Impact of non-dipping on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

References

• Leung RS, Bradley TD. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:2147–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/American College Of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, council on clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council On Cardiovascular Nursing. In collaboration with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). Circulation 2008;118:1080–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:19–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AG. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet 2005;365:1046–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-García MA, Campos-Rodríguez F, Catalán-Serra P, et al. Cardiovascular mortality in obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly: role of long-term continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a prospective observational study. Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2012;186:909–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottlieb DJ, Yenokyan G, Newman AB, et al. Prospective study of obstructive sleep apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: the sleep heart health study. Circulation 2010;122:352–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavie P, Lavie L. Unexpected survival advantage in elderly people with moderate sleep apnoea. J Sleep Res 2009;18:397–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall NS, Wong KK, Cullen SR, et al. Sleep apnea and 20-year follow-up for all-cause mortality, stroke, and cancer incidence and mortality in the Busselton Health Study Cohort. J Clin Sleep Med 2014;10:355–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björklund K, Lind L, Zethelius B, et al. Prognostic significance of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure characteristics for cardiovascular morbidity in a population of elderly men. J Hypertens 2004;22:1691–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, et al. Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: the Ohasama study. J Hypertens 2002;20:2183–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki N, Ozono R, Yamauchi R, et al. The relationship between morning hypertension and sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Clin Exp Hypertens 2013;35:250–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A manual of standardized terminology techniques and scoring system for sleep states of human subjects. Publication no. 204. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health; 1968
   Google Scholar
• ASDA. EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples. Sleep 1992;15:173–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force. Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. Sleep 1999;22:667–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura K, Kikuya M, Hara A, et al. Validation of the FM-800 ambulatory blood pressure monitor according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation criteria and the International Protocol. Clin Exp Hypertens 2010;32:523–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, et al. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation 2003;107:1401–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kario K. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypertension: ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertens Res 2009;32:428–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki M, Guilleminault C, Otsuka K, Shiomi T. Blood pressure “dipping” and “non-dipping” in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Sleep 1996;19:382–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki N, Ozono R, Yamauchi R, et al. Age-related differences in the mechanism of non-dipping among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012;34:270–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2034–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arzt M, Young T, Finn L, et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;172:1447–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narkiewicz K, Somers VK. The sympathetic nervous system and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for hypertension. J Hypertens 1997;15:1613–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest 1995;96:1897–904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narkiewicz K, Winnicki M, Schroeder K, et al. Relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and diurnal blood pressure profile. Hypertension 2002;39:168–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Sierra A, Redon J, Banegas JR, et al; Spanish Society of Hypertension Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry Investigators. Prevalence and factors associated with circadian blood pressure patterns in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2009;53:466–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar