Effect of Dietary Fiber and Protein Intake on Blood Pressure: A Review of Epidemiologic Evidence

References

• He J., Whelton Pk. Epidemiology and prevention of hypertension. Med Clinics North America 1997; 81: 1077–1097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacMahon S., Peto R., Cutler J., et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1. prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990; 335: 765–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelton P. K., He J. Blood pressure reduction treatment trials. Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Disease, C. Hennekens, J. Buring, C.D. Furberg, et al. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Klag M. J., Whelton P. K., Randall B. L., et al. Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men. N Eng J Med. 1996; 334: 13–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotchen T. A., Kotchen J. M., Boegehold MA. Nutrition and hypertension prevention. Hypertension 1991; 18(suppl I)I-115–1-120
   Google Scholar
• Whelton P. K., He J., Cutler J. A., et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Metaanalysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997; 277: 1624–1632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J., Whelton PK. Role of sodium reduction in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. Current Opinion in Cardiology 1997; 12: 202–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J., Whelton PK. What is the Role of Dietary Sodium and Potassiumin Hypertension and Target Organ Injury?. Am J Med Sci, (hi press)
   Google Scholar
• The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 2413–2446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelton P. K., Adams-Campell L. L., Appel L. J., et al. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group report on primary prevention of hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 186–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beilin LJ. Vegetarian and other complex diets, fats, fiber, and hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 1130s–35s., (suppl)
   Google Scholar
• Barnes R. Comparisons of blood pressures and blood cholesterol levels of New Guineans and Australians. Med J Aust 1965; I: 611–617
   Google Scholar
• Prior IAM, Evans J. G., Harvey HPB, Davidson F., Lindsey M. Sodium intake and blood pressure in two Polynesian populations. New Eng J Med 1968; 279: 515–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page L. B., Damon A., Moellering RC. Antecedents of cardiovascular disease in six Solomon Islands societies. Circulation 1974; 49: 1132–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J., Klag M. J., Whelton P. K., et al. Migration blood pressure pattern and hypertension: The Yi Migrant Study. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 1085–1101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks F. M., Rosner B., Kass EH. Blood pressure in vegetarians. Am J Epidemiol 1974; 100: 390–398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong B., van Merwyk A. J., Coates H. Blood pressure in Seventh-day Adventist vegetarians. Am J Epidemiol 1977; 105: 444–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse I. L., Armstrong B. K., Beilin LJ. The relationship of blood pressure to diet and lifestyle in two religious populations. J Hypertens 1983; 1: 65–71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Register U. D., Sonnenburg LM. The vegetarian diet. J Am Diet Assoc 1973; 62: 253–261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehily A. M., Milbank J. E., Yarnell JWG, et al. Dietary determinants of lipoproteins, total cholesterol, viscosity, fibrinogen, and blood pressure. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 890–896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein M. J., Burr M. L., Fehily A. M., Yarnell JW. Heart rate, employment status, and prevalent ischaemic heart disease confound relation between cereal fibre intake and blood pressure. J Epidemiol Community Health 1986; 40: 330–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott P., Fehily A. M., Sweetnam P. M., Yarnell JWG. Diet, alcohol, body mass, and social factors in relation to blood pressure: the Caerphilly Heart Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 1987; 41: 37–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joffres M. R., Reed D. M., Yano K. Relationship of magnesium intake and other dietary factors to blood pressure: the Honolulu heart study. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45: 469–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenner D. A., English D. R., Vandongen R., et al. Diet and blood pressure in 9-year-old Australian children. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47: 1052–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallfrisch J., Tobin J. D., Muller D. C., Andres R. Fiber intake, age, and other coronary risk factors in men of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study (1959–1975). J Geromol 1988; 43: M64–8
   Google Scholar
• Ascherio A., Stampfer M. J., Colditz G. A., Willett W. C., McKinlay J. Nutrient intakes and blood pressure in normotensive males. Int J Epidemiol 1991; 20: 886–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J., Klag M. J., Whelton P. K., et al. Dietary macronutrients and blood pressure in Southwest China. J Hypertension 1995; 13: 1267–1274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamler J., Caggiula A. W., Grandits GA. Relation of body mass and alcohol, nutrient. fiber, and caffeine intakes to blood pressure in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65(1 suppl)338S–365S
   Google Scholar
• Witteman JCM, Willett W. C., Stampfer M. J., et al. A prospective study of nutritional factois and hypertension among US women. Circulation 1989; 80: 1320–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascherio A., Hennekens C., Willett W. C., et al. Prospective study of nutritional factors blood pressure, and hypertension among US women. Hypertension 1996; 1065–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascherio A., Rimm E. B., Giovannucci E. L., et al. A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US men. Circulation 1992; 86: 1475–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons-Morton D. G., Van Hunsberger S. A., Horn L., et al. Nutrient intake and blood pressure in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children. Hypertension 1997; 29: 930–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks FM. Dietary fiber and cardiovascular disease—direct protection or indicator of a healthy lifestyle (editorial). Am J Prev Med 1993; 9: 259–260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsay J. L., Behall K. M., Prather ES. Effect of fiber from fruits and vegetables on metabolt responses of human subjects I. Bowel transit time, number of defecations, fecal weight, urinary excretions of energy and nitrogenand apparent digestibilities of energy, nitrogen, and fat. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31: 1149–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright A., Burstyn P. G., Gibney MJ. Dietary fibre and blood pressure. Br Med J 1979; 2: 1541–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brussaard J. H., van Raaij J. M., Stasse-Wolthuis M., Katan M. B., Hautvast JG. Blood pressure and diet in normotensive volunteers: absence of an effect of dietary fiber, protein, or fat. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 2023–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossner S., von Zweigbergk D., Ohlin A., Ryttig K. Weight reduction with dietary fiber supplements. Results of two double-blind randomized studies. Acta Med Scand 1987; 222: 83–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryttig K. R., Tellnes G., Haegh L., Boe E., Fagerthun H. A dietary fibre supplement and weight maintenance after weight reduction: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled long-term trial. Int J Obes 1989; 13: 165–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uusitupa M., Siitonen O., Savolainen K., et al. Metabolic and nutritional effects of long-term use of guar gum in die treatment of noninsulin-dependem diabetes of poor metabolic control. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 49: 345–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain J. F., Rouse I. L., Curley C. B., Sacks FM. Comparison of the effects of oat bran and low-fiber wheat on serum lipoprotein levels and blood pressure. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 147–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigaud D., Ryttig K. R., Angel L. A., Apfelbaum M. Overweight treated with energy restriction and a dietary fibre supplement: a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Obes 1990; 14: 763–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanHorn L., Moag-Stahlberg A., Liu K., et al. Effects on serum lipidsof adding instant oats to usual American diets. Am J Public Health 1991; 81: 183–188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makkonen M., Simpanen A. L., Saarikoski S., et al. Endocrine and metabolic effects ofguar gum in menopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 1993; 7: 135–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansberg P. J., Knipscheer H. C., Kastelein J. J., et al. The effect of Fiberform, a low-phytate wheat fibre, on plasma lipids and blood pressure of women with familial hypercholesterolaemia (letter). J Intern Med 1994; 236: 477–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvill A., Bodin L. Effect of short-term ingestion of konjac glucomannan on serum cholesterol in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61: 585–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehily A. M., Burr M. L., Rutland B. K., Eastham RD. A randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of a high fibre diet on blood pressure and plasma fibrinogen. J Epidemiol Community Health 1986; 40: 334–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson JW. High-fiber, hypocaloric vs very-low-calorie diet effects on blood pressure of obese men (abstract). Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 43: 695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margetts B. M., Beilin L. J., Vandongen R., Armstrong BK. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of dietary fibre on blood pressure. Clin Sci 1987; 72: 343–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlamowitz P., Halberg T., Warnoe O., Wilstrup F., Ryttig K. Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension with dietary fibre (letter). Lancet 1987; 2: 622–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solum T. T., Ryttig K. R., Solum E., Larsen S. The influence of a high-fibre diet on body weight, serum lipids and blood pressure in slightly overweight persons. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation with diet and fibre tablets (Dumo Vital). Int J Obes 1987; 11(suppl)67–71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossner S., Anderson I. L., Ryttig K. Effects of a dietary fibre supplement to a weight reduction programme on blood pressure. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Medica Scandinavica 1988; 223: 353–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliasson K., Ryttig K. R., Hylander B., Rossner S. A dietary fibre supplementin the treatment of mild hypertension. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertens 1992; 10: 195–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J., Whelton P. K., Klag MJ. Dietary fiber supplementation andblood pressure reduction: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Am J Hyperten 1996; 9: 16, (abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Obarzanek E., Velletri PA., Cutler JA. Dietary protein and blood pressure. JAMA 1996; 275: 1598–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beilin LJ., Burke V. Vegetarian diet components protein and blood pressure: which nutrients are important?. Clin Exper Pharmacol Physiol 1995; 22: 195–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer T. W., Anderson S., Brenner BM. Dietary protein intake and the course of renal disease: the role of capillary hypertension and hyperperfusion in the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular sclerosis. NIH Workshop on Nutrition and Hypertension, M.J. Horan, M. Blaustein, J.B. Dunbar, W. Kachadorian, N.M. Kaplan, A.P. Simopoulos. Biomedical Information Corp, New York, NY 1985; 217–229
   Google Scholar
• Yamori Y., Kihara M., Nara Y., et al. Hypertension and diet: multiple regression analysis in a Japanese farming community. Lancet 1981; 1: 1204–1205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kihara M., Fujikawa J., Ohtaka M., et al. Interrelationships between blood pressure. sodium, potassium, serum cholesterol, and protein intake in Japanese. Hypertension 1984; 6: 736–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed D., McGee D., Yano K., Hankin J. Diet, blood pressure, and multicollineanty. Hypertension 1985; 7: 405–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou B., Wu X., Tao S., et al. Dietary patterns in 10 groups and the relationshipwith blood pressure. ChinMedJ. 1989; 102: 257–261
   Google Scholar
• Zhou B., Zhang X., Zhu A., et al. The relationship of dietary animal protein and electrolytes to blood pressure: a study on three Chinesepopulations. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23: 716–722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamler J., Elliott P., Kesteloot H., Nichols R., Claeys G., Dyer A. R., Stamler R. for the INTERS ALT Cooperative Research Group. Inverse relationship between dietary protein markers and blood pressure of individuals: findings for 10 020 men and women-the INTERSALT study. Circulation 1996; 94: 1629–1733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamler J., Caggiula A., Grandits G. A., Kjelsberg M., Cutler JA. Relationship to blood pressure of combinations of dietary macronutrients. Findings of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Circulation 1996; 94: 2417–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott P., Freeman J., Pryer J., Brunner E., Marmot M. Dietary protein and blood pressure: a report from the Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British adults (abstract). J Hypertens 1992; 109(suppl)S141
   Google Scholar
• He J., Loria C., Vupputuri S., Whelton PK. Dietary macronutrient intake andlevel of blood pressure: Results from the Third National health and Nutrition Examination Survey (abstract). Circulation, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Liu K., Ruth K. J., Shekelle R. B., Stamler J. Macronutrients and long-term change in systolic blood pressure (abstract). Circulation 1993; 87: 679
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vupputuri S., He J., Ogden L. G., Loria C., Whelton PK. Dietary intake of macronutrients and risk of hypertension: A prospective study using the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort (abstract). Circulation, (in press)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sacks F. M., Wood P. G., Kass EH. Stability of blood pressure in vegetarians receiving dietary protein supplements. Hypertension 1984; 6: 199–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prescott S. L., Jenner D. A., Beilin L. J., Margetts B. M., Vandongen R. Controlled study of the effects of dietary protein on blood pressure in normdensive humans. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1987; 14: 159–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks F. M., Kass EH. Low blood pressure in vegetarians: effects of specific foods and nutrients. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48: 795–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kestin M., Rouse I. L., Correll R. A., Nestel PJ. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in free-living men: comparison of two prudent diets one based on lactoovovegetariansm and the other allowing lean meat. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 50: 280–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar