REFERENCES
- Abroms, L., Simons-Morton, B., Haynie, D. L., & Chen, R. (2005). Psychosocial predictors of smoking trajectories during middle and high school. Addiction, 100, 852–861.
- Audrain-McGovern, J., Rodriguez, D., Tercyak, K. P., Cuevas, J., Rodgers, K., & Patterson, F. (2004). Identifying and characterizing adolescent smoking trajectories. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 13, 2023–2034.
- Chassin, L., Pitts, S., & Prost, J. (2002). Binge drinking trajectories from adolescence to emerging adulthood in a high-risk sample: Predictors and substance abuse outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 67–78.
- Chassin, L., Presson, C., Pitts, S., & Sherman, S. (2000). The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood in a Midwestern community sample: Multiple trajectories and their psychosocial correlates. Health Psychology, 19, 223–231.
- Chung, T., Maisto, S., Cornelius, J., Martin, C., & Jackson, K. (2005). Joint trajectory analysis of treated adolescents’ alcohol use and symptoms over 1 year. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 1690–1701.
- Colder, C., Mehta, P., Balanda, K., Campbell, R., Mayhew, K., Stanton, W., (2001). Identifying trajectories of adolescent smoking: An application of latent growth mixture modeling. Health Psychology, 20, 127–135.
- Colder, C. R., Flay, B. R., Segawa, E., Hedeker, D., & TERN members. (2008). Trajectories of smoking among freshmen college students with prior smoking history and risk for future smoking: Data from the University Project Tobacco Etiology Research Network (UpTERN) study. Addiction, 103, 1534–1543.
- Collins, L. M., & Graham, J. (2002). The effect of the timing and spacing of observations in longitudinal studies of tobacco and other drug use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 68(Suppl. 4), 85–96.
- Costello, D., Dierker, L., Jones, B., & Rose, J. (2008). Trajectories of smoking from adolescence to early adulthood and their psychosocial risk factors. Health Psychology, 27, 811–818.
- Delucchi, K. L., Matzger, H., & Weisner, C. (2004). Dependent and problem drinking over 5 years: A latent class growth analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 74, 235–244.
- Dierker, L., Lloyd-Richardson, E., Stolar, M., Flay, B., Tiffany, S., Collins, L., (2006). The proximal association between smoking and alcohol use among first year college students. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 81, 1–9.
- Ellickson, P. L., Martino, S. C., & Collins, R. L. (2004). Marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood: Multiple developmental trajectories and their associated outcomes. Health Psychology, 23(3), 299–307.
- Freedman, M., Lester, K., McNamara, C., Milby, J., & Schumacher, J. (2006). Cell phones for ecological momentary assessment with cocaine-addicted homeless patients in treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 30(2), 105–111.
- Guo, J., Chung, I., Hill, K., Hawkins, J., Catalano, R., & Abbott, R. (2002). Developmental relationships between adolescent substance use and risky sexual behavior in young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 354–362.
- Hoeppner, B. B., Goodwin, M. S., Velicer, W. F., Mooney, M. E., & Hatsukami, D. K. (2008). Detecting longitudinal patterns of daily smoking following drastic cigarette reduction. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 623–639.
- Hopper, J. W., Su, Z., Looby, A. R., Ryan, E. T., Penetar, D. M., Palmer, C. M., (2006). Incidence and patterns of polydrug use and craving for ecstasy in regular ecstasy users: An ecological momentary assessment study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 85(3), 221–235.
- Hu, M. C., Muthen, B., Schaffran, C., Griesler, P. C., & Kandel, D. B. (2008). Developmental trajectories of criteria of nicotine dependence in adolescence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 98, 94–104.
- Huizinga, D. (1979). Dynamic typologies: A means of exploring longitudinal multivariate data. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Classification Society, Gainesville, FL.
- Jackson, K. M., Sher, K. J., & Wood, P. K. (2000). Trajectories of concurrent substance use disorders: A developmental, typological approach to comorbidity. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 24(6), 902–913.
- Jones, B., Nagin, D., & Roeder, K. (2001). A SAS procedure based on mixture models for estimating developmental trajectories. Sociological Methods and Research, 29, 384–393.
- Lessov-Schlaggar, C. N., Hops, H., Brigham, J., Hudmon, K. S., Andrews, J. A., Tildesley, E., (2008). Adolescent smoking trajectories and nicotine dependence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10(2), 341–351.
- Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (2000). Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analyses: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 882–891.
- Nagin, D. (1999). Analyzing developmental trajectories: A semiparametric, group-based approach. Psychological Methods, 4, 139–157.
- Nagin, D. (2005). Group-based modeling of development. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
- Nylund, K., Asparouhov, T., & Muthen, B. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14, 535–569.
- Orlando, M., Tucker, J., Ellickson, P., & Klein, D. (2004). Developmental trajectories of cigarette smoking and their correlates from early adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 400–410.
- Segal, R. M. (1992). Tree-structured methods for longitudinal data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87, 407–418.
- Shedden, K., & Zucker, R. (2008). Regularized finite mixture models for probability. Trajectories Psychometrika, 73, 625–646.
- Stanton, W., Flay, B., Colder, C., & Mehta, P. (2004). Identifying and predicting adolescent smokers’ developmental trajectories. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 843–852.
- Tan, X. M., Dierkera, L., Li, R., & Rose, J. (2009). Growth mixture trajectory modeling: How do design and measurement decisions impact estimates and interpretation of substance use data? Manuscript submitted.
- Tiffany, S., Agnew, C., Maylath, N., Dierker, L. C., Flaherty, B. P., Richardson, E., (2004). Smoking and college freshman: University project of the Tobacco Etiology Research Network (UpTERN)— Technical report. TERN. Retrieved October 10, 2008 from http://www.tern.org/Publications.htm
- Velicer, W. F., & Rossi, J. S. (1986). A dynamic typology and cross sequential profiles: An example. Paper presented at the Psychometric Society Meeting, Toronto, ON.
- White, H. (1982). Maximum likelihood estimation of misspecified models. Econometrica, 50(1), 1–25.
- White, H. R., Pandina, R. J., & Chen, P. Y. (2002). Developmental trajectories of cigarette use from early adolescence into young adulthood. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 65(2), 167–178.