Glomerular Disturbances in Preeclampsia: Disruption Between Glomerular Endothelium and Podocyte Symbiosis

REFERENCES

• Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183(1):S1–S22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J, Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest 2003; 111(5):649–658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine RJ, Maynard SE, Qian C, Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(7):672–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stillman IE, Karumanchi SA. The glomerular injury of preeclampsia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18(8):2281–2284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hladunewich MA, Myers BD, Derby GC, Course of preeclamptic glomerular injury after delivery. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294(3):F614–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh A, Satchell SC, Chris R. Neal, Glomerular endothelial glycocalyx constitutes a barrier to protein permeability. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:2885–2893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garovic VD, Wagner SJ, Petrovic LM, Glomerular expression of nephrin and synaptopodin, but not podocin, is decreased in kidney sections from women with preeclampsia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22(4):1136–1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collino F, Bussolati B, Gerbaudo E, Pre-eclamptic sera induce nephrin shedding from podocytes through endothelin-1 release by endothelial glomerular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294(5):F1185–94.
   Google Scholar
• Henao DE, Arias LF, Mathieson PW, Preeclamptic sera directly induce slit diaphragm protein redistribution and alter podocyte barrier forming capacity. Nephron Experimental Nephrology 2008; 110(3):e73–81.
   Google Scholar
• Foster RR, Saleem MA, Mathieson PW, Bates DO, Harper SJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor and nephrin interact and reduce apoptosis in human podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 288(1):F48–57.
   Google Scholar
• Guan F, Villegas G, Teichman J, Mundel P, Tufro A. Autocrine VEGF-A system in podocytes regulates podocin and its interaction with CD2AP. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291(2):F422–428.
   Google Scholar
• Eremina V, Jefferson JA, Kowalewska J, VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(11):1129–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strevens H, Wide-Swensson D, Hansen A, Glomerular endotheliosis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2003;, 110(9):831–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Swiet M, Lightstone L. Glomerular endotheliosis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2004; 111:191–195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henao DE, Mathieson PW, Saleem MA, Bueno JC, Cadavid A. A novel renal perspective of preeclampsia: a look from the podocyte. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22(5):1477.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tryggvason K, Wartiovaara J. Molecular basis of glomerular permselectivity. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2001; 10(4):543–549.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garovic VD, Wagner SJ, Turner ST, Urinary podocyte excretion as a marker for preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196(4):320, e321–327.
   Google Scholar
• Karumanchi SA, Lindheimer MD. Preeclampsia and the kidney: footprints in the urine. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196(4):287–288.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Redman CW, Sargent IL. Latest advances in understanding preeclampsia. Science 2005; 308(5728):1592–1594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugimoto H, Hamano Y, Charytan D, Neutralization of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by anti-VEGF antibodies and soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) induces proteinuria. J Biol Chem 2003; 278(15):12605–12608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eremina V, Sood M, Haigh J, Glomerular-specific alterations of VEGF-A expression lead to distinct congenital and acquired renal diseases. J Clin Invest 2003; 111(5):707–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maharaj AS, Saint-Geniez M, Maldonado AE, D'Amore PA. Vascular endothelial growth factor localization in the adult. Am J Pathol 2006; 168(2):639–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster RR, Hole R, Anderson K, Functional evidence that vascular endothelial growth factor may act as an autocrine factor on human podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 284(6):F1263–1273.
   Google Scholar
• Feng D, Nagy JA, Brekken RA, Ultrastructural localization of the vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF) receptor-2 (FLK-1, KDR) in normal mouse kidney and in the hyperpermeable vessels induced by VPF/VEGF-expressing tumors and adenoviral vectors. J Histochem Cytochem 2000; 48(4):545–556.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harper SJ, Xing CY, Whittle C, Expression of neuropilin-1 by human glomerular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Clin Sci (Lond) 2001; 101(4):439–446.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fuh G, Garcia KC, de Vos AM. The interaction of neuropilin-1 with vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor flt-1. J Biol Chem 2000; 275(35):26690–26695.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li Z, Zhang Y, Ying Ma J, Recombinant Vascular Endothelial growth factor 121 attenuates hypertension and improves kidney damage in a rat model of preeclampsia. Hypertension 2007; 50:686–692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quaggin SE, Kreidberg JA. Development of the renal glomerulus: good neighbors and good fences. Development 2008; 135(4):609–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschberg R, Wang S, Mitu GM. Functional symbiosis between endothelium and epithelial cells in glomeruli. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 331(2):485–493.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Satchell SC, Tasman CH, Singh A, Conditionally immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells expressing fenestrations in response to VEGF. Kidney Int 2006; 69(9):1633–1640.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haraldsson B, Nystrom J, Deen WM. Properties of the glomerular barrier and mechanisms of proteinuria. Physiol Rev 2008; 88(2):451–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar