6,535
Views
32
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Herbal and polymeric approaches for liver-targeting drug delivery: novel strategies and their significance

, , &
Pages 1645-1661 | Received 26 May 2014, Accepted 11 Jul 2014, Published online: 07 Aug 2014

References

  • Abe T, Masuda T, Satodate R. (1988). Phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells in splenectomized rats. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 413:457–62
  • Akinc A, Querbes W, De S, et al. (2010). Targeted delivery of RNAi therapeutics with endogenous and exogenous ligand-based mechanisms. Mol Ther 18:1357–64
  • Angulo P. (2002). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med 346:1221–31
  • Arora N, Goldhaber SZ. (2006). Anticoagulants and transaminase elevation. Circulation 113:e698–702
  • Arzt J, Mount M. (1999). Hepatotoxicity associated with pyrrolizidine alkaloid (Crotalaria spp) ingestion in a horse on Easter Island. Vet Hum Toxicol 41:96–9
  • Ashwell G, Harford J. (1982). Carbohydrate-specific receptors of the liver. Ann Rev Biochem 51:531–54
  • Baenziger JU, Fiete D. (1980). Galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine-specific endocytosis of glycopeptides by isolated rat hepatocytes. Cell 22:611–20
  • Bansal R, Prakash J, De Ruiter M, Poelstra K. (2014). Targeted recombinant fusion proteins of IFNγ and mimetic IFNγ with PDGFβR bicyclic peptide inhibits liver fibrogenesis in vivo. PLoS One 9:e89878
  • Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Mailliard ME, et al. (2003). Betaine lowers elevated S-adenosylhomocysteine levels in hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats. J Nutr 133:2845–48
  • Bei Y-Y, Yuan Z-Q, Zhang L, et al. (2014). Novel self-assembled micelles based on palmitoyl-trimethyl-chitosan for efficient delivery of harmine to liver cancer. Exp Opin Drug Deliv 11:843–54
  • Bhardwaj SS, Chalasani N. (2007). Lipid-lowering agents that cause drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Clin Liver Dis 11:597–613
  • Bishayee A, Sarkar A, Chatterjee M. (1995). Hepatoprotective activity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in mouse liver. J Ethnopharmacol 47:69–74
  • Bleibel W, Kim S, D’Silva K, Lemmer ER. (2007). Drug-induced liver injury: review article. Dig Dis Sci 52:2463–71
  • Boll M, Weber LW, Becker E, Stampfl A. (2001). Mechanism of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatocellular damage by reactive carbon tetrachloride metabolites. Z Naturforsch C 56:649–59
  • Bourdi M, Masubuchi Y, Reilly TP, et al. (2002). Protection against acetaminophen-induced liver injury and lethality by interleukin 10: role of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Hepatology 35:289–98
  • Brind AM. (2007). Drugs that damage the liver. Medicine 35:26–30
  • Chan TY, Chan JC, Tomlinson B, Critchley JA. (1994). Poisoning by Chinese herbal medicines in Hong Kong: a hospital-based study. Vet Hum Toxicol 36:546–7
  • Chang C, Schiano T. (2007). Review article: drug hepatotoxicity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 25:1135–51
  • Chen H, Tang L, Qin Y, et al. (2010). Lactoferrin-modified procationic liposomes as a novel drug carrier for brain delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 40:94–102
  • Cheng M, Gao X, Wang Y, et al. (2013a). Synthesis of liver-targeting dual-ligand modified GCGA/5-FU nanoparticles and their characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomed 8:4265–76
  • Cheng M, Xu H, Wang Y, et al. (2013b). Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan nanoparticles enhanced the effect of 5-fluorouracil in murine liver cancer model via regulatory T-cells. Drug Des Dev Ther 7:1287–99
  • Cheng N, Ren N, Gao H, et al. (2013c). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis pollen extract on CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 55:234–40
  • Chitturi S, Farrell GC. (2002). Drug-induced liver disease. In: Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC, eds. Schiff's diseases of the liver, 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 703–83
  • Cho C, Gotο M, Kobayashi A, et al. (1996). Effect of ligand orientation on hepatocyte attachment onto the poly (N p-vinylbenzyl-o-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconamide) as a model ligand of asialoglycoprotein. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 7:1097–104
  • Colombo ML, Bosisio E. (1996). Pharmacological activities of Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae). Pharmacol Res 33:127–34
  • Coombs PJ, Taylor ME, Drickamer K. (2006). Two categories of mammalian galactose-binding receptors distinguished by glycan array profiling. Glycobiology 16:1C–7C
  • Coulstock E, Sosabowski J, Ovečka M, et al. (2013). Liver-targeting of interferon-alpha with tissue-specific domain antibodies. PLoS one 8:e57263
  • Craparo EF, Sardo C, Serio R, et al. (2014). Galactosylated polymeric carriers for liver targeting of sorafenib. Int J Pharm 466:172–80
  • Dangi R, Hurkat P, Jain A, et al. (2014). Targeting liver cancer via ASGP receptor using 5-FU-loaded surface-modified PLGA nanoparticles. J Microencapsul 31:1–9
  • Daniele C, Dahamna S, Firuzi O, et al. (2005). Atractylis gummifera L. poisoning: an ethnopharmacological review. J Ethnopharmacol 97:175–81
  • Deng X, Luyendyk JP, Ganey PE, Roth RA. (2009). Inflammatory stress and idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity: hints from animal models. Pharmacol Rev 61:262–82
  • Detampel P, Witzigmann D, Krähenbühl S, Huwyler J. (2013). Hepatocyte targeting using pegylated asialofetuin-conjugated liposomes. J Drug Target 22:1–10
  • Díez S, Navarro G, De Ilarduya CT. (2009). In vivo targeted gene delivery by cationic nanoparticles for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gene Med 11:38–45
  • Edmondson HA, Peters RL. (1983). Tumors of the liver: pathologic features. Sem Roentgenol (Elsevier) 18:75–83
  • Elmowafy M, Viitala T, Ibrahim HM, et al. (2013). Silymarin loaded liposomes for hepatic targeting: in vitro evaluation and HepG2 drug uptake. Eur J Pharm Sci 50:161–71
  • Ezeuko Vitalis C, Nwokocha Chukwuemeka R, Mounmbegna Philippe E, et al. (2007). Effects of Zingiber officinale on liver function of mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in adult wistar rats. Electron J Biomed 3:40–5
  • Friedman SL. (2008). Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver. Physiol Rev 88:125–72
  • Gagandeep Garg T, Malik B, Rath G, Goyal AK. (2014). Development and characterization of nano-fiber patch for the treatment of glaucoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 53:10–6
  • Gagandeep K. (2010). Asialofetuin-coated PLGA nanoparticles for targeting hepatocytes. DSpace Software 8:31
  • Garg T. (2014). Current nanotechnological approaches for an effective delivery of bio-active drug molecules in the treatment of acne. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 20:1–8
  • Garg T, Goyal AK. (2012). Iontophoresis: drug delivery system by applying an electrical potential across the skin. Drug Deliv Lett 2:270–80
  • Garg T, Goyal AK. (2014a). Biomaterial-based scaffolds – current status and future directions. Exp Opin Drug Deliv 11:767–89
  • Garg T, Goyal AK. (2014b). Liposomes: targeted and controlled delivery system. Drug Deliv Lett 4:62–71
  • Garg T, Rath G, Goyal AK. (2014). Comprehensive review on additives of topical dosage forms for drug delivery. Drug Deliv. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Garg T, Singh O, Arora S, Murthy R. (2011). Patented microencapsulation techniques and its application. J Pharm Res 4:2097–102
  • Garg T, Singh O, Arora S, Murthy R. (2012). Scaffold: a novel carrier for cell and drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 29:1–63
  • Garg T, Singh S, Goyal AK. (2013). Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels: an excellent carrier for drug and cell delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 30:369–409
  • Goldkind L, Laine L. (2006). A systematic review of NSAIDs withdrawn from the market due to hepatotoxicity: lessons learned from the bromfenac experience. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 15:213–20
  • Goldstein JL, Brown MS. (2009). The LDL receptor. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol 29:431–8
  • Gordon DW, Rosenthal G, Hart J, et al. (1995). Chaparral ingestionthe broadening spectrum of liver injury caused by herbal medications. JAMA 273:489–90
  • Gorria M, Tekpli X, Rissel M, et al. (2008). A new lactoferrin-and iron-dependent lysosomal death pathway is induced by benzo [a] pyrene in hepatic epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 228:212–24
  • Goyal AK, Rath G, Garg T. (2013a). Nanotechnological approaches for genetic immunization. DNA RNA Nanobiotechnol Med Diagn Treat Dis 67–120
  • Goyal G, Garg T, Malik B, et al. (2013b). Development and characterization of niosomal gel for topical delivery of benzoyl peroxide. Drug Deliv. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Guo H, Zhang D, Li T, et al. (2014). In vitro and in vivo study of gal-os self-assembled nanoparticles for liver-targeting delivery of doxorubicin. J Pharm Sci 103:987–93
  • Haleagrahara N, Jackie T, Chakravarthi S, et al. (2010). Protective effect of Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) extract on lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Toxicol Sci 35:663–71
  • Haller CA, Dyer JE, Ko R, Olson KR. (2002). Evidence-based case reviews: making a diagnosis of herbal-related toxic hepatitis. West J Med 176:39–44
  • Hashida M, Nishikawa M, Yamashita F, Takakura Y. (2001). Cell-specific delivery of genes with glycosylated carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 52:187–96
  • Hashim F, El-Ridy M, Nasr M, Abdallah Y. (2010). Preparation and characterization of niosomes containing ribavirin for liver targeting. Drug Deliv 17:282–7
  • Hattori Y, Nakamura A, Arai S, et al. (2014). In vivo siRNA delivery system for targeting to the liver by poly-l-glutamic acid-coated lipoplex. Results Pharma Sci 4:1–7
  • Hawkins PR, Runnegar MT, Jackson A, Falconer I. (1985). Severe hepatotoxicity caused by the tropical cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya and Subba Raju isolated from a domestic water supply reservoir. Appl Environ Microbiol 50:1292–5
  • Henry SH, Bosch FX, Troxell TC, Bolger PM. (1999). Policy forum: public health. Reducing liver cancer – global control of aflatoxin. Science 286:2453–4
  • Higuchi Y, Nishikawa M, Kawakami S, et al. (2004). Uptake characteristics of mannosylated and fucosylated bovine serum albumin in primary cultured rat sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. Int J Pharm 287:147–54
  • Hong M, Zhu S, Jiang Y, et al. (2009). Efficient tumor targeting of hydroxycamptothecin loaded PEGylated niosomes modified with transferrin. J Control Release 133:96–102
  • Huang R, Ke W, Liu Y, et al. (2008). The use of lactoferrin as a ligand for targeting the polyamidoamine-based gene delivery system to the brain. Biomaterials 29:238–46
  • Huang W, Wang W, Wang P, et al. (2010). Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified poly (ethylene glycol)–b-poly (γ-benzyl l-glutamate) micelles for liver targeting therapy. Acta Biomater 6:3927–35
  • Huang W, Wang W, Wang P, et al. (2011). Glycyrrhetinic acid-functionalized degradable micelles as liver-targeted drug carrier. J Mater Sci Mater Med 22:853–63
  • Iancu TC, Shiloh H, Dembo L. (1986). Hepatomegaly following short-term high-dose steroid therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 5:41–6
  • Ise H, Sugihara N, Negishi N, et al. (2001). Low asialoglycoprotein receptor expression as markers for highly proliferative potential hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285:172–82
  • Ishak KG, Zimmerman HJ. (1995). Morphologic spectrum of drug-induced hepatic disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 24:759–86
  • Jaeger R, Trabulus M, Murphy S. (1973). Biochemical effects of 1, 1-dichloroethylene in rats: dissociation of its hepatotoxicity from a lipoperoxidative mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 24:457–67
  • Jaeschke H, Gores GJ, Cederbaum AI, et al. (2002). Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 65:166–76
  • Jain D, Kumar A. (2013). Galactosylated poly(d,l-Lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for liver targeted delivery of acyclovir. J Biomed Pharm Res 2:7–14
  • Jain S, Singh P, Mishra V, Vyas S. (2005). Mannosylated niosomes as adjuvant–carrier system for oral genetic immunization against Hepatitis B. Immunol Lett 101:41–9
  • Jenkins L Jr, Trabulus M, Murphy S. (1972). Biochemical effects of 1,1-dichloroethylene in rats: comparison with carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethylene. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 23:501–10
  • Jeong SC, Kim SM, Jeong YT, Song CH. (2013). Hepatoprotective effect of water extract from Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower. Chin Med 8:7
  • Jiang S, Gavrikova TA, Messina JL. (2014). Regulation of hepatic insulin receptor activity following injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 306:G886–92
  • Jiwpanich S. (2011). Design and synthesis of a new class of self-cross-linked polymer nanogels. Dissertations, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
  • Joseph B. (2011). Effect of bioactive compounds and its pharmaceutical activities of sida cordifolia (Linn.). Int J Biol Med Res 2:1038–42
  • Kälin P. (2003). The common butterbur (Petasites hybridus)–portrait of a medicinal herb. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 10:41–4. [In German]
  • Kallis YN, Scotton CJ, Mackinnon AC, et al. (2014). Proteinase activated receptor 1 mediated fibrosis in a mouse model of liver injury: a role for bone marrow derived macrophages. PLoS One 9:e86241
  • Kamruzzaman Selim K, Ha Y-S, Kim S-J, et al. (2007). Surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles using lactobionic acid and their interaction with hepatocytes. Biomaterials 28:710–6
  • Kanbak G, Dokumacioglu A, Tektas A, et al. (2009). Betaine (trimethylglycine) as a nutritional agent prevents oxidative stress after chronic ethanol consumption in pancreatic tissue of rats. Int J Vit Nutr Res 79:79–86
  • Kao W-F, Hung D-Z, Tsai W-J, et al. (1992). Podophyllotoxin intoxication: toxic effect of Bajiaolian in herbal therapeutics. Hum Exp Toxicol 11:480–7
  • Kaplowitz N. (2001). Drug-induced liver disorders. Drug Saf 24:483–90
  • Kaplowitz N. (2004). Drug-induced liver injury. Clin Infect Dis 38:S44–8
  • Kaur M, Garg T, Rath G, Goyal AK. (2014a). Current nanotechnological strategies for effective delivery of bioactive drug molecules in the treatment of tuberculosis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 31:49–88
  • Kaur M, Malik B, Garg T, et al. (2014b). Development and characterization of guar gum nanoparticles for oral immunization against tuberculosis. Drug Deliv
  • Kaur R, Garg T, Malik B, et al. (2014c). Development and characterization of spray-dried porous nanoaggregates for pulmonary delivery of anti-tubercular drugs. Drug Deliv 28:1–6
  • Kawakami S, Sato A, Nishikawa M, et al. (2000). Mannose receptor-mediated gene transfer into macrophages using novel mannosylated cationic liposomes. Gene Ther 7:292–9
  • Kedderis GL. (1996). Biochemical basis of hepatocellular injury. Toxicol Pathol 24:77–83
  • Khalili H, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Rasoolinejad M, et al. (2009). Anti-tuberculosis drugs related hepatotoxicity; incidence, risk factors, pattern of changes in liver enzymes and outcome. Daru 17:163–7
  • Kharbanda KK. (2009). Alcoholic liver disease and methionine metabolism. Semin Liver Dis 29:155–65
  • Khatri A, Garg A, Agrawal SS. (2009). Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea L. and stem bark of Tecomella undulata. J Ethnopharmacol 122:1–5
  • Kim H-S, Lim H-K, Chung M-W, Kim YC. (2000). Antihepatotoxic activity of bergenin, the major constituent of Mallotus japonicus, on carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated hepatocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 69:79–83
  • King PD, Perry MC. (2001). Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy. Semin Oncol 6:162–76
  • Klaassen CD. (2001). Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons. New York: McGraw-Hill
  • Kmiec Z. (2001). Cooperation of liver cells in health and disease: with 18 tables. Berlin: Springer
  • Kobayashi A, Goto M, Kobayashi K, Akaike T. (1995). Receptor-mediated regulation of differentiation and proliferation of hepatocytes by synthetic polymer model of asialoglycoprotein. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 6:325–42
  • Kouzi SA, McMurtry RJ, Nelson SD. (1994). Hepatotoxicity of germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.) and one of its constituent neoclerodane diterpenes teucrin A in the mouse. Chem Res Toxicol 7:850–6
  • Kremer JM, Lee RG, Tolman KG. (1989). Liver histology in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy. A prospective study with baseline and sequential biopsy samples. Arthritis Rheum 32:121–7
