377
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Essential Elements of Treatment: A Comparative Study Between European and American Therapeutic Communities for Addiction

, , , &
Pages 1023-1031 | Published online: 14 Jan 2011

REFERENCES

  • Alterman, A., Randall, M., & McLellan, A. (2000). Comparison of outcomes by gender and for fee-for-service versus managed care: A study of nine community programs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 19, 127–134.
  • Broekaert, E. (2006). What future for the Therapeutic Community in the field of addiction? A view from Europe. Addiction, 101, 1677–1678.
  • Broekaert, E., Colpaert, K., Soyez, V., Vanderplasschen, W., & Vandevelde, S. (2007). Transatlantic dialectics: A study on similarities and dissimilarities in approaches to substance abuse problems in the United States and Europe. International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, 28, 33–44.
  • Broekaert, E., Vanderplasschen, W., Temmerman, I., Ottenberg, D., & Kaplan, C. (2000). Retrospective study of similarities and relations between the American drug free and the European therapeutic communities for children and adults. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 32, 407–417.
  • Broekaert, E., Van Der Straten, G., D'Oosterlinck, F., & Kooyman, M. (1999). The Therapeutic Community for ex-addicts: A view from Europe. Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal for Therapeutic and Supportive Organizations, 20, 255–266.
  • Broekaert, E., Vandevelde, S., Schuyten, G., Erauw, K., & Bracke, R. (2004). Evolution of encounter group methods in therapeutic communities for substance abusers. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 231–244.
  • Broekaert, E., Vandevelde, S., Soyez, V., Yates, R., & Slater, A. (2006). The third generation of therapeutic communities: The early development of the TC for addictions in Europe. European Addiction Research, 12, 1–11.
  • Community of Communities. (2006). Service standards for addiction therapeutic communities. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Web site http://www.rcpsych. ac.uk/clinicalservicestandards/centreforqualityimprovement/ communityofcommunities/servicestandards/addictiontcs.aspx
  • De Leon, G. (1995a). Therapeutic communities for addictions: A theoretical framework. International Journal of the Addictions, 30, 1603–1645.
  • De Leon, G. (1995b). Residential therapeutic communities in the mainstream: Diversity and issues. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 27, 3–15.
  • De Leon, G. (1997). Community as method: Therapeutic Community for special populations and special settings. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
  • De Leon, G. (2000). The therapeutic community. Theory, model, and method. New York: Springer.
  • De Leon, G. (2001). Therapeutic communities for substance abuse: Developments in North America. In B. Rawlings & R. Yates (Eds.), Therapeutic communities for the treatment of drug users (pp. 79–104). London: Jessica Kingsley.
  • De Leon, G., Sacks, S., Staines, G., & McKendrick, K. (2000). Modified therapeutic community for homeless mentally ill chemical abusers: Emerging subtypes. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 26, 461–480.
  • Dye, M. H., Ducharme, L. J., Johnson, J. A., Knudsen, H. K., & Roman, P. M. (2009). Modified therapeutic communities and adherence to traditional elements. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 43, 275–283.
  • Haigh, R., & Lees, J. (2008). Fusion TC's: Divergent histories, converging challenges. Therapeutic Communities, 29, 347–374.
  • Haigh, R., & Tucker, S. (2004). Democratic development of standards: A quality network of therapeutic communities. Psychiatric Quarterly, 75, 263–277.
  • Jainchill, N., Hawke, J., & Messina, M. (2005). Post-treatment outcomes among adjudicated adolescent males and females in modified therapeutic community treatment. Substance Use and Misuse, 40, 975–996.
  • Janzen, R. (2001). The rise and fall of synanon: A California utopia. Baltimore, London: The John Hopkins University Press.
  • Kaufman, E., & Kaufmann, P. (1992). Family therapy of drug and alcohol abuse. (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Kennard, D. (1998). An introduction to therapeutic communities. London: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Knight, K. Simpson, D. D., Chatham, L. R., & Camacho, L. M. (1997). An assessment of prison-based drug treatment: Texas’ in prison therapeutic community program. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 24, 75–100.
  • Kooyman, M. (1992). The therapeutic community for addicts: Intimacy, parent involvement and treatment outcome. Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Universiteitsdrukkerij Erasmusuniversiteit.
  • Kooyman, M. (2001). The history of therapeutic communities: A view from Europe. In B. Rawlings & R. Yates (Eds.), Therapeutic communities for the treatment of drug users. London: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Melnick, G., & De Leon, G. (1999). Clarifying the nature of therapeutic community treatment: A survey of essential elements. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16, 307–313.
  • Melnick, G., De Leon, G., Hiller, M. L., & Knight, K. (2000). Therapeutic community: Diversity in treatment elements. Substance Use and Misuse, 35, 1819–1847.
  • O'Brien, W. B., & Hennican, E. (1993). You can't do it alone. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Prendergast, M. L., Hall, E. A., Wexler, H. K., Melnick, G., & Cao, Y. (2004). Amity Prison-based therapeutic community: 5-year outcomes. The Prison Journal, 84, 36–46.
  • Sacks, S., Banks, S., Mckendrick, K., & Saks, J. Y. (2008). Modified therapeutic communities for co-occurring disorders: A summary of four studies. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 34, 112–122.
  • Soyez, V., Tatrai, H., Broekaert, E., & Bracke, R. (2004). The implementation of contextual therapy in the therapeutic community for substance abusers: A case study. Journal of Family Therapy, 26, 286–305.
  • Sugarman, B. (1974). Daytop village: A therapeutic community. New York: Holt, Winston and Rinehart.
  • Vandevelde, S., Broekaert, E., Yates, R., & Kooyman, M. (2004). The development of the therapeutic community in correctional establishments: A comparative retrospective account of the ‘democratic’ Maxell Jones TC and the ‘hierarchical’ concept-based TC. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 50, 66–79.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.