References
- Jewart RD, Green J, Lu CJ, Cellar J, Tune LE. Cognitive, behavioral, and physiological changes in Alzheimer disease patients as a function of incontinence medications. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005;13:324–328.
- Arendash GW, Schleif W, Reazi-zadeh K, Jackson EK, Zacharia LC, Cracchiolo JR, et al. Caffeine protects Alzheimer's mice against cognitive impairment and reduces brain-beta amyloid production. Neuroscience 2006;142:941–952.
- Butterfield DA, Shelley TR, Newman F, Sultana R. Roles of amyloid β peptide-associated oxidative stress and brain protein modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Free Radic Biol Med 2007;43:658–677.
- Rammouz G, Lecanu L, Aisen P, Papadopoulos V. A lead study on oxidative stress-mediated dehydroepiandrosterone formation in serum: the biochemical basis for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2011;24:5–16.
- Schubert D, Behl C, Lesley R, Brack A, Dargusch R, Sagara Y, Kimura H. Amyloid peptides are toxic via a common oxidative mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:1989–1993.
- Townsend KP, Pratico D. Novel therapeutic opportunities for Alzheimer's disease: focus on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. FASEB J 2005;19:1592–1601.
- Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Amyloid beta-peptide (1–42) contributes to the oxidative stress and neurodegeneration found in Alzheimer's disease brain. Brain Pathol 2004;14: 426–432.
- Melville DB, Horner WH, Otken CC, Ludwig ML. Studies on the origin of ergothioneine in animals. J Biol Chem 1955;213:61–68.
- Nakamichi N, Taguchi T, Hosotani H, Wakayama T, Shimizu T, Sugiura T, et al. Functional expression of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1 in mouse brain neurons: possible involvement in neuronal differentiation. Neurochem Int 2012;61:1121–1132.
- Aruoma OI, Whiteman M, England TG, Halliwell B. Antioxidant action of ergothioneine: assessment of its ability to scavenge peroxynitrite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;231:389–391.
- Cheah IK, Halliwell B. Ergothioneine; antioxidant potential, physiological function and role in disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1822:784–793.
- Moncaster JA, Walsh DT, Gentleman SM, Jen LS, Aruoma OI. Ergothioneine treatment protects neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity in an in vivo rat retinal model. Neurosci Lett 2002;328:55–59.
- Jang JH, Aruoma OI, Jen LS, Chung HY, Surh YJ. Ergothioneine rescues PC12 cells from b-amyloid-induced apoptotic death. Free Radic Biol Med 2004;36:288–299.
- Song TY, Chen CL, Liao JW, Ou HC, Tsai MS. Ergothioneine protects against neuronal injury induced by cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:3492–3499.
- Aruoma OI, Spencer JP, Mahmood N. Protection against oxidative damage and cell death by the natural antioxidant ergothioneine. Food Chem Toxicol 1999;37:1043–1053.
- Tan DX, Chen D, Poeggeler B, Manchester LC, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: a potent endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger. Endocrinol J 1993;1:57–60.
- Tan DX, Hardeland R, Manchester LC, Poeggeler B, Lopez-Burillo S, Mayo JC, et al. Mechanistic and comparative studies of melatonin and classic antioxidants in terms of their interactions with the ABTS cation radical. J Pineal Res 2003;34:249–259.
- Liu RY, Zhou JN, van Heerikhuize J, Hofman MA, Swaab DF. Decreased melatonin levels in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid in relation to aging, Alzheimer's disease, and apolipoprotein E-epsilon4/4 genotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:323–327.
- Ozcankaya R, Delibas N. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, melatonin, iron, copper, and zinc blood concentrations in patients with Alzheimer disease: cross-sectional study. Croat Med J 2002;43:28–32.
- Rosales-Corral SA, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Coto-Montes A, Boga JA, Manchester LC, Fuentes-Broto L, et al. Alzheimer's disease: pathological mechanisms and the beneficial role of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2012;52:167–202.
- Yang NC, Lin HC, Wu JH, Ou HC, Chai YC, Tseng CY, et al. Ergothioneine protects against neuronal injury induced by β-Amyloid in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012;50: 3902–3911.
- Holden HM, Rayment I, Thoden JB. Structure and function of enzymes of the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism. J Biol Chem 2003;278:43885–43888.
- Cui X, Wang L, Zuo P, Han Z, Fang Z, Li W, Liu J. D-Galactose-caused life shortening in Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica is associated with oxidative stress. Biogerontology 2004;5:317–326.
- Deng H, Cui D, Jiang J, Feng Y, Cai N, Li D. Inhibiting effects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model. Biomed Environ Sci 2003;16: 267–275.
- Zhang Q, Li X, Cui X, Zuo P. D-Galactose injured neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult mice. Neurol Res 2005;27:552–556.
- Lei H, Wang B, Li W, Yang Y, Zhou A, Chen M. Anti-aging effect of astragalosides and its mechanism of action. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2003;24:230–234.
- Song X, Bao MM, Li DD, Li YM. Advanced glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model. Mech Ageing Dev 1999;108:239–251.
- Ho SC, Liu JH, Wu RY. Establishment of the mimetic aging effect in mice caused by D-galactose. Biogerontology 2003;4:15–18.
- Lei M, Hua X, Xiao M, Ding J, Han Q, Hu G. Impairments of astrocytes are involved in the D-galactose-induced brain aging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008;369: 1082–1087.
- Hsieh HM, Wu WM, Hu ML. Soy isoflavones attenuate oxidative stress and improve parameters related to aging and Alzheimer's disease in C57BL/6J mice treated with D-galactose. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:625–632.
- Anand KV, Mohamed SMJ, Thomas PA, Geraldine P. Protective role of chrysin against oxidative stress in D-galactose-induced aging in an experimental rat model. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012;12:741–750.
- Cambell MD, Jaques Jr S, Gala RR. The lack of an effect of cholinergic agonists on anterior pituitary prolactin production in vitro. Experientia 1978;34:1522–1523.
- Doody RS. Clinical profile of donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Gerontology 1999;45:23–32.
- Lee CL, Kuo TF, Wang JJ, Pan TM. Red mold rice ameliorates impairment of memory and learning ability in intracerebroventricular amyloid β-infused rat by repressing amyloid β-accumulation. J Neurosci Res 2007;85:3171–3182.
- Schofield JD, Chen X. Analysis of free reduced and free oxidized glutathione in wheat flour. J Cereal Sci 1995;21: 127–136.
- Buege AJ, Aust SD. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol 1978;52:302–310.
- Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres VJ, Featherstone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 1961;7:88–95.
- Dubost NJ, Beelman R, Peterson D, Royse D. Identification and quantification of ergothioneine in cultivated mushrooms using liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Int J Med Mushr 2007;8:215–222.
- Liu YY, Nagpure BV, Wong PT, Bian JS. Hydrogen sulfide protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against d-galactose induced cell injury by suppression of advanced glycation end products formation and oxidative stress. Neurochem Int 2013;62: 603–609.
- Chen B, Zhong Y, Peng W, Sun Y, Hu YJ, et al. Increased mitochondrial DNA damage and decreased base excision repair in the auditory cortex of D-galactose-induced aging rats. Mol Biol Rep 2011;38:3635–3642.
- Borza LR. A review on the cause-effect relationship between oxidative stress and toxic proteins in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2014;118:19–27.
- D’Hooge R, De Deyn PP. Applications of the Morris water maze in the study of learning and memory. Brain Res Rev 2001;36:60–90.
- Li XM, Ma YL, Liu XJ. Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on age-related oxidative stress in aged mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;111:504–511.
- Rogers JL, Kesner RP. Cholinergic modulation of the hippocampus during encoding and retrieval. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2003;80:332–342.
- Ulrich J, Meier-Ruge W, Probst A, Meier E, Ipsen S. Senile plaques: staining for acetylcholinesterase and A4 protein: a comparative study in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Acta Neuropathol 1990;80:624–628.
- Morán MA, Mufson EJ, G'mez-Ramos P. Colocalization of cholinesterases with β amyloid protein in aged and Alzheimer's brains. Acta Neuropathol 1993;85:362–369.
- Inestrosa NC, Alvarez A, Pβrez CA, Moreno RD, Vicente M, Linker C, et al. Acetylcholinesterase accelerates assembly of amyloid β-peptides into Alzheimer's fibrils: possible role of the peripheral site of the enzyme. J Neuron 1996;16: 881–891.
- Alvarez A, Alarcon R, Opazo C, Campos EO, Munoz FJ, Calderon FH, et al. Stable complexes involving acetylcholinesterase and amyloid-β peptide change the biochemical properties of the enzyme and increase the neurotoxicity of Alzheimer's fibrils. J Neurosci 1998;18:3213–3223.
- Kaizer RR, Corrêa MC, Spanevello RM, Morsch VM, Mazzanti CM, Gonçalves JF, Schetinger MR. Acetylcholinesterase activation and enhanced lipid peroxidation after long-term exposure to low levels of aluminum on different mouse brain regions. J Inorg Biochem 2005;99:1865–1870.
- Lamhonwah AM, Hawkins CE, Tam C, Wong J, Mai L, Tein I. Expression patterns of the organic cation/carnitine transporter family in adult murine brain. Brain Dev 2008;30:31–42.
- Sugiura T, Kato S, Shimizu T, Wakayama T, Nakamichi N, Kubo Y, et al. Functional expression of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4 in mouse small intestine and liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38:1665–1672.
- Kato Y, Kubo Y, Iwata D, Kato S, Sudo T, Sugiura T, et al. Gene knockout and metabolome analysis of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1. Pharm Res 2010;27:832–840.
- Gründemann D, Stephanie H, Golz S, Geerts A, Lazar A, Berkels R, et al. Discovery of the ergothioneine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:5256–5261.
- Parle M, Dhingra D, Kulkarni SK. Neurochemical basis of learning and memory. Ind J Pharm Sci 2004;66:371–376.