Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic kidney disease: a new cardiorenal risk factor

References

• Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:1217–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1230–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang LP, Hsu SC, Lin SW, et al. Prevalence of snoring and witnessed apnea in Taiwanese adults. Chang Gung Med J 2008;31:175–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kraus MA, Hamburger RJ. Sleep apnea in renal failure. Adv Perit Dial 1997;13:88–92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. Diagnostic and coding manual American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2nd ed. Westchester (IL): American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005
   Google Scholar
• Guilleminault C, Bassiri A. Clinical features and evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and the upper airway resistance syndrome. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, eds. Principles and practices of sleep medicine. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier; 2005:1043–52
   Google Scholar
• Weiss JW, Launois SH, Anand A, Garpestad E. Cardiovascular morbidity in obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1999;41:367–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang WS, Lee WJ, Funahashi T, et al. Weight reduction increases plasma levels of an adipose-derived anti-inflammatory protein, adiponectin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3815–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peker Y, Kraiczi H, Hedner J, et al. An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease. Eur Respir J 1999;14:179–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2034–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J, Kryger MH, Zorick FJ, et al. Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea. Experience in 385 male patients. Chest 1988;94:9–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lattimore JL, Wilcox I, Skilton M, et al. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea leads to improved microvascular endothelial function in the systemic circulation. Thorax 2006;61:491–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz R, Mahmoudi S, Hattar K, et al. Enhanced release of superoxide from polymorphonuclear neutrophils in obstructive sleep apnea. Impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:566–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokoe T, Minoguchi K, Matsuo H, et al. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are decreased by nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Circulation 2003;107:1129–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips BG, Narkiewicz K, Pesek CA, et al. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on endothelin-1 and blood pressure. J Hypertens 1999;17:61–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iseki K, Tohyama K, Matsumoto T, Nakamura H. High prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients with sleep related breathing disorder (SRBD). Hypertens Res 2008;31:249–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canales MT, Taylor BC, Ishani A, et al. Reduced renal function and sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling elderly men. Sleep Med 2008;9:637–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanbay A, Buyukoglan H, Ozdogan N, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is related to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2012;44:535–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi Y, Shoji T, Kawabata H, et al. High prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and its association with renal function among nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;6:995–1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sim JJ, Rasgon SA, Kujubu DA, et al. Sleep apnea in early and advanced chronic kidney disease: Kaiser Permanente Southern California cohort. Chest 2009;135:710–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato K, Takata Y, Usui Y, et al. Severe obstructive sleep apnea increases cystatin C in clinically latent renal dysfunction. Respir Med 2011;105:643–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canales M, Lui LY, Taylor B, et al. Renal function and sleep-disordered breathing in older men. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23:3908–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou YT, Lee PH, Yang CT, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea: a stand-alone risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011;26:2244–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagawa S, Fukumori T. Sleep apnea syndrome in dialysis patients. Nippon Rinsho 2004;62:411–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Millman RP, Kimmel PL, Shore ET, Wasserstein AG. Sleep apnea in hemodialysis patients: the lack of testosterone effect on its pathogenesis. Nephron 1985;40:407–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fein AM, Niederman MS, Imbriano L, Rosen H. Reversal of sleep apnea in uremia by dialysis. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:1355–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada T, Kusano KF, Ogawa A, et al. The predictors of central and obstructive sleep apnoea in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:1190–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher EC. Obstructive sleep apnea and the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993;4:1111–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dopp JM, Reichmuth KJ, Morgan BJ. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension: mechanisms, evaluation, and management. Curr Hypertens Rep 2007;9:529–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukhija R, Aronow WS, Sandhu R, et al. Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in persons with and without obstructive sleep apnea. Cardiol Rev 2006;14:170–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bucca CB, Brussino L, Battisti A, et al. Diuretics in obstructive sleep apnea with diastolic heart failure. Chest 2007;132:440–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elias RM, Bradley TD, Kasai T, et al. Rostral overnight fluid shift in end-stage renal disease: relationship with obstructive sleep apnea. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:1569–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beecroft JM, Hoffstein V, Pierratos A, et al. Pharyngeal narrowing in end-stage renal disease: implications for obstructive sleep apnea. Eur Respir J 2007;30:965–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busetto L, Enzi G, Inelmen EM, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in morbid obesity: effects of intragastric balloon. Chest 2005;128:618–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1378–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisoni R, Ahmed MI, Calhoun DA. Characterization and treatment of resistant hypertension. Curr Cardiol Rep 2009;11:407–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdel-Kader K, Dohar S, Shah N, et al. Resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea in the setting of kidney disease. J Hypertens 2012;30:960–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu HT. Progression of chronic renal failure. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1417–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright JT Jr, Bakris G, Greene T, et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA 2002;288:2421–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal R, Light RP, Bills JE, Hummel LA. Nocturia, nocturnal activity, and nondipping. Hypertension 2009;54:646–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempsey JA, Veasey SC, Morgan BJ, O'Donnell CP. Pathophysiology of sleep apnea. Physiol Rev 2010;90:47–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene EL, Kren S, Hostetter TH. Role of aldosterone in the remnant kidney model in the rat. J Clin Invest 1996;98:1063–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt-Ubunama MN, Nishizaka MK, Boedefeld RL, et al. Plasma aldosterone is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension. Chest 2007;131:453–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaddam K, Pimenta E, Thomas SJ, et al. Spironolactone reduces severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with resistant hypertension: a preliminary report. J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:532–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkowski A, Prejbisz A, Florczak E, et al. Effects of renal sympathetic denervation on blood pressure, sleep apnea course, and glycemic control in patients with resistant hypertension and sleep apnea. Hypertension 2011;58:559–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narkiewicz K, Montano N, Cogliati C, et al. Altered cardiovascular variability in obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 1998;98:1071–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger J, Imbs JL, Schmidt M, et al. Renal function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:1337–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinebuchi S, Kazama JJ, Satoh M, et al. Short-term use of continuous positive airway pressure ameliorates glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004;107:317–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doonan RJ, Scheffler P, Lalli M, et al. Increased arterial stiffness in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review. Hypertens Res 2011;34:23–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsioufis C, Thomopoulos K, Dimitriadis K, et al. The incremental effect of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome on arterial stiffness in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens 2007;25:141–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peralta CA, Jacobs DR Jr, Katz R, et al. Association of pulse pressure, arterial elasticity, and endothelial function with kidney function decline among adults with estimated GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Kidney Dis 2012;59:41–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggenenti P, Remuzzi G. Time to abandon microalbuminuria? Kidney Int 2006;70:1214–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulx MD, Storfer-Isser A, Kirchner HL, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased urinary albumin excretion. Sleep 2007;30:923–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsioufis C, Thomopoulos C, Dimitriadis K, et al. Association of obstructive sleep apnea with urinary albumin excretion in essential hypertension: a cross-sectional study. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52:285–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ursavas A, Karadag M, Gullulu M, et al. Low-grade urinary albumin excretion in normotensive/non-diabetic obstructive sleep apnea patients. Sleep Breath 2008;12:217–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal V, Vanhecke TE, Rai B, et al. Albuminuria and renal function in obese adults evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea. Nephron Clin Pract 2009;113:c140–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casserly LF, Chow N, Ali S, et al. Proteinuria in obstructive sleep apnea. Kidney Int 2001;60:1484–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sklar AH, Chaudhary BA. Reversible proteinuria in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:87–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson KL, Ryden AM, Mander BA, Van Cauter E. Role of sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1768–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel K, Tasali E, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Effects of poor and short sleep on glucose metabolism and obesity risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009;5:253–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2010;33:414–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronsohn RS, Whitmore H, Van Cauter E, Tasali E. Impact of untreated obstructive sleep apnea on glucose control in type 2 diabetes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;181:507–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer H, Luke A, Bidani A, et al. Obesity and prevalent and incident CKD: the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46:587–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Iribarren C, et al. Body mass index and risk for end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:21–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nedeltcheva AV, Kilkus JM, Imperial J, et al. Sleep curtailment is accompanied by increased intake of calories from snacks. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:126–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St Onge MP, Roberts AL, Chen J, et al. Short sleep duration increases energy intakes but does not change energy expenditure in normal-weight individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:410–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan S, Taylor CT, McNicholas WT. Selective activation of inflammatory pathways by intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Circulation 2005;112:2660–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato M, Roberts-Thomson P, Phillips BG, et al. Impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of resistance vessels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 2000;102:2607–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamauchi M, Nakano H, Maekawa J, et al. Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 2005;127:1674–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dursunoglu N, Dursunoglu D. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, endothelial dysfunction and coronary atherosclerosis. Tuberk Toraks 2005;53:299–306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schulz R, Hummel C, Heinemann S, et al. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are elevated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and severe nighttime hypoxia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:67–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fassett RG, Venuthurupalli SK, Gobe GC, et al. Biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: a review. Kidney Int 2011;80:806–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engleman HM, Douglas NJ. Sleep. 4: sleepiness, cognitive function, and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Thorax 2004;59:618–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko Y, Floras JS, Usui K, et al. Cardiovascular effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1233–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saarelainen S, Hasan J, Siitonen S, Seppala E. Effect of nasal CPAP treatment on plasma volume, aldosterone and 24-h blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnoea. J Sleep Res 1996;5:181–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kita H, Ohi M, Chin K, et al. The nocturnal secretion of cardiac natriuretic peptides during obstructive sleep apnoea and its response to therapy with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. J Sleep Res 1998;7:199–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanly PJ, Pierratos A. Improvement of sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo nocturnal hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 2001;344:102–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang SC, Lam B, Ku PP, et al. Alleviation of sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure by nocturnal cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis compared with conventional continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:2607–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang SC, Lam B, Lai AS, et al. Improvement in sleep apnea during nocturnal peritoneal dialysis is associated with reduced airway congestion and better uremic clearance. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;4:410–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auckley DH, Schmidt-Nowara W, Brown LK. Reversal of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in end-stage renal disease after kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34:739–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar