363
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

High serum n6 fatty acid proportion is associated with lowered LDL oxidation and inflammation: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 420-426 | Received 22 Nov 2013, Accepted 06 Jan 2014, Published online: 04 Feb 2014

References

  • Mozaffarian D, Micha R, Wallace S. Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS Med 2010;7:e1000252.
  • Astrup A, Dyerberg J, Elwood P, Hermansen K, Hu FB, Jakobsen MU, et al. The role of reducing intakes of saturated fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: where does the evidence stand in 2010?Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:684–688.
  • Kaikkonen JE, Jula A, Mikkilä V, Viikari JS, Moilanen T, Nikkari T, et al. Childhood serum cholesterol ester fatty acids are associated with blood pressure 27 y later in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95: 1422–1431.
  • Kaikkonen JE, Jula A, Mikkilä V, Juonala M, Viikari JS, Moilanen T, et al. Childhood serum fatty acid quality is associated with adult carotid artery intima media thickness in women but not in men. J Nutr 2013;143:682–689.
  • Ehnholm C, Huttunen JK, Pietinen P, Leino U, Mutanen M, Kostiainen E, et al. Effect of diet on serum lipoproteins in a population with a high risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1982;307:850–855.
  • Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Rimm E, Kris-Etherton P, Rudel LL, Appel LJ, et al. Omega-6 fatty acids and risk for cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Nutrition Subcommittee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2009;119:902–907.
  • Ramsden CE, Hibbeln JR, Majchrzak SF, Davis JM. n-6 fatty acid-specific and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2010;104:1586–1600.
  • Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Leelarthaepin B, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Faurot KR, Suchindran CM, et al. Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis. BMJ 2013;346:e8707.
  • Calder PC. Old study sheds new light on the fatty acids and cardiovascular health debate. BMJ 2013;346:f493.
  • Matsuura E, Hughes GR, Khamashta MA. Oxidation of LDL and its clinical implication. Autoimmun Rev 2008;7: 558–566.
  • Salonen JT, Ylä-Herttuala S, Yamamoto R, Butler S, Korpela H, Salonen R, et al. Autoantibody against oxidised LDL and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Lancet 1992;339:883–887.
  • Ross R. Atherosclerosis–an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999;340:115–126.
  • Masson CJ, Mensink RP. Exchanging saturated fatty acids for (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in a mixed meal may decrease postprandial lipemia and markers of inflammation and endothelial activity in overweight men. J Nutr 2011;141:816–821.
  • Wall R, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Fatty acids from fish: the anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Nutr Rev 2010;68:280–289.
  • White DL, Collinson A. Red meat, dietary heme iron, and risk of type 2 diabetes: the involvement of advanced lipoxidation endproducts. Adv Nutr 2013;4:403–411.
  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine, 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1989.
  • Davies SS, Roberts LJ. F2-isoprostanes as an indicator and risk factor for coronary heart disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;50:559–566.
  • Raitakari OT, Juonala M, Rönnemaa T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Räsänen L, Pietikäinen M, et al. Cohort profile: the cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study. Int J Epidemiol 2008;37: 1220–1226.
  • Ahotupa M, Marniemi J, Lehtimäki T, Talvinen K, Raitakari OT, Vasankari T, et al. Baseline diene conjugation in LDL lipids as a direct measure of in vivo LDL oxidation. Clin Biochem 1998;31:257–261.
  • Ahotupa M, Suomela JP, Vuorimaa T, Vasankari T. Lipoprotein-specific transport of circulating lipid peroxides. Ann Med 2010;42:521–529.
  • Holvoet P, Macy E, Landeloos M, Jones D, Jenny NS, Van de Werf F, Tracy RP. Analytical performance and diagnostic accuracy of immunometric assays for the measurement of circulating oxidized LDL. Clin Chem 2006;52:760–764.
  • Jula A, Marniemi J, Huupponen R, Virtanen A, Rastas M, Rönnemaa T. Effects of diet and simvastatin on serum lipids, insulin, and antioxidants in hypercholesterolemic men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287:598–605.
  • Telama R, Yang X, Viikari J, Välimäki I, Wanne O, Raitakari O. Physical activity from childhood to adulthood: a 21-year tracking study. Am J Prev Med 2005;28:267–273.
  • Juonala M, Viikari JS, Kähönen M, Solakivi T, Helenius H, Jula A, et al. Childhood levels of serum apolipoproteins B and A-I predict carotid intima-media thickness and brachial endothelial function in adulthood: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:293–299.
  • Murakami K, Sasaki S, Takahashi Y, Uenishi K, Watanabe T, Kohri T, et al. Lower estimates of delta-5 desaturase and elongase activity are related to adverse profiles for several metabolic risk factors in young Japanese women. Nutr Res 2008; 28:816–824.
  • Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 1989;320:915–924.
  • Abbey M, Belling GB, Noakes M, Hirata F, Nestel PJ. Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins: intraindividual variability and the effect of dietary linoleate supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:391–398.
  • Reaven P, Parthasarathy S, Grasse BJ, Miller E, Steinberg D, Witztum JL. Effects of oleate-rich and linoleate-rich diets on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects. J Clin Invest 1993;91:668–676.
  • Bochkov VN, Oskolkova OV, Birukov KG, Levonen AL, Binder CJ, Stockl J. Generation and biological activities of oxidized phospholipids. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010;12: 1009–1059.
  • Harika RK, Eilander A, Alssema M, Osendarp SJ, Zock PL. Intake of fatty acids in general populations worldwide does not meet dietary recommendations to prevent coronary heart disease: a systematic review of data from 40 countries. Ann Nutr Metab 2013;63:229–238.
  • Kaikkonen JE, Vilppo T, Asikainen J, Voutilainen S, Kurl S, Salonen JT. Fatty acids as determinants of in-vivo lipid peroxidation: the EFFGE study in Eastern Finnish hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects. Ann Med 2013;45: 455–464.
  • Tsikas D, Suchy MT, Niemann J, Tossios P, Schneider Y, Rothmann S, et al. Glutathione promotes prostaglandin H synthase (cyclooxygenase)-dependent formation of malondialdehyde and 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha. FEBS Lett 2012;586:3723–3730.
  • Cocate PG, Natali AJ, Oliveira AD, Alfenas RD, Peluzio MD, Longo GZ, et al. Red but not white meat consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation in Brazilian middle-aged men. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013.
  • Roncaglioni MC, Tombesi M, Avanzini F, Barlera S, Caimi V, Longoni P, et al. n-3 fatty acids in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1800–1808.
  • Moilanen T, Räsänen L, Viikari J, Åkerblom HK, Ahola M, Uhari M, et al. Fatty acid composition of serum cholesteryl esters in 3- to 18-year-old Finnish children and its relation to diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:708–713.
  • Alonso A, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Monounsaturated fatty acids, olive oil and blood pressure: epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence. Public Health Nutr 2006;9:251–257.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.