REFERENCES
- Minnick AM, Johnson ME, Catrambone C, Leipzig R. Prevalence and variation of physical restraint use in acute care settings in the US. J Nurs Scholarsh 2007;39:30–7.
- Vaught W, Lamdan RM. An ethics committee explores restraint use and practices. HEC Forum 1998;10:306–16.
- Prosser WL, Keeton WP, Dobbs DB, Keeton RE, Owen DG, eds. Prosser and Keeton on torts. 5th ed. St. Paul, MN: West, 1984.
- Schloendorff v. Society Hospital, 221 N.Y. 125 (1914).
- Schouten R, Edershein J. Informed consent, competency, treatment refusal, and civil commitment. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. MGH comprehensive clinical psychiatry. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2008.
- Brendel RW, Schouten R. Legal concerns in psychosomatic medicine. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2007;30:663–76.
- Brendel R, Schouten R. Legal aspects of consultation. In: Stern TA, Fricchione GL, Cassem NH, Jellinek MS, Rosenbaum, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital handbook of general hospital psychiatry. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2004.
- Rogers v. Okin, 634 F.2d 650 (1980).
- Rogers v. Okin, 478 F.Supp. 1342 (D.Mass.1979).
- Shine v. Vega, 429 Mass. 456 (1999).
- Annas GJ. The last resort—the use of physical restraints in medical emergencies. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1408–12.
- Lawson, Craig M. The puzzle of intended harm in the tort of battery, 74 Temple Law Rev 355 (Summer 2001).
- Medicare and Medicaid Programs; hospital conditions of participation: patients’ rights, 71 Fed. Reg. 71,378 (8 Dec 2006) (to be codified at 42 C.F.R. pt. 482).
- Brown JG. Office of Inspector General. Department of Health and Human Services. Restraints and seclusion: state policies for psychiatric hospitals. 2000. http://oig.hhs .gov/oei/reports/oei-04–99-00150.pdf
- Massachusetts Department of Mental Health. Restraint and seclusion policy. 2007. http://www.mass .gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dmh/policy/policy_07_02.pdf
- California Department of Mental Health. Seclusion and restraint data. 2010. http://www.dmh.ca .gov/Services_and_ Programs/State_Hospitals/S_and_R/default.asp
- Texas Administrative Code, Title 25, Pt. 1, Ch. 415, Subch. F, Div. 2, Rule §415.261. Restraint or seclusion initiated in response to a behavioral emergency. At http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$ext.ViewTAC?tac_view=2&ti=25
- Busch AB, Shore MF. Restraint and seclusion: a review of recent literature. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2000;8:261–71.
- Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Comprehensive accreditation manual for hospitals: the official handbook. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: JCAHO, 2008.
- Van Critters A, Naidoo U, Foti ME. Using a hypothetical scenario to inform psychiatric advance directives. Psychiatr Serv 2007;58:1467–71.