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PSYCHOPATHOLOGYEditor: Katharine A. Phillips, MD

Gods, Men, and Muscle Dysmorphia

, MD, PhD & , MD
Pages 95-98 | Received 04 May 2010, Accepted 05 Aug 2010, Published online: 22 Mar 2011

REFERENCES

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed., text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
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  • Confucius; Lau DC, trans. The analects. New York: Penguin, 1979.
  • Pope CG, Pope HG, Menard W, Fay C, Olivardia R, Phillips KA. Clinical features of muscle dysmorphia among males with body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image 2005;2:395–400.
  • Kanayama G, Barry S, Hudson JI, Pope HG Jr. Body image and attitudes toward male roles in anabolic-androgenic steroid users. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:697–703.
  • Kanayama G, Pope HG, Cohane G, Hudson JI. Risk factors for anabolic-androgenic steroid use among weightlifters: a case-control study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2003;71:77–86.
  • Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG Jr. Long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse: a looming public health concern? Drug Alcohol Depend 2008;98:1–12.
  • Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG Jr. Illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Horm Behav 2010; 58:111–21.
  • Thiblin I, Petersson A. Pharmacoepidemiology of anabolic androgenic steroids: a review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005;19:27–44.
  • Yang CF, Gray PB, Zhang J, Pope HG Jr. Second to fourth digit ratios, sex differences, and behavior in Chinese men and women. Soc Neurosci 2009;4:49–59.
  • Kanayama G, Brower KJ, Wood RI, Hudson JI, Pope HG Jr. Treatment of anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence: emerging evidence and its implications. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010;109;6–13.

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