1,626
Views
57
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Use of stains to detect fingermarks

, , &
Pages 140-160 | Accepted 28 Sep 2009, Published online: 02 Feb 2010

References

  • Adcock JM (1977) The development of latent fingerprints on human skin: the silver plate method. J. Forensic Sci. 22: 599–605.
  • Allman DS, Pounds CA (1991) Diaminobenzidine: a simple, safe and sensitive method for the enhancement of blood marks at scene of crime and in the laboratory. Central Research and Support Establishment. Aldermaston, UK Home Office Forensic Science Service.
  • Allman DS, Pounds CA (1992) The specificity of diaminobenzidine for the detection of blood. Home Office Forensic Science Service. Aldermaston, UK, Central Research and Support Establishment.
  • Almog J (2001) Fingerprint development by ninhydrin and its analogues. Lee HC, Gaensslen RE., Advances in Fingerprint Technology, 2nd. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 177–209.
  • Almog J, Cohen Y, Azoury M, Hahn T-R (2004) Genipin, a novel fingerprint reagent with colorimetric and fluorogenic activity. J. Forensic Sci. 49: 255–257.
  • Almog J, Hirshfeld A, Franck A, Grant Z, Ittah Y (1992) 5-Methylthio-ninhydrin and related compounds: a novel class of fluorogenic fingerprint reagents. J. Forensic Sci. 37: 688–694.
  • Almog J, Hirshfeld A, Klug JT (1982) Reagents for the chemical development of latent fingerprints: synthesis and properties of some ninhydrin analogues. J. Forensic Sci. 27: 912–917.
  • Almog J, Sears VG, Springer E, Hewlett DF, Walker S, Wiesner S, Lidor R, Bahar E (2000) Reagents for the chemical development of latent fingerprints: scope and limitations of benzo[f]ninhydrin in comparison to ninhydrin. J. Forensic Sci. 45: 538–544.
  • Angst E (1962) Procédés pour la détermination de l’âge d'empreintes dactyloscopiques sur le papier. RICPTS 16: 134–146.
  • Arndt CB (1985) Iodine silver plate transfer method. RCMP Gazette 47: 19–21.
  • Arriagada FJ, Osseo-Asare K (1999) Controlled hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in a nonionic water-in-oil microemulsion: a statistical model of silica nucleation. Coll. Sur. A 154: 311–326.
  • Aubert P (1877–1878) Des modifications subies par la sécrétion de la sueur dans les maladies de la peau. Ann. Derm. Syphiligraph. 9: 359–373.
  • Bagwe RP, Yang C, Hilliard LR, Tan W (2004) Optimization of dye-doped silica nanoparticles prepared using a reverse microemulsion method. Langmuir 20: 8336–8342.
  • Bagwe RP, Zhao X, Tan W (2003) Bioconjugated luminescent nanoparticles for biological applications. J. Disper. Sci. Technol. 24: 453–464.
  • Bawendi MG, Steigerwald ML, Brus LE (1990) The quantum mechanics of larger semiconductor clusters (“quantum dots”). Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 41: 477–496.
  • Beaudoin A (2004) New technique for revealing latent fingerprints on wet, porous surfaces: oil red O. J. Forensic Ident. 54: 413–420.
  • Becue A, Moret S, Champod C, Margot PA (2009) Use of quantum dots in aqueous solution to detect blood fingermarks on nonporous surfaces. Forensic Sci. Internat. 191: 36–41.
  • Becue A, Scoundrianos A, Champod C, Margot P (2008) Fingermark detection based on the in situ growth of luminescent nanoparticles - towards a new generation of multimetal deposition. Forensic Sci. Internat. 179: 39–43.
  • Bergeron J (2003) Development of bloody prints on dark surfaces with titanium dioxide and methanol. J. Forensic Ident. 53: 149–161.
  • Bicknell DE, Ramotowski RS (2008) Use of an optimized 1,2-indanedione process for the development of latent prints. J. Forensic Sci. 53: 1108–1116.
  • Blackledge RD (1998) Re: “latent print processing by the ruthenium tetroxide method” [letter plus editor's reply]. J. Forensic Ident. 48: 557–559.
  • Bouldin KK, Menzel RE, Takatsu M, Murdock RH (2000) Diimide-enhanced fingerprint detection with photoluminescent CdS/dendrimer nanocomposite. J. Forensic Sci. 45: 1239–1242.
  • Brennan J, Bramble S, Crabtree S, Wrignt G (1995) Fuming of latent fingerprints using dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde. J. Forensic Ident. 45: 373–380.
  • Bruchez M, Moronne M, Gin P, Weiss S, Alivisatos AP (1998) Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels. Science 281: 2013–2016.
  • Bukowski TJ, Simmons JH (2002) Quantum dot research: current state and future prospects. Crit. Rev. Solid State 27: 119–142.
  • Caldwell JP, Henderson W, Kim ND (2000) ABTS: A safe alternative to DAB for the enhancement of blood fingerprints. J. Forensic Sci. 45: 785–794.
  • Cantu AA (2001) Silver physical developers for the visualization of latent prints on paper. Forensic Sci. Rev. 13: 32–64.
  • Cantu AA, Johnson JL (2001) Silver physical development of latent prints. Lee HC, Gaensslen RE, Advances in Fingerprint Technology, 2nd. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 242–247, 254.
  • Champod C, Lennard C, Margot P, Stoilovic M (2004) Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.
  • Cheeseman R, DiMeo LA (1995) Fluorescein as a field-worthy latent bloodstain detection system. J. Forensic Ident. 45: 631–646.
  • Choi MJ, McBean KE, Ng PHR, McDonagh AM, Maynard PJ, Lennard C, Roux C (2008a) An evaluation of nanostructured zinc oxide as a fluorescent powder for fingerprint detection. J. Mater. Sci. 43: 732–737.
  • Choi MJ, McDonagh AM, Maynard P, Roux C (2008b) Metal-containing nanoparticles and nano-structured particles in fingermark detection. Forensic Sci. Int. 179: 87–97.
  • Choi MJ, McDonagh AM, Maynard PJ, Wuhrer R, Lennard C, Roux C (2006) Preparation and evaluation of metal nanopowders for the detection of fingermarks on nonporous surfaces. J. Forensic Ident. 56: 756–768.
  • Choi MJ, Smoother T, Martin AA, McDonagh AM, Maynard PJ, Lennard C, Roux C (2007) Fluorescent TiO2 powders prepared using a new perylene diimide dye: Applications in latent fingermark detection. Forensic Sci. Int. 173: 154–160.
  • Coulier M (1863) Les vapeurs d'iode employées comme moyen de reconnaître l'altération des écritures. Figuier L, L'année scientifique et industrielle - huitième année. Hachette, Paris. 157–160.
  • Cucè P, Polimeni G, Lazzaro AP, De Fulvio G (2004) Small particle reagents technique can help to point out wet latent fingerprints. Forensic Sci. Int. 146S: S7–S8.
  • Dalrymple BE, Duff JM, Menzel ER (1977) Inherent fingerprint luminescence — detection by laser. J. Forensic Sci. 22: 106–115.
  • Day KJ, Bowker W (1996) Enhancement of cyanoacrylate developed latent prints using Nile red. J. Forensic Ident. 46: 183–187.
  • Dilag J, Kobus H, Ellis AV (2009) Cadmium sulfide quantum dot/chitosan nanocomposites for latent fingermark detection. Forensic Sci. Int. 187: 97–102.
  • Drapel V, Becue A, Champod C, Margot P (2009) Identification of promising antigenic components in latent fingermark residues. Forensic Sci. Int. 184: 47–53.
  • Durussel P, Stauffer E, Becue A, Champod C, Margot P (2009) Single-metal deposition: Optimization of this fingermark enhancement technique. J. Forensic Ident. 59: 80–96.
  • Frank A, Almog J (1993) Modified SPR for latent fingerprint development on wet, dark objects. J. Forensic. Ident. 43: 240–244.
  • Frens G (1973) Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold suspensions. Nat. Phys. Sci. 241: 20–22.
  • Gardner SJ, Hewlett DF (2003) Optimization and initial evaluation of 1,2-indandione as a reagent for fingerprint detection. J. Forensic Sci. 48: 1288–1292.
  • Goode GC, Morris JR (1983) Latent fingerprints: a review of their origin, composition and methods for detection. Atomic Weapons Research Establishment Report no. 022/83, Aldermaston, UK.
  • Gray C (1978) The detection and persistence of latent fingerprints on human skin: an assessment of the iodine-silver plate method. J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 18: 47–52.
  • Grigg R, Malone JF, Mongkolaussavaratana T, Thianpatanagul S (1986) Cycloaddition reactions relevant to the mechanism of the ninhydrin reaction: X-ray crystal structure of protonated Ruhemann's purple, a stable 1,3-dipole. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 5: 421–422.
  • Grigg R, Mongkolaussavaratana T, Pounds CA, Sivagnanam S (1990) 1,8-diazafluorenone and related compounds - a new reagent for the detection of alpha amino acids and latent fingerprints. Tetrahedron Lett. 31: 7215–7218.
  • Grzegorzewska E, Filbrandt B (2004) Enhancement of latent fingermarks with RTX method. Prob. Kryminal. 246: 19–24.
  • Guigui K, Beaudoin A (2007) The use of oil red O in sequence with other methods of fingerprint development. J. Forensic Ident. 57: 550–581.
  • Hansen DB, Joullié MM (2005) The development of novel ninhydrin analogues. Chem. Soc. Rev. 34: 408–417.
  • Haque F, Westland A, Kerr FM (1983) An improved non-destructive method for detection of latent fingerprints on documents with iodine-7,8-benzoflavone. Forensic Sci. Int. 21: 79–83.
  • Hart A (2003) The detection and development of fingerprints with lipid dyes, 5th International Fingerprint Research Group Meeting. St Albans, UK.
  • Home Office Scientific Development Branch (2005) Solvent black 3 for scenes of crime. HOSDB Fingerprint Development and Imaging Newsletter Publication No.20/05: 2–3.
  • Home Office Scientific Development Branch (2006) Use of DMAC on thermal papers. HOSDB Fingerprint and Footwear Forensics Newsletter Publication No.58/06: 2–4.
  • Horobin RW (1988) Understanding histochemistry: Selection, Evaluation and Design of biological Stains. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England. 26–27, 159–160.
  • Hughes JG (1993) Under the COSHH. Fingerprint Whorld 19: 4.
  • Hussain JI, Pounds CA (1988) The enhancement of marks in blood, part 1, 5- sulphosalicylic acid: a convenient and effective fixative for marks made in blood. Technical CRSE Aldermaston, UK, Central Research and Support Establishment. No. 649.
  • James JD, Pounds CA, Wilshire B (1991a) Flake metal powders for revealing latent fingerprint. J. Forensic Sci. 36: 1368–1375.
  • James JD, Pounds CA, Wilshire B (1991b) Magnetic flake fingerprint technology. J. Forensic Ident. 41: 237–247.
  • James JD, Pounds CA, Wilshire B (1992) New magnetic applicators and magnetic flake powders for revealing latent fingerprints. J. Forensic Ident. 42: 531–542.
  • James JD, Pounds CA, Wilshire B (1993) Magnetic flake powders for fingerprint development. J. Forensic Sci. 38: 391–401.
  • Jasuja OP, Singh GD, Sodhi GS (2008) Small particle reagents: development of fluorescent variants. Sci. Just. 48: 141–145.
  • Jelly R, Lewis SW, Lennard C, Lim KF, Almog J (2008) Lawsone: a novel reagent for the detection of latent fingermarks on paper surfaces. Chem. Commun. 30: 3513–3515.
  • Johnston APR, Battersby BJ, Lawrie GA, Trau M (2005) Porous functionalised silica particles: a potential platform for biomolecular screening. Chem. Commun. 7: 848–850.
  • Joullié MM, Ramotowski RS, Cantu AA (1998) 1,2-Indanediones: new reagents for visualizing the amino acid components of latent prints. J. Forensic Sci. 43: 744–747.
  • Joullié MM, Thompson TR, Nemeroff NH (1991) Ninhydrin and ninhydrin analogs: synthesis and applications. Tetrahedron Lett. 47: 8791–8830.
  • Kasper SP, Minnillo DJ, Rockhold AM (2002) Validating IND (1,2-indanedione). Forensic Sci. Comm. 4: 4.
  • Kaur J (2006) Novel fluorescent fingerprint dusting compositions. Fingerprint Whorld 33: 20–24.
  • Kobus HJ, Stoilovic M, Warrener RN (1983) Simple luminescent post-ninhydrin treatment for the improved visualisation of fingerprints on documents in cases where ninhydrin alone gives poor results. Forensic Sci. Int. 22: 161–170.
  • Królikowska A, Bukowska J (2007) Self-assembled monolayers of mercaptosuccinic acid on silver and gold surfaces designed for protein binding. Part I: Structure of the monolayer. J. Raman Spectros. 38: 936–942.
  • Lamothe PJ, McCormick PG (1972) Influence of acidity on the reaction of ninhydrin with amino acids. Anal. Chem. 44: 821–825.
  • Lee HC (1984) Benzidine or o-tolidine. Identification News 34: 13–14.
  • Lee HC, Gaensslen RE (1984) Cyanoacrylate fuming - theory and procedures. Identification News 34: 8–14.
  • Lee HC, Gaensslen RE (2001) Methods of latent fingerprint development. Lee HC, Gaensslen RE. Advances in Fingerprint Technology, 2nd. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 216–276.
  • Lee S-W, Lim J-M, Bhoo S-H, Paik Y-S, Hahn T-R (2003) Colorimetric determination of amino acids using genipin from gardenia jasminoides. Anal. Chim. Acta 480: 267–274.
  • Leggett R, Lee-Smith EE, Jickells SM, Russell DA (2007) “Intelligent” fingerprinting: simultaneous identification of drug metabolites and individuals by using antibody-functionalized nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46: 4100–4103.
  • Lennard CJ, Margot PA, Sterns M, Warrener RN (1987) Photoluminescent enhancement of ninhydrin developed fingerprints by metal complexations: structural studies of complexes formed between Ruhemann's purple and group IIb metal salts. J. Forensic Sci. 32: 597–605.
  • Lennard CJ, Margot PA, Stoilovic M, Warrener RN (1986) Synthesis of ninhydrin analogues and their application to fingerprint development: preliminary results. J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 26: 323–328.
  • Lennard CJ, Margot PA, Stoilovic M, Warrener RN (1988) Synthesis and evaluation of ninhydrin analogues as reagents for the development of latent fingerprints on paper surfaces. J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 28: 3–23.
  • Levinton-Shamuilov G, Cohen Y, Azoury M, Chaikovsky A, Almog J (2005) Genipin, a novel fingerprint reagent with colorimetric and fluorogenic activity. Part II: Optimization, scope and limitations. J. Forensic Sci. 50: 1367–1371.
  • Lewis LA, Smithwick RWI, Devault GL, Bolinger B, Lewis SAS (2001) Processes involved in the development of latent fingerprints using the cyanoacrylate fuming method. J. Forensic Sci. 46: 241–246.
  • Lock ERA, Mazzella WD, Margot PA (1995) A new europium chelate as a fluorescent dye for cyanoacrylate pretreated fingerprints - EuTTAPhen: europium thenoyltrifluoro-acetone ortho-phenanthroline. J. Forensic Sci. 40: 354–358.
  • Mankidy PJ, Rajagopalan R, Foley HC (2006) Facile catalytic growth of cyanoacrylate nanofibers. Chem. Commun. 10: 1139–1141.
  • Marchant B, Tague C (2007) Developing fingerprints in blood: a comparison of several chemical techniques. J. Forensic Ident. 57: 76–93.
  • Mashiko K, German ER, Motojima K, Colman CD (1991) RTX: a new ruthenium tetroxide fuming procedure. J. Forensic Ident. 41: 429–436.
  • Mashiko K, Miyamoto T (1998) Latent fingerprint processing by the ruthenium tetroxide. J. Forensic Ident. 48: 279–290.
  • Mashito K, Makoto I (1977) Latent fingerprint processing: iodine 7,8 benzoflavone method. Identification News 27: 3.
  • Mazzella WD, Lennard C (1995) An additional study of cyanoacrylate stains. J. Forensic Ident. 45: 5–18.
  • McCarthy MM (1990) Evaluation of Ardrox as a luminescent stain for cyanoacrylate processed latent impressions. J. Forensic Ident. 40: 75–80.
  • McComiskey P (1990) DFO: a simple and quick method for the development of latent fingerprints. Fingerprint Whorld 16: 64–65.
  • Medintz IL, Uyeda HT, Goldman ER, Mattoussi H (2005) Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging, labelling and sensing. Nat. Mater. 4: 435–446.
  • Menzel ER (1999) Fingerprint Detection with Lasers, 2nd. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 156–161.
  • Menzel RE, Savoy SM, J. US, Cheng KH, Murdock RH, Sudduth MR (2000a) Photoluminescence semiconductor nanocrystals for fingerprint detection. J. Forensic Sci. 45: 545–551.
  • Menzel RE, Takatsu M, Murdock RH, Bouldin K, Cheng KH (2000b) Photoluminescent CdS / dendrimer nanocomposites for fingerprint detection. J. Forensic Sci. 45: 770–773.
  • Michalet X, Pinaud FF, Bentolila LA, Tsay JM, Doose S, Li JJ, Sundaresan G, Wu AM, Gambhir SS, Weiss S (2005) Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics. Science 307: 538–544.
  • Murcia MJ, Naumann CA (2005) Biofunctionalization of fluorescent nanoparticles. Biofunctionalization of nanomaterials. Kumar CSSR. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. 1–40.
  • Murray CB, Norris DJ, Bawendi MG (1993) Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E▽S, Se, Te) semiconductor nanocrystallites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115: 8706–8715.
  • Navarro E, Castelló A, López-Alfaro JA, Verdú F (2006) Criminalistic: effectiveness of lysochromes on the developing of invisible lipstick-contaminated lipmarks on human skin: a preliminary study. Forensic Sci. Int. 158: 9–13.
  • Nygren H, Tengvall P, Lundström I (1997) The initial reactions of TiO2 with blood. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 34: 487–492.
  • Odén S, Von Hofsten B (1954) Detection of fingerprints by the ninhydrin reaction. Nature 173: 449–450.
  • Olenik JH (1992) Ardrox: an alternate solvent system. J. Forensic Ident. 42: 513–516.
  • Olenik JH (1997) A simple three dye blend. J. Forensic Ident. 47: 530–533.
  • Olsen RD (1978) Scott's Fingerprint Mechanics, Springfield, IL. 291–302, 308–309.
  • Petraco NDK, Proni G, Jackiw JJ, Sapse A-M (2006) Amino acid alanine reactivity with the fingerprint reagent ninhydrin. A detailed ab initio computational study. J. Forensic Sci. 51: 1267–1275.
  • Pfister R (1985) The optical revelation of latent fingerprints. Fingerprint Whorld 10: 64–70.
  • Pounds CA, Griggs R, Mongkolaussavaratana T (1990) The use of 1,8-diazafluoren- 9-one (DFO) for the fluorescent detection of latent fingerprints on paper: a preliminary evaluation. J. Forensic Sci. 35: 169–175.
  • Ramotowski RS (1996) Fluorescence visualization of latent fingerprints on paper using p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (pDMAC). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fingerprint Detection and Identification, Ne'urim, Israel.
  • Ramotowski RS (2001) Composition of latent print residue. Lee HC, Gaensslen RE. Advances in Fingerprint Technology, 2nd. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 63–104.
  • Rawji A, Beaudoin A (2006) Oil red O versus physical developer on wet papers: a comparative study. J. Foensic. Ident. 56: 33–54.
  • Reiss RA (1903) La photographie Judiciaire. C. Mendel, Paris. 60.
  • Reiss RA (1911) Manuel de Police Scientifique (Technique) - I. Vols et Homicides. Felix Alcan, Paris. 423–425.
  • Resch-Genger U, Grabolle M, Cavaliere-Jaricot S, Nitschke R, Nann T (2008) Quantum dots versus organic dyes as fluorescent labels. Nat. Methods 5: 763–775.
  • Roux C, Jones N, Lennard C, Stoilovic M (2000) Evaluation of 1,2-indanedione and 5,6-dimethoxy-1,2-indanedione for the detection of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces. J. Forensic Sci. 45: 761–769.
  • Russell S, John G, Naccarato S (2008) Modifications to the 1,2-indanedione/zinc chloride formula for latent print development. J. Forensic Ident. 58: 182–192.
  • Saferstein R, Graf SL (2001) Evaluation of a reflected ultraviolet imaging system for fingerprint detection. J. Forensic Ident. 51: 385–393.
  • Sahs PT (1992) DAB: an advancement in blood print detection. J. Forensic Ident. 42: 412–420.
  • Saitoh N, Akiba N (2005) Ultraviolet fluorescence spectra of fingerprints. Sci. World J. 5: 355–366.
  • Saitoh N, Akiba N (2006) Ultraviolet fluorescence imaging of fingerprints. Sci. World J. 6: 691–699.
  • Sametband M, Shweky I, Banin U, Mandler D, Almog J (2007) Application of nanoparticles for the enhancement of latent fingerprints. Chem. Commun. 11: 1142–1144.
  • Santra S, Wang K, Tapec R, Tan W (2001) Development of novel dye-doped silica nanoparticles for biomarker application. J. Biomed. Opt. 6: 160–166.
  • Sasson Y, Almog J (1978) Chemical reagents for the development of latent fingerprints, 1. Scope and limitations of the reagent 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde. J. Forensic Sci. 23: 852–855.
  • Saunders G (1989) Multimetal deposition method for latent fingerprint development. 74th Annual Educational Conference of the International Association for Identification, Pensacola, FL.
  • Schnetz B, Margot P (2001) Technical note: latent fingermarks, colloidal gold and multimetal deposition (MMD) - optimisation of the method. Forensic Sci. Int. 118: 21–28.
  • Sears VG, Butcher CPG, Fitzgerald LA (2005) Enhancement of fingerprints in blood - part 3. Reactive techniques, acid yellow 7, and process sequences. J. Forensic Ident. 55: 741–763.
  • Sears VG, Butcher CPG, Prizeman TM (2001) Enhancement of fingerprints in blood - part 2. Protein dyes. J. Forensic Ident. 51: 28–38.
  • Sears VG, Prizeman TM (2000) Enhancement of fingerprints in blood - part 1. The optimization of amido black. J. Forensic Ident. 50: 470–480.
  • Slot JW, Geuze HJ (1981) Sizing of protein A-colloidal gold probes for immunoelectron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 90: 533–536.
  • Sodhi GS, Kaur J (2001) Powder method for detecting latent fingerprints: a review. Forensic Sci. Int. 120: 172–176.
  • Sodhi GS, Kaur J (2004) A fingerprint powder formulation involving cyano blue dye. Fingerprint Whorld 30: 163.
  • Sodhi GS, Kaur J (2005) Proflavin-based fingerprint dusting composition. Fingerprint Whorld 31: 239.
  • Spindler X, Stoilovic M, Lennard C, Lennard A (2009) Spectral variations for reaction products formed between different amino acids and latent fingermark detection reagents on a range of cellulose-based substrates. J. Foensic. Ident. 59: 308–324.
  • Springer E, Almog J, Frank A, Ziv Z, Bergman P, Gui Qiang W (1994) Detection of dry body fluids by inherent short wavelength UV luminescence. Forensic Sci. Int. 66: 164–168.
  • Springer E, Bergman P (1995) A fluorescent small particle reagent (SPR). J. Forensic Ident. 45: 164–168.
  • Stauffer E, Becue A, Singh KV, Thampi KR, Champod C, Margot P (2007) Single-metal deposition (SMD) as a latent fingermark enhancement technique: an alternative to multimetal deposition (MMD). Forensic Sci. Int. 168: e5–e9.
  • Stöber W, Fink A (1968) Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range. J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 26: 62–69.
  • Stoilovic M (1991) Detection of semen and blood stains using Polilight as a light source. Forensic Sci. Int. 51: 289–296.
  • Stoilovic M, Kobus HJ, Margot PA, Warrener RN (1986) Improved enhancement of ninhydrin developed fingerprints by cadmium complexation using low temperature photoluminescence techniques. J. Forensic Sci. 31: 432–445.
  • Stoilovic M, Lennard C, Wallace-Kunkel C, Roux C (2007) Evaluation of a 1,2-indanedione formulation containing zinc chloride for improved fingermark detection on paper. J. Forensic Ident. 57: 4–18.
  • Sturelle V, Cominotti C, Henrot D, Desbrosse X (2006) The use of camphor in the development of latent prints on unfired cartridge casings. J. Forensic Ident. 56: 694–705.
  • Tan W, Wang K, He X, Zhao XJ, Drake T, Wang L, Bagwe RP (2004) Bionanotechnology based on silica nanoparticles. Med. Res. Rev. 24: 621–638.
  • Tapec R, Zhao XJ, Tan W (2002) Development of organic dye-doped silica nanoparticles for bioanalysis and biosensors. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnlo. 2: 405–409.
  • Theaker BJ, Hudson KE, Rowell FJ (2008) Doped hydrophobic silica nano- and micro-particles as novel agents for developing latent fingerprints. Forensic Sci. Int. 174: 26–34.
  • Thomas GL (1973) The physics of fingerprints. Criminology 8: 21–38.
  • Thomas GL (1975) The resistivity of fingerprints. J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 15: 133–135.
  • Thurn KT, Brown EMB, Wu A, Vogt S, Lai B, Maser J, Paunesku T, Woloschak GE (2007) Nanoparticles for applications in cellular imaging. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2: 430–441.
  • Topoglidis E, Campbell CJ, Cass AEG, Durrant J, R. (2001) Factors that affect protein adsorption on nanostructured titania films. A novel spectroelectrochemical application to sensing. Langmuir 17: 7899–7906.
  • Turkevich J (1985a) Colloidal gold - part I. Gold Bull. 18: 86–91.
  • Turkevich J (1985b) Colloidal gold - part II. Gold Bull. 18: 125–131.
  • Turkevich J, Stevenson PC, Hillier J (1951) A study of the nucleation and growth process in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Disc. Faraday Soc. 11: 55–75.
  • van Blaaderen A, Vrij A (1992) Synthesis and characterization of colloidal dispersions of fluorescent, monodisperse silica spheres. Langmuir 8: 2921–2931.
  • Voss-de Haan P (2006) Physics and fingerprints. Contemp. Phys. 47: 209–230.
  • Waldoch TL (1993) The flame method of soot deposition for the development of latent prints on nonporous surfaces. J. Forensic Ident. 43: 463–465.
  • Wallace-Kunkel C, Lennard C, Stoilovic M, Roux C (2007) Optimisation and evaluation of 1,2-indanedione for use as a fingermark reagent and its application to real samples. Forensic Sci. Int. 168: 14–26.
  • Wang Y, Herron N (1991) Nanometer-sized semiconductor clusters: materials synthesis, quantum size effects, and photophysical properties. J. Phys. Chem. 95: 525–532.
  • Wang Y, Weiping Z, Janping M (2007) Eosin Y detection of latent blood prints. J. Forensic Ident. 57: 54–58.
  • Wang YF, Yang RQ, Wang YJ, Shi ZX, Liu JJ (2009) Application of CdSe nanoparticle suspension for developing latent fingermarks on the sticky side of adhesives. Forensic Sci. Int. 185: 96–99.
  • Wargacki SP, Lewis LA, Dadmun MD (2007) Understanding the chemistry of the development of latent fingerprints by superglue fuming. J. Forensic Sci. 52: 1057–1062.
  • Webb JL, Creamer JI, Quickenden TI (2006) A comparison of the presumptive luminol test for blood with four non-chemiluminescent forensic techniques. Luminescence 21: 214–220.
  • Wiesner S, Springer E, Sasson Y, Almog J (2001) Chemical development of latent fingerprints: 1,2-indanedione has come of age. J. Forensic Sci. 46: 1082–1084.
  • Wilkinson D (2000a) Spectroscopic study of 1,2- indanedione. Forensic Sci. Int. 114: 123–132.
  • Wilkinson D (2000b) Study of the reaction mechanism of 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one with the amino acid L-alanine. Forensic Sci. Int. 109: 87–103.
  • Williams NH, Elliot KT (2005) Development of latent prints using titanium dioxide (TiO2) in small particle reagent, white (SPR-w) on adhesives. J. Forensic Ident. 55: 292–301.
  • Yapping L, Yue W (2004) Bloody latent fingerprint detection using LeuR6G. J. Forensic Ident. 54: 542–546.
  • Yu-Juan J, Yun-Jun L, Guo-Ping L, Jie L, Yuan-Feng W, Rui-Qin Y, Wen-Ting L (2008) Application of photoluminescent CdS/PAMAM nanocomposites in fingerprint detection. Forensic Sci. Int. 179: 34–38.
  • Zhao X, Bagwe RP, Tan W (2004) Development of organic-dye-doped silica nanoparticles in a reverse microemulsion. Adv. Mater. 16: 173–176.
  • Ziv Z, Springer E (1993) More applications of coaxial illumination in fingerprint detecting and photography. J. Forensic Ident. 43: 362–367.
  • Zollinger H (2003) Color chemistry: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments, 3rd. VHCA, Zurich and Wiley-VHC, Weinheim. 381–389.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.