  • Kuriakose GC, Kurup MG. (2011). Antioxidant and antihepatotoxic effect of Spirulina laxissima against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Food Funct 2:190–6
  • Lahon K, Das S. (2011). Hepatoprotective activity of Ocimum sanctum alcoholic leaf extract against paracetamol-induced liver damage in Albino rats. Pharmacognosy Res 3:13–8
  • Langman G, Hall PDLM, Todd G. (2001). Role of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in methotrexate-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:1395–401
  • Larrey D. (1997). Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies. J Hepatol 26:47–51
  • Lee C, Park S, Kim YS, et al. (2007). Protective mechanism of glycyrrhizin on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 30:1898–904
  • Lee WM. (2003). Drug-induced hepatotoxicity. N Engl J Med 349:474–85
  • Li B, Yu M, Pan X, et al. (2014). Artesunate reduces serum lipopolysaccharide in cecal ligation/puncture mice via enhanced LPS internalization by macrophages through increased mRNA expression of scavenger receptors. Int J Mol Sci 15:1143–61
  • Li C, Zhang D, Guo H, et al. (2013). Preparation and characterization of galactosylated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for liver-targeted delivery of oridonin. Int J Pharm 448:79–86
  • Li X, Huang Y, Chen X, et al. (2009). Self-assembly and characterization of Pluronic P105 micelles for liver-targeted delivery of silybin. J Drug Target 17:739–50
  • Lieber CS. (1994). Metabolic consequences of ethanol. Endocrinologist 4:127–39
  • List EO, Berryman DE, Funk K, et al. (2014). Liver-specific GH receptor gene disrupted (LiGHRKO) mice have decreased endocrine IGF-I, increased local IGF-I, and altered body size, body composition, and adipokine profiles. Endocrinology 155:1793–805
  • Liu G, Bi Y, Wang R, et al. (2014). Targeting S1P1 receptor protects against murine immunological hepatic injury through myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunol 192:3068–79
  • Luper S. (1998). A review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part 1. Altern Med Rev J Clin Ther 3:410–21
  • Lynch T, Price A. (2007). The effect of cytochrome P450 metabolism on drug response, interactions, and adverse effects. Am Family Physician 76:391–6
  • Macgregor F, Abernethy V, Dahabra S, et al. (1989). Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies. BMJ 299:1156
  • Mahesh A, Kumar H, Ranganath M, Devkar RA. (2012). Detail study on Boerhaavia diffusa plant for its medicinal importance – a review. Res J Pharm Sci 1:28–36
  • Maitani Y, Kawano K, Yamada K, et al. (2001). Efficiency of liposomes surface-modified with soybean-derived sterylglucoside as a liver targeting carrier in HepG2 cells. J Control Release 75:381–9
  • Manokaran S, Jaswanth A, Sengottuvelu S, et al. (2008). Hepatoprotective activity of Aerva lanata Linn. against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Res J Pharm Technol 1:398–400
  • Martinez LO, Jacquet S, Esteve J-P, et al. (2003). Ectopic β-chain of ATP synthase is an apolipoprotein AI receptor in hepatic HDL endocytosis. Nature 421:75–9
  • Maton A, Hopkins J, Mclaughlin CW,et al. (1993). Human biology and health. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
  • McAbee D, Jiang X, Walsh K. (2000). Lactoferrin binding to the rat asialoglycoprotein receptor requires the receptor’s lectin properties. Biochem J 348:113–7
  • McAbee DD, Bennatt DJ, Ling YY. (1998). Identification and analysis of a Ca2+-dependent lactoferrin receptor in rat liver. Adv Lactoferrin Res (Springer) 443:113–21
  • McDonald CJ, Wallace DF, Ostini L, Subramaniam VN. (2014). Parenteral vs. oral iron: influence on hepcidin signaling pathways through analysis of Hfe/Tfr2-null mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 306:G132–9
  • Mishra D, Jain N, Rajoriya V, Jain AK. (2014). Glycyrrhizin conjugated chitosan nanoparticles for hepatocyte-targeted delivery of lamivudine. J Pharm Pharmacol 66:1082–93
  • Mochizuki M, Shimizu S, Urasoko Y, et al. (2009). Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in pregnant and lactating rats. J Toxicol Sci 34:175–81
  • Mortazavi SR, Nassiri-Asl M, Farahani-Nick Z, et al. (2007). Protective effects of Fumaria vaillantii extract on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Online 3:385–93
  • Moses G. (2005). Complementary and alternative medicine use in the elderly. J Pharm Pract Res 35:63–8
  • Moss D, Powell LW, Halliday JW, et al. (1992). Functional roles of the ferritin receptors of human liver, hepatoma, lymphoid and erythroid cells. J Inorg Biochem 47:219–27
  • Murray KF, Hadzic N, Wirth S, et al. (2008). Drug-related hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 47:395–405
  • Nadim M, Malik AA, Ahmad J, Bakshi S. (2011). The essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. cultivated under tropical condition in India. World J Agric Sci 7:561–5
  • Narendra K, Swathi J, Sowjanya K, Satya AK. (2012). Phyllanthus niruri: a review on its ethno botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological profile. J Pharm Res 5:4681–91
  • Narmada BC, Kang Y, Venkatraman L, et al. (2013). Hepatic stellate cell-targeted delivery of hepatocyte growth factor transgene via bile duct infusion enhances its expression at fibrotic foci to regress dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis. Hum Gene Ther 24:508–19
  • Naruse K, Tang W, Makuuchi M. (2007). Artificial and bioartificial liver support: a review of perfusion treatment for hepatic failure patients. World J Gastroenterol 13:1516–21
  • Navarro VJ, Senior JR. (2006). Drug-related hepatotoxicity. N Engl J Med 354:731–9
  • Negishi M, Irie A, Nagata N, Ichikawa A. (1991). Specific binding of glycyrrhetinic acid to the rat liver membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 1066:77–82
  • Nishikawa M, Takemura S, Yamashita F, et al. (2000). Pharmacokinetics and in vivo gene transfer of plasmid DNA complexed with mannosylated poly(L-Lysine) in mice. J Drug Target 8:29–38
  • O'Connor N, Dargan PI, Jones AL. (2003). Hepatocellular damage from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. QJM 96:787–91
  • Olson H, Betton G, Robinson D, et al. (2000). Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 32:56–67
  • Om P. (2011). Clinical biochemistry of hepatotoxicity. J Clin Toxicol S4:1–19
  • Ong ZY, Yang C, Gao SJ, et al. (2013). Galactose-functionalized cationic polycarbonate diblock copolymer for targeted gene delivery to hepatocytes. Macromol Rapid Commun 34:1714–20
  • Pari L, Mohamed Jalaludeen A. (2011). Protective role of sinapic acid against arsenic-induced toxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact 194:40–7
  • Parnami N, Garg T, Rath G, Goyal AK. (2013). Development and characterization of nanocarriers for topical treatment of psoriasis by using combination therapy. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol
  • Patel T, Roberts LR, Jones BA, Gores GJ. (1998). Dysregulation of apoptosis as a mechanism of liver disease: an overview. Semin Liver Dis 18:105–14
  • Perez-Amador M, Munoz Ocotero V, Ibarra Balcazar R, Garcia Jimenez F. (2010). Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Mikania micrantha HBK (Asteraceae). Phyton Rev Int Bot Exp 79:77–80
  • Piroth L. (2005). Liver steatosis in HIV-infected patients. AIDS Rev 7:197–209
  • Popielarski SR, Pun SH, Davis ME. (2005). A nanoparticle-based model delivery system to guide the rational design of gene delivery to the liver. 1. Synthesis and characterization. Bioconjug Chem 16:1063–70
  • Purushotham KR, Lockard VG, Mehendale HM. (1988). Amplification of chloroform hepatotoxicity and lethality by dietary chlordecone (Kepone®) in mice. Toxicol Pathol 16:27–34
  • Ramirez-Garcia A, Arteta B, Abad-Diaz-De-Cerio A, et al. (2013). Candida albicans increases tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro: intraspecific differences and importance of the mannose receptor. PLoS One 8:e53584
  • Raphael E. (2012). Phytochemical constituents of some leaves extract of Aloe vera and Azadirachta indica plant species. Global Adv Res J Environ Sci Toxicol 1:14–7
  • Rawat A, Mehrotra S, Tripathi S, Shome U. (1997). Hepatoprotective activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. roots – a popular Indian ethnomedicine. J Ethnopharmacol 56:61–6
  • Rensen PC, Sliedregt LA, Ferns M, et al. (2001). Determination of the upper size limit for uptake and processing of ligands by the asialoglycoprotein receptor on hepatocytesin vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 276:37577–84
  • Ricaurte B, Guirguis A, Taylor HC, Zabriskie D. (2006). Simvastatin-amiodarone interaction resulting in rhabdomyolysis, azotemia, and possible hepatotoxicity. Ann Pharmacother 40:753–7
  • Rollins BJ. (1986). Hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Am J Med 81:297–306
  • Rost MS, Sumanas S. (2014). Hyaluronic acid receptor stabilin-2 regulates Erk phosphorylation and arterial-venous differentiation in zebrafish. PLoS One 9:e88614
  • Samy A, Elmowafy M, Arafa M, et al. (2014). Complement activation assay and in vivo evaluation of silymarin loaded liver targeting liposome. J Life Med 2
  • Saukkonen JJ, Cohn DL, Jasmer RM, et al. (2006). An official ATS statement: hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:935–52
  • Schimanski CC, Burg J, Möhler M, et al. (2004). Phenprocoumon-induced liver disease ranges from mild acute hepatitis to (sub-) acute liver failure. J Hepatol 41:67–74
  • Selim KK, Xing Z-C, Guo H, Kang I-K. (2009). Immobilization of lactobionic acid on the surface of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles and their interaction with hepatocytes. J Mater Sci Mater Med 20:1945–53
  • Shaikh M, Sancheti J, Sathaye S. (2012). Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Eclipta alba (Linn.) hassak leaves for antiepileptic activity. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 4:77–80
  • Sharma OP, Makkar HPS, Dawra RK. (1988). A review of the noxious plant Lantana camara. Toxicon 26:975–87
  • Shegokar R, Singh KK. (2011). Surface modified nevirapine nanosuspensions for viral reservoir targeting: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 421:341–52
  • Shen D, Wu Q, Wang M, et al. (2006). Determination of the predominant catechins in Acacia catechu by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 54:3219–24
  • Shi J, Qi X, Yang L, et al. (2006). Liver targeting of cationic liposomes modified with soybean-derived sterylglucoside in vitro. Yao Xue Xue Bao 41:19–23
  • Shimizu S, Atsumi R, Itokawa K, et al. (2009). Metabolism-dependent hepatotoxicity of amodiaquine in glutathione-depleted mice. Arch Toxicol 83:701–7
  • Singh G, Sharma P, Dudhe R, Singh S. (2010). Biological activities of Withania somnifera. Ann Biol Res 1:56–63
  • Singh H, Sharma R, Joshi M, et al. (2014a). Transmucosal delivery of Docetaxel by mucoadhesive polymeric nanofibers. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Singh O, Garg T, Rath G, Goyal AK. (2014b). Microbicides for the treatment of sexually transmitted hiv infections. J Pharm 2014:1–18
  • Singh V, Sharma S, Dhar K, Kalia A. (2013). Activity guided isolation of anti-inflammatory compound/fraction from root of Ricinus communis Linn. Int J PharmTech Res 5:1142–9
  • Smith DK, Grohskopf LA, Black RJ, et al. (2005). Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States: recommendations from the US Department of Health and Human Services. MMWR Recomm Rep 54:1–20
  • Soni MP, Shelkar N, Gaikwad RV, et al. (2014). Buparvaquone loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery in theleriosis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 6:22–30
  • Sonoke S, Ueda T, Fujiwara K, et al. (2011). Galactose-modified cationic liposomes as a liver-targeting delivery system for small interfering RNA. Biol Pharm Bull 34:1338–42
  • Stickel F, Egerer G, Seitz HK. (2000). Hepatotoxicity of botanicals. Public Health Nutr 3:113–24
  • Stickel F, Seitz H, Hahn E, Schuppan D. (2001). Liver toxicity of drugs of plant origin. Zeitsch Gastroenterol 39:225–32, 234–7
  • Storch K-F, Lipan O, Leykin I, et al. (2002). Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart. Nature 417:78–83
  • Street RA, Sidana J, Prinsloo G. (2013). Cichorium intybus: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med 1–13
  • Strickland DK, Au DT, Cunfer P, Muratoglu SC. (2014). Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1: role in the regulation of vascular integrity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34:487–98
  • Sulkowski MS, Mehta SH, Chaisson RE, et al. (2004). Hepatotoxicity associated with protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens with or without concurrent ritonavir. Aids 18:2277–84
  • Tabassum S, Mahmood S, Hanif J, et al. (2012). An overview of medicinal importance of SWERTIA CHIRAYITA. Int J Appl Sci Technol 2:298–304
  • Teschke R, Glass X, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. (2012). Suspected greater celandine hepatotoxicity: liver-specific causality evaluation of published case reports from Europe. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24:270–80
  • Tian J, Wang L, Wang L, Ke X. (2013). A wogonin-loaded glycyrrhetinic acid-modified liposome for hepatic targeting with anti-tumor effects. Drug Deliv 1–7
  • Tian Q, Wang X-H, Wang W, et al. (2012). Self-assembly and liver targeting of sulfated chitosan nanoparticles functionalized with glycyrrhetinic acid. Nanomedicine Nanotechnol Biol Med 8:870–9
  • Uetrecht J. (2005). Role of animal models in the study of drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions. AAPS J 7:E914–21
  • Vale N, Moreira R, Gomes P. (2009). Primaquine revisited six decades after its discovery. Eur J Med Chem 44:937–53
  • Verma VK, Siddiqui N. (2011). Bioactive chemical constituents from the plant Verbena officinalis Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 3:108–9
  • Wallace JL. (2004). Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: NO to the rescue. Br J Pharmacol 143:1–2
  • Wang H-X, Xiong M-H, Wang Y-C, et al. (2013). N-acetylgalactosamine functionalized mixed micellar nanoparticles for targeted delivery of siRNA to liver. J Control Release 166:106–14
  • Wang L, Li M, Zhang N. (2012a). Folate-targeted docetaxel-lipid-based-nanosuspensions for active-targeted cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 7:3281–94
  • Wang SN, Deng YH, Xu H, et al. (2006). Synthesis of a novel galactosylated lipid and its application to the hepatocyte-selective targeting of liposomal doxorubicin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 62:32–8
  • Wang Y, Wang L, Liu Z, et al. (2012b). In vivo evaluation of silybin nanosuspensions targeting liver. J Biomed Nanotechnol 8:760–9
  • Wei M, Xu Y, Zou Q, et al. (2012). Hepatocellular carcinoma targeting effect of PEGylated liposomes modified with lactoferrin. Eur J Pharm Sci 46:131–41
  • Wolfrum C, Shi S, Jayaprakash KN, et al. (2007). Mechanisms and optimization of in vivo delivery of lipophilic siRNAs. Nat Biotechnol 25:1149–57
  • Woods R, Greally J. (1979). Complement receptors on mouse foetal liver cells. Dev Comp Immunol 3:161–74
  • Wu D-Q, Lu B, Chang C, et al. (2009). Galactosylated fluorescent labeled micelles as a liver targeting drug carrier. Biomaterials 30:1363–71
  • Wu F, Xu T, Liu C, et al. (2013). Glycyrrhetinic acid-poly (ethylene glycol)-glycyrrhetinic acid tri-block conjugates based self-assembled micelles for hepatic targeted delivery of poorly water soluble drug. Sci World J 2013:1–10
  • Wu J, Nantz MH, Zern MA. (2002). Targeting hepatocytes for drug and gene delivery: emerging novel approaches and applications. Front Biosci J Virt Lib 7:17–25
  • Xu JJ, Diaz D, O’Brien PJ. (2004). Applications of cytotoxicity assays and pre-lethal mechanistic assays for assessment of human hepatotoxicity potential. Chem Biol Inter 150:115–28
  • Yamaura K, Shimada M, Nakayama N, Ueno K. (2011). Protective effects of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of CYP2E1 in rats. Pharmacognosy Res 3:250–5
  • Yang W, Zhang X, Liu Y. (2014). Asialoglycoprotein receptor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals for measurement of liver function. Curr Med Chem 21:4–23
  • Yeong ML, Swinburn B, Kennedy M, Nicholson G. (1990). Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with comfrey ingestion. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:211–4
  • You Y, Yoo S, Yoon H-G, et al. (2010). In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract from Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 48:1632–7
  • Zhao C, Feng Q, Dou Z, et al. (2013). Local targeted therapy of liver metastasis from colon cancer by galactosylated liposome encapsulated with doxorubicin. PLoS One 8:e73860
  • Zhipeng C, Lu X, Baochang C. (2012). Novel materials which possess the ability to target liver cells. Drug Deliv 2:649–56
  • Zhu L, Mahato RI. (2010). Targeted delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells by bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 21:2119–27
  • Zhu XL, Du YZ, Yu RS, et al. (2013). Galactosylated chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma cell-targeted delivery of adenosine triphosphate. Int J Mol Sci 14:15755–66

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.