Early changes of left ventricular function in young adults with never-treated hypertension and no left ventricular hypertrophy: relationships to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

References

• Drukteinis JS, Roman MJ, Fabsitz RR, et al. Cardiac and systemic hemodynamic characteristics of hypertension and prehypertension in adolescents and young adults: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation 2007;115:221–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, et al. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: a rising tide. Hypertension 2004;44:398–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao Y, Chen G, Tian H, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in china: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013;8:e65938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briefel RR, Johnson CL. Secular trends in dietary intake in the United States. Annu Rev Nutr 2004;24:401–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galderisi M, Lomoriello VS, Santoro A, et al. Differences of myocardial systolic deformation and correlates of diastolic function in competitive rowers and young hypertensives: a speckle-tracking echocardiography study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23:1190–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahan T, Bergfeldt L. Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension: its arrhythmogenic potential. Heart 2005;91:250–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarron P, Okasha M, McEwen J, Davey Smith G. Blood pressure in early life and cardiovascular disease mortality. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:610–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarron P, Smith GD, Okasha M, McEwen J. Blood pressure in young adulthood and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Lancet 2000;355:1430–1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perk G, Tunick PA, Kronzon I. Non-Doppler two-dimensional strain imaging by echocardiography – from technical considerations to clinical applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007;20:234–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Bello V, Talini E, Dell'Omo G, et al. Early left ventricular mechanics abnormalities in prehypertension: a two-dimensional strain echocardiography study. Am J Hypertens 2010;23:405–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Sierra A, Redon J, Banegas M Jr, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with circadian blood pressure patterns in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2009;53:466–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Asayama K, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure and 10-year risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality: the Ohasama study. Hypertension 2005;45:240–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, et al. Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study. Hypertension 2005;46:156–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuya M, Hozawa A, Ohokubo T, et al. Prognostic significance of blood pressure and heart rate variabilities: the Ohasama study. Hypertension 2000;36:901–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierdomenico SD, Lapenna D, Di Tommaso R, et al. Blood pressure variability and cardiovascular risk in treated hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 2006;19:991–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Gattobigio R, et al. Impact of blood pressure variability on cardiac and cerebrovascular complications in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:154–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatasciore A, Renda G, Zimarino M, et al. Awake systolic blood pressure variability correlates with target-organ damage in hypertensive subjects. Hypertension 2007;50:325–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005;18:1440–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1994;24:793–801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986;57:450–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986;1:307–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi MA. Pathologic fibrosis and connective tissue matrix in left ventricular hypertrophy due to chronic arterial hypertension in humans. J Hypertens 1998;16:1031–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber KT, Brilla CG, Janicki JS. Myocardial fibrosis: functional significance and regulatory factors. Cardiovasc Res 1993;27:341–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berk BC, Fujiwara K, Lehoux S. ECM remodeling in hypertensive heart disease. J Clin Invest 2007;117:568–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson JE. Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction. Heart 2007;93:155–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang ZY, Leano R, Marwick TH. Relationship between longitudinal and radial contractility in subclinical diabetic heart disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2004;106:53–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkstedt D, Koupil I, Hemmingsson T. Blood pressure in late adolescence and early incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in the Swedish 1969 conscription cohort. J Hypertens 2008;26:1313–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura K, Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, et al. Relationship of blood pressure to 25-year mortality due to coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in young adult men: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1501–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengupta PP, Korinek J, Belohlavek M, et al. Left ventricular structure and function: basic science for cardiac imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1988–2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito M, Okayama H, Yoshii T, et al. The differences in left ventricular torsional behavior between patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2011;150:301–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease. Overall findings and differences by age for 316,099 white men. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:56–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antikainen R, Grodzicki T, Palmer AJ, et al. The determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy defined by Sokolow–Lyon criteria in untreated hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17:159–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L. Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2001;358:1305–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar