References
- Benson HAE. (2005). Transdermal drug delivery: penetration enhancement techniques. Curr Drug Deliv 2:23–33
- Brugè F, Damiani E, Puglia C, et al. (2013). Nanolipid carriers loaded with CoQ10: effect on human dermal fibroblasts under normal and UVA-mediated oxidative conditions. Int J Pharm 455:348–56
- Choi MJ, Maibach HI. (2005). Liposomes and niosomes as topical drug delivery systems. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 18:209–19
- Cronstein BN, Kimmel SC, Levin RI, et al. (1992). A mechanism for the antiinflammatory effects of corticosteroids: the glucocorticoid receptor regulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:9991–5
- de Leeuw J, de Vijlder HC, Bjerring P, Neumann HAM. (2009). Liposomes in dermatology today. Discusses the characteristics of liposome formulations, a synopsis of the state of liposome research and how liposomal formulations are impacting the field of dermal drug delivery. J Eur Acad Dermatol 23:505–16
- Egbaria K, Ramachandran C, Weiner N. (1990). Topical delivery of ciclosporin: evaluation of various formulations using in vitro diffusion studies in hairless mouse skin. Skin Pharmacol 3:21–8
- El Maghraby GM, Barry BW, Williams AC. (2008). Liposomes and skin: from drug delivery to model membranes. Eur J Pharm Sci 34:203–22
- Fattal E, Rojas J, Roblot-Treupel L, et al. (1991). Ampicillin-loaded liposomes and nanoparticles: comparison of drug loading, drug release and in vitro antimicrobial activity. J Microencapsul 8:29–36
- Fresta M, Puglisi G. (1997). Corticosteroid dermal delivery with skin-lipid liposomes. J Control Release 44:141–51
- Gabrijelčič V, Šentjurc M. (1995). Influence of hydrogels on liposome stability and on the transport of liposome entrapped substances into the skin. Int J Pharm 118:207–12
- Gautam A, Singh D, Vijayaraghavan R. (2011). Dermal exposure of nanoparticles: an understanding. J Cell Tissue Research 11:2703–8
- Gokce EH, Korkmaz E, Dellera E, et al. (2012). Resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles versus nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluation of antioxidant potential for dermal applications. Int J Nanomedicine 7:1841–50
- Honeywell-Nguyen PL, Bouwstra JA. (2005). Vesicles as a tool for transdermal and dermal delivery. Drug Discov Today Technol 2:67–74
- Ishii H, Fujino K, Todo H, Sugibayashi K. (2012). Evaluation of the skin blanching of topically applied steroids using a Chroma meter in animals. Exp Anim 6:147–56
- Jung SH, Cho YS, Jun SS, et al. (2011). Topical application of liposomal cobalamin hydrogel for atopic dermatitis therapy. Pharmazie 66:430–5
- Kang MJ, Eum JY, Park SH, et al. (2010). Pep-1 peptide-conjugated elastic liposomal formulation of taxifolin glycoside for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Int J Pharm 402:198–204
- Kawakami T, Ando T, Kimura M, et al. (2009). Mast cells in atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Immunol 21:666–78
- Kircik LH. (2012). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and corneometry with hydrogel vehicle in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a randomized, investigator-blind pilot study. J Drugs Dermatol 11:180–4
- Lei W, Yu C, Lin H, Zhou X. (2013). Development of tacrolimus-loaded transfersomes for deeper skin penetration enhancement and therapeutic effect improvement in vivo. AJPS 8:336–45
- Liu J, Hu G. (2007). Advances in studies of phospholipids as carriers in skin topical application. JNMU 21:349–53
- Mura P, Maestrelli F, Gonzalez-Rodriguez ML, et al. (2007). Development, characterization and in vivo evaluation of benzocaine-loaded liposomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 67:86–95
- Naderkhani E, Erber A, Škalko-Basnet N, Flaten GE. (2014). Improved permeability of acyclovir: optimization of mucoadhesive liposomes using the phospholipid vesicle-based permeation assay. J Pharm Sci 103:661–8
- Nojima H, Carstens E. (2003). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2 receptor involvement in acute 5-HT-evoked scratching but not in allergic pruritus Induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 306:245–52
- Ozcan I, Azizoglu E, Senyigit T, et al. (2013a). Comparison of PLGA and lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles for dermal targeting of betamethasone valerate. J Drug Target 21:542–50
- Ozcan I, Azizoglu E, Şenyigit T, et al. (2013b). Enhanced dermal delivery of diflucortolone valerate using lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations. Int J Nanomedicine 8:461–75
- Paudel KS, Milewski M, Swadley CL, et al. (2010). Challenges and opportunities in dermal/transdermal delivery. Ther Deliv 1:109–31
- Pavelic Z, Skalko-Basnet N, Jalsenjak I. (2005). Characterisation and in vitro evaluation of bioadhesive liposome gels for local therapy of vaginitis. Int J Pharm 301:140–8
- Pople PV, Singh KK. (2010). Targeting tacrolimus to deeper layers of skin with improved safety for treatment of atopic dermatitis. Int J Pharm 398:165–78
- Reis CP, Jeronimo AR, Pinto P, et al. (2013). Hydrocortisone acetate-loaded PCL nanoparticles as an innovative dermatological therapy for atopic dermatitis. Biomed Biopharm Res 10:73–82
- Requena L, Cerroni L, Kutzner H. (2012). Histopathologic patterns associated with external agents. Dermatol Clin 30:731–48
- Rosado C, Silva C, Reis CR. (2013). Hydrocortisone-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles for atopic dermatitis treatment. Pharm Dev Technol 18:710–18
- Santos Maia C, Mehnert W, Schaller M, et al. (2002). Drug targeting by solid lipid nanoparticles for dermal use. J Drug Target 10:489–95
- Schleyerbach R, Weithmann KU, Barlett R. (2002). Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activity. In: Vogel HG, ed. Drug discovery and evaluation; pharmacological assays. Berlin Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag, 983–1115
- Senyigit T, Ozcan I, Ozer O. (2012). Innovative topical formulations for treatment of dermatitis. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 6:186–201
- Sezer AD, Bas AL, Akbuga J. (2004). Encapsulation of enrofloxacin in liposomes I: preparation and in vitro characterization of LUV. J Liposome Res 14:77–86
- Shivhare UD, Ambulkar DU, Mathur VB, et al. (2009). Formulation and evaluation of pentoxifylline liposome formulation. Dig J Nanomater Bios 4:857–62
- Sinico C, Manconi M, Peppi M, et al. (2005). Liposomes as carriers for dermal delivery of tretinoin: in vitro evaluation of drug permeation and vesicle–skin interaction. J Control Release 103:123–36
- Tan Q, Liu W, Guo C, Zhai G. (2011). Preparation and evaluation of quercetin-loaded lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles for topical delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 6:1621–30
- Upadhyay SU, Patel JK, Patel VA, Saluja AK. (2012). Effect of different lipids and surfactants on formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles incorporating tamoxifen citrate. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 4:112–13
- van Kuijk-Meuwissen ME, Mougin L, Junginger HE, Bouwstra JA. (1998). Application of vesicles to rat skin in vivo: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study. J Control Release 56:189–96
- Wu G, Li L, Sung GH, et al. (2011). Inhibition of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by topical application of the butanol extract of Cordyceps bassiana in NC/Nga mice. J Ethnopharmacol 134:504–9
- Zhang H, Wang ZY, Gong W, et al. (2011). Development and characteristics of temperature-sensitive liposomes for vinorelbine bitartrate. Int J Pharm 414:56–62