References
- Khafif A, Schantz SP, Chou TC, Edelstein D, Sacks PG. Quantitation of chemopreventive synergism between (-)- epigallocatechin-3-gallate and curcumin in normal, premalignant and malignant human oral epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 1998;19:419–424.
- Qanungo S, Das M, Haldar S, Basu A. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2005;26:958–967.
- Choudhuri T, Pal S, Agwarwal ML, Das T, Sa G. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through p53-dependent Bax induction. FEBS Lett 2002;512:334–340.
- Shanafelt TD, Call TG, Zent CS, Leis JF, LaPlant B, Bowen DA, et al. Phase 2 trial of daily, oral Polyphenon E in patients with asymptomatic, Rai stage 0 to II chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 2013;119:363–370.
- Carroll RE, Benya RV, Turgeon DK, Vareed S, Neuman M, Rodriguez L, et al. Phase IIa clinical trial of curcumin for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res 2011;4:354–364.
- Longpre JM, Loo G. Protection of human colon epithelial cells against deoxycholate by rottlerin. Apoptosis 2008;13: 1162–1171.
- Chan CM, Huang JH, Lin HH, Chiang HS, Chen BH, Hong JY, Hung CF. Protective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on UVA-induced damage in ARPE19 cells. Mol Vis 2008;14:2528–2534.
- Balasubramanyam M, Koteswari AA, Kumar RS, Monickaraj SF, Maheswari JU, Mohan V. Curcumin-induced inhibition of cellular reactive oxygen species generation: novel therapeutic implications. J Biosci 2003;28:715–721.
- Hwang JT, Ha J, Park IJ, Lee SK, Baik HW, Kim YM, Park OJ. Apoptotic effect of EGCG in HT-29 colon cancer cells via AMPK signal pathway. Cancer Lett 2007;247:115–121.
- Min NY, Kim JH, Choi JH, Liang W, Ko YJ, Rhee S, et al. Selective death of cancer cells by preferential induction of reactive oxygen species in response to (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012;421:91–97.
- Scott DW, Loo G. Curcumin-induced GADD153 upregulation: modulation by glutathione. J Cell Biochem 2007;101: 307–320.
- Su CC, Lin JG, Li TM, Chung JG, Yang JS, Ip SW, et al. Curcumin-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer colo 205 cells through the production of ROS, Ca2 + and the activation of caspase-3. Anticancer Res 2006;26:4379–4389.
- Roos WP, Kaina B. DNA damage-induced cell death by apoptosis. Trends Mol Med 2006;12:440–450.
- Syng-Ai C, Kumari AL, Khar A. Effect of curcumin on normal and tumor cells: role of glutathione and bcl-2. Mol Cancer Ther 2004;3:1101–1108.
- Johnson MK, Loo G. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin on oxidative damage to cellular DNA. Mutat Res 2000;459:211–218.
- Scott DW, Loo G. Curcumin-induced GADD153 gene up-regulation in human colon cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2004;25:2155–2164.
- Powolny A, Xu J, Loo G. Deoxycholate induces DNA damage and apoptosis in human colon epithelial cells expressing either mutant or wild-type p53. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2001;33: 193–203.
- Lai C, Loo G. Cellular iron depletion weakens induction of heme oxygenase-1 by cadmium. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011;43:88–97.
- Rose RC, Bode AM. Biology of free radical scavengers: an evaluation of ascorbate. FASEB J 1993;7:1135–1142.
- Yan CY, Ferrari G, Greene LA. N-acetylcysteine-promoted survival of PC12 cells is glutathione-independent but transcription-dependent. J Biol Chem 1995;270:26827–26832.
- Forman HJ, Zhang H, Rinna A. Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Mol Aspects Med 2009;30:1–12.
- Doulias PT, Christoforidis S, Brunk UT, Galaris D. Endosomal and lysosomal effects of desferrioxamine: protection of HeLa cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and induction of cell-cycle arrest. Free Radic Biol Med 2003;35:719–728.
- Huang X, Dai J, Fournier J, Ali AM, Zhang Q, Frenkel K. Ferrous ion autoxidation and its chelation in iron-loaded human liver HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;32: 84–92.
- Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. Methods Enzymol 1990;186:1–85.
- Guyton KZ, Spitz DR, Holbrook NJ. Expression of stress response genes GADD153, c-jun, and heme oxygenase-1 in H2O2- and O2-resistant fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 1996;20:735–741.
- Collins AR. The comet assay. Principles, applications, and limitations. Methods Mol Biol 2002;203:163–177.
- Mello-Filho AC, Meneghini R. Iron is the intracellular metal involved in the production of DNA damage by oxygen radicals. Mutat Res 1991;251:109–113.
- Gupta SC, Prasad S, Kim JH, Patchva S, Webb LJ, Priyadarsini IK, Aggarwal BB. Multitargeting by curcumin as revealed by molecular interaction studies. Nat Prod Rep 2011;28:1937–1955.
- Somasundaram S, Edmund NA, Moore DT, Small GW, Shi YY, Orlowski RZ. Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Res 2002;62:3868–3875.
- Allen RT, Hunter WJ, Agrawal DK. Morphological and biochemical characterization and analysis of apoptosis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1997;37:215–228.
- Inaba H, Nagaoka Y, Kushima Y, Kumagai A, Matsumoto Y, Sakaguchi M, et al. Comparative examination of anti-proliferative activities of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (--)- epigallocatechin against HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008;31:79–84.
- Watson JL, Hill R, Lee PW, Giacomantonio CA, Hoskin DW. Curcumin induces apoptosis in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells in a p21-independent manner. Exp Mol Pathol 2008;84:230–233.
- Seifried HE, McDonald SS, Anderson DE, Greenwald P, Milner JA. The antioxidant conundrum in cancer. Cancer Res 2003;63:4295–4298.
- Tsang WP, Chau SP, Kong SK, Fung KP, Kwok TT. Reactive oxygen species mediate doxorubicin induced p53-independent apoptosis. Life Sci 2003;73:2047–2058.
- Bragado P, Armesilla A, Silva A, Porras A. Apoptosis by cisplatin requires p53 mediated p38alpha MAPK activation through ROS generation. Apoptosis 2007;12:1733–1742.