High Serum Interleukin-6 Levels Correlate with a Shorter Failure-Free Survival in Indolent Lymphoma

References

• Van Snick J. Interleukin-6: An overview. Annu Rev Immunol 1990; 8: 253–278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishimoto T. The biology of interleukin-6. Blood 1989; 74: 1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrich P.C, Castell J.V., Andus T. Interleukin-6 and the acute phase response. Biochem J 1990; 265: 621–636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yee C.Y., Biondi A., Wang X.H., Iscovenn N., deSousa J., Aarden L.A., Wong G.G., Clark S.C, Messner H.A., Minden M.D. A possible autocrine role for Interleukin-6 in two lymphoma cell lines. Blood 1989; 74: 798–804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang H., Jamal N., Wang X.-H., Minden M.D., Messner H.A. Constitutive production of the IL-5 and IL-6 by the lymphoma cell line OCI-Ly 17 derived from a patient with malignant lymphoma and hypereosinophilia. Leuk Lymphoma 1992; 8: 97–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeshita M., Sumiyoshi Y., Masuda Y., Ohshima K., Yoshida T., Kikuchi M., Muller H. Cytokine (Interleukin-1 alpha, Interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and Interleukin-6)-possessing cells in lymph nodes of malignant lymphoma. Pathol Res Pract 1993; 189: 18–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu S.-M., Xie S.-S., Waldron J.A., Jr. Functional heterogeneity and pathogenic significance of Interleukin-6 in B-cell lymphomas. Am J Pathol 1992; 141: 915–923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman G.J., Freeman A.S., Rabinowe S.N., Segil J.M., Horowitz J., Rosen K., Whitman J.M., Nadler L.M. Interleukin-6 gene expression in normal and neoplastic B cells. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 1512–1518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller H., Takeshita M., Krause J., Schuster K., Kikushi M., Stutle H.J. Immunohistochemical in situ demonstration of cytokines in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Verb Dtsch Ges Pathol 1992; 76: 164–168
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pluda J.M., Venzon D.J., Tosato G., Lietzan J., Wyvill X., Nelson D.L., Jaffe E.S., Karp J.E., Broder S., Yarchoan R. Parameters affecting the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with severe immunodeficiency virus infection receiving antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 1099–1107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scala G., Quinto I., Ruocco M.R., Arcucci A., Mallardo M., Laretto P., Foresi G., Venuta S. Expression of an exogenous interleukin-6 gene in human Epstein-Barr virus B cells confers growth advantage and tumorigenicity. J Exp Med 1990; 172: 61–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodroofe C, Muller W., Ruther U. Long-term consequences of interleukin-6 overexpression in transgenic mice. DNA Cell Biol 1992; 587–592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosato G., Jones K., Breinig M.K., McWilliams H.P., McKnight J.L.C. Interleukin-6 production in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 2806–2814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour J.F., Talpaz M., Cabanillas F., Wetzler M., Kurzrock R. Serum Interleukin-6 levels correlate with prognosis in diffuse large-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 575–582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preti A.H., Cabanillas F., Talpaz M., Tucker S., Seymour J., Kurzrock R. Prognostic value of serum interleukin-6 in diffuse large cell lymphoma. Ann Int Med, In Press
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gause A., Scholz R., Klein S., Jung W., Diehl B., Tesch H., Hasenclever D., Pfreundschuh M. Increased levels of circulating interleukin-6 in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Hematol Oncol 1991; 9: 307–313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurzrock R., Redman J., Cabanillas F., Jones D., Rothberg J., Talpaz M. Serum interleukin-6 levels are elevated in lymphoma patients and correlate with survival in advanced Hodgkin's disease and with B symptoms. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 2118–2122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour J.F., Talpaz M., Hagemeister F.B., Cabanillas F., Kurzrock R. Clinical correlates of elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 in patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease. Am J Med 1997; 102: 21–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blay J.Y., Negrier S., Combaret V., Attali S., Goillot E., Merrouche Y., Mercatello A., Ravault A., Tourani J.M., Moskovtchenko J.E., Philip T., Favrot M. Serum levels of interleukin-6 as a prognostic factor in metastatic renal carcinoma. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 3317–33322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twillie D.A., Eisenberger M.A., Carducce M.A., Hseih W.-S., Kim W.Y., Simons J.W. Interleukin-6: A candidate mediator of human prostate cancer morbidity. Urology 1995; 45: 542–549
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berek J.S., Chung C, Kaldi K., Watson J.M., Knox R.M., Martinez-Maza O. Serum interleukin-6 levels correlate with disease status in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Am JObGyn 1991; 164: 1038–1043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig H., Nachbaur D.M., Fritz E., Krainer M., Huber H. Interleukin-6 is a prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Blood 1991; 77: 1794–2795
   Google Scholar
• Nachbaur D.M., Herald M., Maneschg A., Huber H. Serum levels of interleukin-6 in multiple myeloma and other hematological disorders: Correlation with disease activity and other prognostic parameters. Ann Hematol 1991; 62: 54–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan El., Meier P. Non-parametric estimation from incomplete observations. J AM Stat Assoc 1958; 53: 457–481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehan E.A. A generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing arbitrary singly censored samples. Biometrika 1965; 52: 203–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snedecor G.W., Cochran W.G. Statistical Methods, 7th ed. Iowa State University, Ames, IA 1980
   Google Scholar
• Altman D.G. Practical statistics for medical research, 1st ed. Chapman & Hall, London 1991
   Google Scholar
• Horning S.J., Rosenberg S.A. The natural history of untreated low-grade non Hodgkin's lymphomas. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 1471–1475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg S.A. Validity of Ann Arbor staging of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Cancer Treat Rep 1977; 61: 1023–1027
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ciampi A., Bush R.S., Gospodarowitz M., Till J.E. An approach to classifying prognostic factors related to survival: Experience for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patient based on a series of 982 patients: 1967-1975. Cancer 1981; 46: 621–627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gospodarowitz M., Bush R.S., Brown T.C. Prognostic factors in the nodular lymphomas: a multivariate analysis based on the Princess Margaret experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1984; 10: 489–497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steward W., Crowther D., McWilliam L.J., Jones J.M., Deakin D.P., Todd I.D., Blackledge G., Wagstaff J., Scarffe J.H., Harris M. Maintenance chlorambucil after CVP in the management of advance stage, low grade histological type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer 1988; 61: 441–447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudders R.A., Kaddis M., Delellis L.A., Casey H., Jr. Nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Factor influencing prognosis and indications for aggressive treatment. Cancer 1979; 43: 1643–1651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield C.D., McKenna R.W., Brunning R.D. Significance of haematological parameters in the non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. Cancer 1974; 33: 870–879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin P., Fuller L.M., Velasquez W.S., Butler J.J., Hagemeister F.B., Sullivan-Halley J.A., Dixon D.O. Stage III follicular lymphoma: Durable remissions with a combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy regimen. J Clin Oncol 1987; 5: 867–874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romaguera J.E., McLaughlin P., North L., Dixon D., Silvermintz K.B., Garnsey L.A., Velasquez W.S., Hagemeister F.B., Cabanillas F. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in stage IV follicular low-grade lymphomas: A risk model. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9: 762–769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litam P., Swan F., Cabanillas F., Tucker S.L., McLaughlin P., Hagemeister F.B., Rodriguez M.A., Velasques W.S. Prognostic value of serum b-2 microglobulin in low-grade lymphoma. Ann Int Med 1991; 114: 855–860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers R., McLaughlin P., Sullivan J., Cabanillas F. Prognostic factors in stage IV nodular lymphoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1983; 2: HI, abstr
   Google Scholar
• Stasi R., Conforti M., Del Poeta G., Simone M.D., Coppetelli U., Tribalto M., Cantonetti M., Perrotti A., Venditti A., Papa G. Soluble factors levels in the initial staging of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Haematologica 1992; 77: 18–21
   Google Scholar
• Yee C, Sutcliffe S., Messner H.A., Minden M.D. Interleukin-6 levels in the plasma of patients with lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 1992; 7: 123–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stasi R., Stipa E., Masi M., Oliva F., Sciarra A., Perrotti A., Olivieri M., Zaccari G., Gandolfo G.M., Galli M., et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies: Prevalence, clinical significance and correlation to cytokine levels in acute myelogenous leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thromb Haemost 1993; 70: 568–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emilie D., Devergne O., Raphael M., Coumbaras C.J., Galanaud D. Production of interleukin-6 in high-grade B lymphomas. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1992; 182: 349–355
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emilie D., Coumbaras J., Raphael M., Devergne O., Delechse H.J., Gissebrecht C, Michiels J.F., Van Damme J., Taga T., Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6 production in high-grade B lymphomas. Correlation with the presence of malignant immunoblast in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients. Blood 1992; 80: 498–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strassman G., Fong M., Kenney J.S., Jacob C.O. Evidence for the involvement of interleukin 6 in experimental cancer cachexia. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 1681–1684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black K., Garrett J.R., Mundy G.R. Chinese hamster ovarian cells transfected with the murine interleukin-6 gene cause hypercalcemia as well as cachexia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in tumor-bearing nude mice. Endocrinology 1991; 128: 2657–2659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni K., O'Neill H.C. Proliferation of the BCL1 B cell lymphoma induced by IL-4 and IL-5 is dependent on IL-6 and GM-CSF. Immunol Cell Biol 1992; 70: 315–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu S., Hirano T., Yoshioka R., Sugai S., Matsuda T., Taga T., Kishimoto T., Konda S. Interleukin-6 (B-cell stimulatory factor-2)-dependent growth of a Lennert's lymphoma-derived T-cell line (KT-3). Blood 1988; 72: 1826–1828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May L.T., Helfgott D.C., Sehgal P.B. Anti-β interferon antibodies inhibit the increased expression of HLA-B7 mRNA in tumor necrosis factor-treated human fibroblasts: Structural studies in the β2 interferon Involved. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 8957–8961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dansky Ullmann C, Sclom J., Greiner J.W. In vitro regulation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and class I HLA expression in human colon xenografts by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the possible role of intrinsic interferon-induction. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1993; 34: 454, abstr 2710
   Google Scholar
• The International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factor Project. A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 987–994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar