Flang (Fludarabine + Cytosine Arabinoside + Novantrone + G-CSF) Induces Partial Remission in Lymphoid Blast Transformation of Ph⁺ Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia

References

• Keating M.J., Kantarjian H.M., O'Brien S., et al. Fludarabine: a new agent with marked cytoreductive activity in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin, Oncol. 1989; 7: 1071–1080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visani G., Tosi P., Zinzani P.L., Manfroi S., Ottaviani E., Testoni N., Clavio M., Cenacchi A., Gamberi B., Carrara P., et al. FLANG (Fludarabine + high-dose cytarabine + G-CSF): an effective and tolerable protocol for the treatment of “poor risk” acute myeloid leukemias. Leukemia 1994; 8: 1842–1846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estey E., Plunkett W., Dixon D., et al. Variables predicting response to high dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in patients with refractory acute leukemia. Leukemia 1987; 1: 580–583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estey E., Plunkett W., Gandhi V., Rios M., Kantarjian H., Keating M. Fludarabine and arabinosyl cytosine therapy of refractory and relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Leuk. Lymph. 1993; 9: 343–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estey E., Kantarjian H., O'Brien S., et al. Treatment of poor prognosis newly diagnosed AML or MDS with C-CSF prior to, during and following fludarabine and ara-C (FLAG). Blood 1992; 80: 112a
   Google Scholar
• Tura S., Baccarani M., Zaccaria A. Chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 1989; 71: 169–176
   Google Scholar
• Third International Workshop on Chromosomes in Leukemia. Chromosomal abnormalities and their clinical reference in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res. 1983; 43: 868–873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tura S., Baccariani M., Zuffa E., Russo D., Fanin R., Zaccaria A., Fiacchini M., Testoni N., Zamagni M.D., Martinelli G., et al. Interferon Alfa-2a as compared with Conventional Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. The New England Journal of Medicine 1994; 330: 820–825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hehlmann R., Heimpel H., Hasford J., Kolb H.J., Pralle H., Hossfeld D.K., Queisser W., Loffler H., Heinze B., Georgii A., et al. The German CML Study Group: randomised comparison of Busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia: prolongation of survival by hydroxyurea. The German CML Study Group. Blood 1993; 82: 398–407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baccarani M., for the Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia, et al. Evaluating survival after allo-geneic bone marrow transplant for chronic myeloid leukaemia in chrionic phase: a comparison of transplant versus no-transplant in a cohort of 258 patients first seen in Italy between 1984 and 1986. Br. J. Haematol. 1993; 85: 292–299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinelli G., Gasparini P., Ambrosetti A., Battista R., Perona G., Pignatti P.F. Molecular genetic analysis of bcr breakpoint in Philadelphia chromosome rearrangements and correletion with prognosis and age of chronic myelogenus leukaemia patients. Genetics of Hematological Disorders, C.S. Bartsocas, D. Loukopoulos. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington, D.C. 1990; 185–193
   Google Scholar
• Simonsson B., Oberg G., Bjoreman M., Bjorkholm M., Gahrton G., Hast R., Killander A., Turesson I., Uden A.M., Vikrot O., Vilen L., Wahlin A., Cameskog J., Westilin J., et al. Intensive treatment in order to minimise the Ph-positive clone in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk. Lymph. 1992; 7: 55–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantarjian H.M., Walters R.L., Keating M.J., et al. Mitoxantrone and high-dose cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 1990; 65: 5–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tura S., Baccarani M., Zaccaria A. Chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 1986; 71: 169–176
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guerrasio A., Martinelli G., Ambrosetti A., Falda M., Paolino F., Rege-Cambrin F., Rosso C., Pignatti P.F., Gasparini P., Perona G., Resegotti L., Saglio G. Different suppression of the Ph1 positive hemopoiesis induced by intensive chemotherapy in lymphoid and myeloid blast crisis of CML. Haematologica 1991; 76: 126–130
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kantarjian H., Talpaz M., Gutterman J., Kontoyiannis D., Keating M., Estey E., O'Brien S., Beran M., Deisseroth A. Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in accelerated and blastic phases with danurobicin, high-dose cytosine arabinoside and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. J. Clin. Oncol. 1992; 10: 398–405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carella A.M., Gaozza E., Raffo M.R., Carlier P., Frassoni F., Valbonesi M., Lercari G., Sessarego M., Defferrari R., Guerrasio A., Saglio G., Canepa L., Gaetani G.F., Occhini D. Therapy of acute phase chronic myelogenous leukemia with intensive chemotherapy, blood cell autotransplant and cyclosporine A. Leukemia 1991; 5: 517–521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantarjian H.M., Walters R.S., Keating M.J., et al. Results of the vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone regimen in adults with standard- and high-risk acute lymphocyte leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol. 1991; 9: 994–1004
   Google Scholar
• Janossy G., Woodruff R.K., Pippard M.I., et al. Relation of “lymphoid” phenotype and response to chemotherapy incorporating vincristine-prednisolone in the acute phase of Ph1 positive leukemia. Cancer 1979; 43: 426–434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen S.L., Coleman M. Terminal phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: approaches to treatment. Cancer Invest. 1985; 3: 491–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters R.S., Kantarjian H.M., Keating M.J., Talpaz M., Childs C.C., McCredie K.B. Therapy of lymphoid and undif-ferentiated chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis with continuous vincristine and adriamycin infusion plus high-dose decadron. Cancer 1987; 60: 1708–1712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alimena G., De Cuia M.R., Diverio D., Gastaldi R., Nanni M. The karyotype of blastic crisis. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 1987; 26: 39–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi V., Plunkett W. Modulation of arabinosyl nu-cleoside metabolism by arabinosyl nucleotides in human leukemia cells. Cancer Res. 1988; 48: 329–334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi V., Nowak B., Keating M.J., et al. Modulation of arabinosyl-cytosine metabolism by arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine in lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implications for combination chemotherapy. Blood 1989; 74: 2070–2075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi V., Kemena A., Keating M.J., et al. Fludarabine potentiates arabinosyl-cytosine metabolism in lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 897–903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi V., Estey E., Keating M., et al. Fludarabine potentiates metabolism of arabinosylcytosine in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia during therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 1993; 11: 116–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalla K., Ibrado A.M., Holladay C., Bullock G. Hemopoietic growth factors (HGFs) G-CSF and IL3 improve the antileukemic selectivity of high dose Ara-C (HIDAC). Blood 1991; 78: 452a
   Google Scholar
• Centurioni R., Leoni P., Russo D., Brianzoni M.F., Montillo M., Baccarani M., Tura S. Intensive poly chemotherapy experience in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Haematologica 1989; 74: 491–493
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kantarjian H.M., Estey E.H., O'Brien S., Anaissie E., Beran M., Rios M-B., et al. Intensive chemotherapy with mitoxantrone and high-dose cytosine arabinoside followed by granuloc-tye-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of patients with acute lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 1992; 79: 876–881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carella A.M., Pollicardo N., Raffo N.R., Podesta M., Carlier P., Valboniesi M., Lercari G., Vitale V., Gallamini A., et al. Intensive conventional chemotherapy can lead to a precocious overshoot of cytogenetically normal blood stem cells (BSC) in chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1992; 6: 120–123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman J.M., Catovsky D., Hows J., Spiers A. S. D., Galton D. A. G., et al. Cryopreserved peripheral blood cells functioning as autografts in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia in transformation. Br. J. Haematol. 1979; 40: 185–195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plunkett W., Liliemark J.O., Adams T.M., et al. Saturantion of 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5′-triphosphate accumulation in leukemia cells during high dose l-β-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine therapy. Cancer Res. 1987; 97: 3005–3011
   Google Scholar
• Arlin Z., Feldman E., Kempin S., et al. Amasacrine with high-dose cytarabine is highly effective therapy for refractory and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Blood 1988; 72: 433–435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar