Commentary the Measurement of Oxidative Damage to DNA by HPLC and GC/MS Techniques

References

• Sies H. Oxidative Stress. Oxidants and Antioxidants. Academic Press, New York and London 1991
   Google Scholar
• Cerutti P., Larsson R., Krupitza G., Muehlmatter D., Crawford D., Amstad P. Pathophysiological mechanisms of active oxygen. Mutation Research 1989; 214: 81–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B., Aruoma O.I. DNA damage by oxygen-derived species. Its mechanism and measurement in mammalian systems. FEBS Letters 1991; 281: 9–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruoma O.I., Halliwell B., Dizdaroglu M. Iron ion-dependent modification of bases in DNA by the superoxide radical-generating system hypo xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989; 264: 13024–13028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruoma O.I., Halliwell B., Gajewski E., Dizdaroglu M. Damage to the bases in DNA induced by hydrogen peroxide and ferric ion chelates. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989; 264: 20509–20512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruoma O.I., Halliwell B., Gajewski E., Dizdaroglu M. Copper-ion dependent damage to the bases in DNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Biochemical Journal 1991; 273: 601–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenken S. Purine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides: Aqueous solution redox chemistry and transformation reactions of their radical cations and e- and OH adducts. Chemical Reviews 1989; 89: 503–520
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Sonntag C. The Chemical Basis of Radiation Biology. Taylor and Francis, New York 1987
   Google Scholar
• Dizdaroglu M., Aruoma O.I., Halliwell B. Modification of bases in DNA by copper ion-1,10-phenanthroline complexes. Biochemistry 1990; 29: 8447–8451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizdaroglu M., Rao G., Halliwell B., Gajewski E. Damage to the DNA bases in mammalian chromatin by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferric and cupric ions. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1991; 285: 317–324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devasagayam T.P.A., Steenken S., Obendorf M.S.W., Schultz W.A., Sies H. Formation of 8-hydroxy(deoxy)guanosine and generation of strand breaks at guanine residues in DNA by singlet oxygen. Biochemistry 1991; 30: 6283–6289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd R.A., West M.S., Eneff K.L., Schneider J.E. Methylene blue plus light mediates 8-hydroxyguanine formation in DNA. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1989; 273: 106–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ames B.N. Endogenous oxidative DNA damage, aging and cancer. Free Radical Research Communications 1989; 7: 121–128
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kasai H., Crain P.F., Kuchino Y., Nishimura S., Ootsuyama A., Tanooka H. Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine moiety in cellular DNA by agents producing oxygen radicals and evidence for its repair. Carcinogenesis 1986; 7: 1849–1851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd R.A., Watson J.J., Wong P.K., Altmiller D.H., Rickard R.C. Hydroxyl-free radical adduct of deoxyguanosine: sensitive detection and mechanisms of formation. Free Radical Research Communications 1986; 1: 163–172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richter C. Do mitochondrial DNA fragments promote cancer and aging?. FEBS Letters 1988; 241: 1–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd R.A. The role of 8-hydroxyguanine in carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 1990; 11: 1447–1450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraga C.C., Shigenaga M.K., Park J.W., Degan P., Ames B.N. Oxidative damage to DNA during aging: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in rat organ DNA and urine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1990; 87: 4533–4537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizdaroglu M. Chemical determination of free radical-induced damage to DNA. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1991; 10: 225–242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasai H., Tanooka H., Nishimura S. Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine residues in DNA by X-irradiation. Gann 1984; 75: 1037–1039
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacob R.A., Kelley D.S., Pianalto F.S., Swendseid M.E., Hennig S.M., Zhang J.Z., Ames B.N., Fraga C.G., Peters J.H. Immunocompetence and oxidant defense during ascorbate depletion of healthy mean. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1991; 54: 1302S–1309S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizdaroglu M. Application of capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to chemical characterization of radiation-induced base damage in DNA: Implications for assessing DNA repair processes. Analytical Biochemistry 1985; 144: 593–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizdaroglu M. Formation of an 8-hydroxyguanine moiety in deoxyribonucleic acid on γ-irradiation in aqueous solution. Biochemistry 1985; 24: 4475–4481
   Google Scholar
• Gajewski E., Rao G., Nackerdien Z., Dizdaroglu M. Modification of DNA bases in mammalian chromatin by radiation-generated free radicals. Biochemistry 1990; 29: 7876–7882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizdaroglu M., Nackerdien Z., Chao B.C., Gajewski E., Rao G. Chemical nature of in vivo DNA base damage in hydrogen peroxide-treated mammalian cells. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1991; 285: 388–390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boiteux S., Gajewski E., Laval J., Dizdaroglu M. Substrate specificity of the Escherichia coli Fpg protein (Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase): excision of purine lesions in DNA produced by ionizing radiation or photosensitization. Biochemistry 1992, in press
   Google Scholar
• Aiyar J., Berkovits H.J., Floyd R.A., Wetterhahn K.E. Reaction of chromium (VI) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of glutathione: reactive intermediates and resulting DNA damage. Chemical Research in Toxicology 1990; 3: 595–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd R.A., Watson J.J., Harris J., West M., Wong P.K. Formation of 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine, hydroxyl free radical adduct of DNA, in granulocytes exposed to the tumor promoter tetradeconylphorbolacetate. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1986; 137: 841–846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shigenaga M.K., Park J.W., Cundy K.C., Gimeno C.J., Ames B.N. In vivo oxidative DNA damage: measurement of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in DNA and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Methods in Enzymology 1990; 186: 521–530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway C.C., Nie G., Huesain N.S., Fiala E.S. Comparison of oxidative damage to rat liver DNA and RNA by primary nitroalkanes, secondary nitroalkanes, cyclopentanone oxime and related compounds. Cancer Research 1991; 51: 3143–3147
   Google Scholar
• Denda A., Sai K., Tang Q., Tsujuchi T., Tsutsumi M., Amanuwa T., Murata Y., Nakoe D., Maruyama H., Kurokawa Y., Konishi Y. Induction of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine but not initiation of carcinogenesis by redox enzyme modulations with or without menadione in rat liver. Carcinogenesis 1991; 12: 719–726
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hinrichsen L.I., Floyd R.A., Sudilovsky O. Is 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine a mediator of carcinogenesis by a choline-devoid diet in the rat liver?. Carcinogenesis 1990; 11: 1879–1881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heig M.E., Ulrich D., Sagelsdorff P., Richter C., Lutz W.K. No measurable increase in thymidine glycol or 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver DNA of rats treated with nafenopin or choline-devoid low-methionine diet. Mutation Research 1990; 238: 325–329
   Google Scholar
• Richter C., Park J.W., Ames B.N. Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is extensive. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 1988; 85: 6465–6467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiyosawa H., Suko M., Okudaira H., Murata K., Miyamoto T., Chung M.H., Kasai H., Nishimura S. Cigarette smoking induces formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, one of the oxidative DNA damages, in human peripheral leukocytes. Free Radical Research Communications 1990; 11: 23–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouret J.F., Polverelli M., Sarrazini F., Cadet J. Ionic and radical oxidations of DNA by hydrogen peroxide. Chemico-Biological Interactions 1991; 77: 187–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sai K., Takagi A., Umemura T., Hasegawa R., Kurokawa Y. Relation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in rat kidney to lipid peroxidation, glutathione level and relative organ weight after a single administration of potassium bromate. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 1991; 82: 165–169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Umemura T., Sai K., Takagi A., Hasegawa R., Kurokawa Y. The effects of exogenous glutathione and cysteine on oxidative stress induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate. Cancer Letters 1991; 58: 49–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayakawa M., Ogawa T., Sugiyama S., Tanaka M., Ozawa T. Massive conversion of guanine to 8-hydroxyguanosine in mouse liver mitochondrial DNA by administration of azidothymidine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1991; 176: 87–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malins D.C., Haimanot R. 4,6-Diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, 8-hydroxyguanine and 8-hydroxyadenine in DNA from neoplastic liver of English sole exposed to carcinogens. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1990; 173: 614–619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breimer L.H. Molecular mechanisms of oxygen radical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis: the role of DNA base damage. Molecular Carcinogenesis 1990; 3: 188–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breimer L.H. Repair of DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species. Free Radical Research Communications 1991; 14: 159–171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine second edition. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1989
   Google Scholar
• Sharma M., Box H.C., Paul C.R. Detection and quantitation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine 5′-monophosphate in X-irradiated calf-thymus DNA by fluorescence postlabelling. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1990; 167: 419–424
   Google Scholar
• Maccubbin A., Evans M., Paul C.R., Budzinski E.L., Przybyszewski J., Box H.C. Enzymatic excision of radiation-induced lesions from DNA model compounds. Radiation Research 1991; 126: 21–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenkel K., Zhong Z., Wei H., Karkoszka J., Patel U., Rashid K., Georgescu M., Solomon JJ. Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of DNA oxidized in vitro and in vivo. Analytical Biochemistry 1991; 196: 126–136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aida M., Nishumura S. An ab initio molecular orbital study on the characteristics of 8-hydroxyguanine. Mutation Research 1987; 192: 83–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oda Y., Uesugi S., Ikehara M., Nishimura S., Kawase Y., Ishikawa H., Inoue H., Ohtsuka E. NMR studies of a DNA containing 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Nucleic Acids Research 1991; 19: 1407–1412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasai H., Nishimura S. Hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine at the C-8 position by ascorbic acid and other reducing agents. Nucleic Acids Research 1984; 12: 2137–2145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizdaroglu M., Hermes W., Schulte-Frohlinde D., von Sonntag C. Enzymatic digestion of DNA γ-irradiated in aqueous solution. Separation of the digests by ion-exchange chromatography. International Journal of Radiation Biology 1978; 33: 563–569
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd R.A., West M.S., Eneff K.L., Hogsett W.E., Tingey D.T. Hydroxyl free radical mediated formation of 8-hydroxyguanine in isolated DNA. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1988; 262: 266–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malins D.C., Haimanot R. Major alterations in the nucleotide structure of DNA in cancer of the female breast. Cancer Research 1991; 51: 5430–5432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy D., Floyd R.A., Liehr J.G. Elevated 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in DNA of diethylstilbestrol-treated Syrian hamsters; covalent DNA damage by free radicals generated by redox cycling of diethylstilbestrol. Cancer Research 1991; 51: 3882–3885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu L.J.W., Tasaka F., Hokanson J.A., Kohda K. Detection of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguano-sine in deoxyribonucleic acid by the 32P-postlabelling method. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1991; 39: 1880–1882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar