Excessive Proliferation Matched by Excessive Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The Cause-Effect Relationship

References

• Resegotti L. The nature and natural history of myelodysplasia. Haematologica 1993; 25: 191–204
   Google Scholar
• Raza A., Preisler H. D., Day R., Yasin Z., White L. M., Lykins J., Barcos M., Bennett J., Browman G., Goldberg J., Grunwald H., Larson R., Vogler R. Direct relationship between remission duration in acute myeloid leukemia and cell cycle kinetics. A Leukemia Intergroup Study. Blood 1990; 76: 2191–2197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijsman J. H., Jonker R. R., Keijzer R., Van de Velde C. J. H., Cornelisse C. J., Dierendonck J. H. V. A new method to detect apoptosis in paraffin sections: In situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA. Journal of' Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 1993; 41: 7–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundle S., Iftikhar A., Shetty V., Dameron S., Wright-Quinones V., Marcus B., Loew J., Gregory S., Raza A. Novel in situ double-labeling for simultaneous detection of proliferation and apoptosis. Journal of Histochemistry Cytochemistry 1994; 42: 1533–1537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza A., Mundle S., Iftikhar A., Gregory S., Marcus B., Khan Z., Alvi S., Shetty V., Dameron S., Wright V., Adler S., Loew J., Schott S., Ali N., Preisler H. Simultaneous assessment of cell kinetics and programmed cell death in bone marrow biopsies of myelodysplastics reveals extensive apoptosis as the probable basis for ineffective hematopoiesis. American Journal of Hematology 1995; 48: 143–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza A., Gezer S., Mundle S., Gao X-Z., Alvi S., Borok R., Rifkin S., Iftikhar A., Shetty V., Parcharidou A., Loew J., Marcus B., Khan Z., Chaney C., Showel J., Gregory S., Preisler H. Apoptosis in bone marrow biopsy samples involving stromal and hematopoietic cells in 50 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 1995; 86: 268–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibner U., Coutinho A. Signal antonymy: A mechanism for apoptosis induction. Cell Death & Differentiation 1994; 1: 33–37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prchal J. T., Throckmorton D. W., Carroll A. J., III, Fuson E. W., Gams R. A., Prchal J. F. A common progenitor for human myeloid and lymphoid cells. Nature 1978; 274: 590–591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskind W. H., Tirumali N., Jacobson R., Singer J., Fialkow P. J. Evidence for a multistep pathogenesis of a myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 1984; 63: 1318–1323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weimar I. S., Bourhis J-H., Gast G. C. D., Gerristen W. R. Clonality in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1993; 13: 215–221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen J. W. G., Buschle M., Layton M., Drexler H. G., Lyons J., van den Berghe H., Heimpel H., Kubanek B., Kleihauer E., Mufti G. J., Bartram C. R. Clonal analysis of myelodysplastic syndromes: Evidence of multipo-tent stem cell origin. Blood 1989; 73: 248–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Kamp H., Fibbe W. E., Jansen R. P. M., van der Keur M., deGraaff E., Willemze R., Landegent J. E. Clonal involvement of granulocytes and monocytes but not of T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells in patients with myelodysplasia: Analysis by X-linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms and polymerase chain reaction of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene. Blood 1992; 80: 1774–1780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asano H., Ohasi H., Ichihara M., Kinoshita T., Murate T., Kobayashi M., Saito H., Hotta T. Evidence for nonclonal hematopoietic progenitor cell populations in bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 1994; 84: 588–594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delforge M., Demuynck H., Vandenberghe P., Verhoef G., Zachee P., Duppen V. V., Marijnen P., van den Berghe H., Boogaerts M. A. Polyclonal primitive hematopoietic progenitors can be detected in mobilized peripheral blood from patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 1995; 86: 3660–3667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tefferi A., Thibodeau S. N., Solberg L. A., Jr. Clonal studies in the myelodysplastic syndrome using X-linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Blood 1990; 75: 1770–1773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoef G. E. G., Pittaluga S., Wolf-Peeters C. De, Boogaerts M. A. FAB classification of myelodysplastic syndromes: merits and controversies. Annuals of Hematology 1995; 71: 3–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza A., Bokahari J., Yousuf N., Mehdi A., Mazewski C., Khan S., Baker V., Lampkin B. Cell cycle kinetic studies in human cancers: Development of three DNA-specific labels in three decades. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 1991; 115: 873–879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennet J. M., Catovsky D., Flandrin D. M. T., Galton G. D. A. G., Gralnick H. R., Sultan C. Proposal for the classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes. British Journal of Haematology 1982; 51: 189–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundle S. D., Clark E., Alvi S., Venugopal P., Gezer S., Borok R., Shetty V., Chopra H., Hines C., Jassak P., Gregory S. A., Robin E., Rifkin S., Alston D., Hernandez B., Shah R., Raza A. Spontaneous apoptosis in S-phase (Signal Antonymy): A characteristic in vivo feature of myelodysplasia. Proceedings of American Society of Clinical Oncology 1996; 15(89), Abst #21
   Google Scholar
• Raza A., Mundle S., Shetty V., Alvi S., Chopra H., Dar S., Venugopal P., Borok R., Gezer S., Showel J., Robin E., Rifkin S., Alston D., Hernandez B., Gregory S. Novel insights into the biology of Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Excessive apoptosis and the role of cytokines. International Journal of Hematology 1996; 63: 265–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza A., Preisler H. D., Alvi S., Venugopal P., Gezer S., Borok R., Mundle S., Shetty V., Chopra H., Hines C., Jassak P., Gregory S. A., Robin E., Kawauchi R., Rifkin S., Alston D., Hernandez B., Shah R. The dual role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the pathogenesis of 89 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Proceedings of American Association of Cancer Research 1996; 31(191), Abst #1306
   Google Scholar
• Raza A., Gezer S., Gregory S. A., Showel J., Venugopal P., Hines C., Thomas R., Alvi S., Mundle S. D., Shetty V., Borok R., Robin E. U, Rifkin S. D., Alston D., Hernandez B. M., Shah R. Anti-cytokine therapy produces modest responses in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Submitted to the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology, Orlando, Florida, 1996
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg P. Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with hemopoietic growth factors. Seminars in Oncology 1992; 19: 106–114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganser A., Hoezler D. Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with hematopoietic growth factors. Hematology Oncology Clinics of North America 1992; 6: 633–653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negrin R. S., Stein R., Vardiman J., Doherty K., Cornwell J., Krantz S., Greenberg P. L. Treatment of the anemia of myelodysplastic syndromes using recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in combination with erythropoietin. Blood 1993; 82: 737–743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza A., Alvi S., Venugopal P., Gezer S., Borok R., Mundle S., Shetty V., Chopra H., Hines C., Jassak P., Gregory S. A., Robin E., Rifkin S., Alston D., Hernandez B., Shah R. Effects of Pentoxifylline/Ciprofloxacin on cytokines, apoptosis and cell cycle in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Proceedings of American Society of ClinicaI Oncology 1996; 15(449), Abst #1404
   Google Scholar