider W. Serum erythropoietin concentration in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk. Rex 1991; 15: 571–575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs A, Janowska-Wieczorek A., Caro J., Bowen D.T., Lewis T.C. Circulating erythropoietin in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Br. J. Haematol. 1989; 73: 36–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen D.T., Culligan D., Beguin Y., Kendall R., Willis N. Estimation of effective and total erythropoiesis in myelodysplasia using serum transferrin receptor and erythropoietin concentrations with automated reticulocyte parameters. Leukaemia 1994; 8: 151–155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwierzina H., Schollenberger S., Herold M., Schmalzl F., Besemer J. Endogenous serum levels and surface receptor expression of GM-CSF and IL-3 in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk. Res. 1992; 16: 1181–1186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoef G.E.G., de Schouwer P., Ceuppens J.L., van Damme J., Goosseins W., Boogaerts M.A. Measurement of serum cytokine levels in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukaemia 1992; 6: 1268–1272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen D., Yancik S., Bennett L., Culligan D., Resser K. Serum stem cell factor concentration in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Br. J. Haematol. 1993; 85: 63–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirayama Y., Kohgo Y., Matsunaga T., Ohi S., Sakamaki S., Niitsu Y. Cytokine mRNA expression of bone marrow stromal cells from patients with aplastic anaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Br. J. Haematol. 1993; 85: 676–483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longmore G.D., Lodish H.F. An activating mutation in the murine erythropoietin receptor induces erythrolseukaemia in mice: a cytokine receptor superfamily oncogene. Cell 1991; 67: 1089–1102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittelman M., Gardyn J., Barak Y., Nir U. Structural analysis (of the Erythropoietin receptor gene in patients with myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic diseases. Blood 1993; 82: 374a, suppl.
   Google Scholar
• Papayannapoulou T., Brice M., Broudy V.C., Zsebo K.M. Isolation of c-kit receptor-expressing cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood and fetal liver functional properties and composite antigenic profile. Blood 1991; 78: 1403–1412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratajczak M.Z., Luger S.M., De Riel K., Abrahm J., Calabretta B., Gewirtz A.M. Role of the KIT protooncogene in normal and malignant human haematopoiesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992; 89: 1710–1714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreider B.L., Orkin S.H., Ihle J.N. LOSS of erythropoietin responsiveness in erythroid progenitors due to expression of the Evi-1 myeloid-transforming gene. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1993; 90: 6454–0458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herold M., Schmalzl F., Zwierzina H. Increased serum interleukin-6 levels in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk. Res. 1992; 16: 585–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith M.A., Smith M.G. The occurence subtype and significance of haemopoietic inhibitory T-cells (HIT cells) in myelodysplasia: an in vitro study. Leuk. Rex 1991; 15: 597–601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawara T., Endo K., Shishido T., Sato A., Kameoka J., Fukuhara O., Yoshinaga K. T cell-mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Am. J. Haematol. 1993; 304–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterakis G., Viniou N., Voskaridou E., Lykopoulou L., Laoutaris N., Meletis J., Yataganas X., Loukopoulos D. Reticulocyte maturation differential by the R-1000 (Sysmex) analyser in normal and abnormal haemopoiesis. Blood 1993; 82: 1819, suppl.
   Google Scholar
• Cazzola M., Barosi G., Berzuini C., Dacco M., Orlandi D., Stefanelli M., Ascari B. Quantitative evaluation of erythropoietic activity in dysmyelopoietic syndromes. Br. J. Haematol. 1982; 50: 55–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokol R.J., Hewitt S., Booker D.J. Erythrocyte autoantibodies.; autoimmune haemoloysis, and myelodysplastic syndromes. J, Clin. Pathol. 1989; 42: 1088–1091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen D., Culligan D., Jacobs A. The treatment of anaemia in the myelodysplastic syndromes. Br. J. Haematol. 1991; 77: 419–423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellstrom-Liridberg E., Birgegard G., Carlsson M., Cameskog J., Dahl I.-M., Dybedal I., Grimfors G., Merk K., Tangen J.-M., Winqvist I., Ost A. A combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin may synergistically improve the anaemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk. Lymph. 1993; 11: 221–228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoef G.E.G., Zachee P., Ferrant A., Demuynck H., Selleslag D., van Hove L., Deckers F., Boogaerts M.A. Recombinant human erythropoietin for the treatment of anaemia in the myeltdysplastic syndromes: a clinical and erythrokinetic assessment. Ann. Hematol. 1992; 64: 16–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamer A., Ottman O.G., Seipelt G., Lindemann A., Hess Geissler U., Maurer G.A., Frisch J., Schulz G., Mertelsmann R., Hoelzer D. Effect of long-term treatment with recombinant Interleukin-3 in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukaemia 1993; 7: 696–701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazzola M., Ponchio L., Beguin Y., Rosti V., Bergamaschi G., Liberato N.L., Fregoni V., Nalli G., Barosi G., Ascari E. Subcutaneous erythropoietin for treatment of refractory anaemia in haematological disorders. Results of a phase VII clinical trial. Blood 1992; 79: 29–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar