HIV Risk Behaviors Among Young Drug Using Women Who Have Sex With Women (WSWs) in New York City

REFERENCES

• A dictionary of epidemiology (4th ed.). (2001). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arria, A., Fuller, C. M., Strathdee, S. A., & Vlahov, D. (2002). Drug dependence among young recently initiated injection drug users. Journal of Drug Issues, 32, 1089–1102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevier, P. J., Chiasson, M. A., Heffernan, R. T., & Castro, K. G. (1995). Women at a sexually transmitted disease clinic who reported same-sex contact: Their HIV seroprevalence and risk behaviors. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 1366–1371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L., Belgrave, F. Z., & Reisen, C. (2000). Gender roles, relationship power strategies and precautionary sexual self-efficacy: Implications for women's condom/latex barrier use. Sex Roles, 42, 613–635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L., Craig, M. L., & Burkholder, G. (2004). Rising and surviving: A conceptual model of active coping among black lesbians. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10, 229–240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bowleg, L., Huang, J., Brooks, K., Black, A., & Burkholder, G. (2003). Triple jeopardy and beyond: Multiple minority stress and resilience among Black lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7, 87–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Case, P., Downing, M., Ferguson, B., Lorvick, J., & Sanchez, L. (1998). The social context of AIDS risk behavior among intravenous drug using lesbians in San Francisco. Fourth International Conference on AIDS, Stockholm, Sweden, Abstract 8023.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). HIV/AIDS surveillance report, 2006 (Rep. No. 18). Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (1994). Depressive distress among homosexually active African American men and women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 524–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2007). Physical health complaints among lesbians, gay men, and bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual individuals: Results from the California Quality of Life Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 2048–2055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz, T., Des Jarlais, D. C., Vlahov, D., Perlis, T. E., Edwards, V., Friedman, S. R., (2001). Factors associated with prevalence hepatitis C: Differences among young adult injection drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York City. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz, T., Vlahov, D., Greenberg, B., Cuevas, Y., & Garfein, R. (2001). Sexual orientation and HIV infection prevalence among young Latino injection drug users in Harlem. Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, 10, 371–380.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Epstein, J. F., & Gfroerer, J. (1997). Estimating substance abuse treatment need from a national household survey. In Analyses of substance abuse and treatment need issues. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Fethers, K., Marks, C., Mindel, A., & Estcourt, C. S. (2000). Sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviours in women who have sex with women. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 76, 345–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, S. R., Curtis, R., Neaigus, A., Jose, B., & Des Jarlais, D. C. (1999). Social networks, drug injectors’ lives, and HIV/AIDS. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S. R., Jose, B., Deren, S., Des Jarlais, D. C., & Neaigus, A. (1995). Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion among out-of-treatment drug injectors in high and low seroprevalence cities. The National AIDS Research Consortium. American Journal of Epidemiology, 142, 864–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, S. R., Jose, B., Neaigus, A., Curtis, R., Deren, S., Des Jarlais, D. C., (1996). IDUs who are women who have sex with women may be at particularly high risk for HIV. Paper presented at the seventh International Conference on the Reduction of Drug Related Harm, Hobart, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, S. R., Neaigus, A., Jose, B., Curtis, R., Goldstein, M., Ildefonso, G., (1997). Sociometric risk networks and risk for HIV infection. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1289–1296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, S. R., Ompad, D. C., Maslow, C., Young, R., Case, P., Hudson, S. M., (2003). HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and high-risk sexual and injection networks among young women injectors who have sex with women. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 902–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller, C. M., Ompad, D. C., Galea, S., Wu, Y., Koblin, B., & Vlahov, D. (2004). Hepatitis C incidence—A comparison between injection and noninjection drug users in New York City. Journal of Urban Health, 81, 20–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller, C. M., Vlahov, D., Latkin, C. A., Ompad, D. C., Celentano, D. D., & Strathdee, S. A. (2003). Social circumstances of initiation of injection drug use and early shooting gallery attendance: Implications for HIV intervention among adolescent and young adult injection drug users. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 32, 86–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garfein, R. S., Doherty, M. C., Monterroso, E. R., Thomas, D. L., Nelson, K. E., & Vlahov, D. (1998). Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 18(Suppl. 1), S11–S19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garofalo, R., Wolf, R. C., Kessel, S., Palfrey, S. J., & DuRant, R. H. (1998). The association between health risk behaviors and sexual orientation among a school-based sample of adolescents. Pediatrics, 101, 895–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilman, S. E., Cochran, S. D., Mays, V. M., Hughes, M., Ostrow, D., & Kessler, R. C. (2001). Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 933–939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales, V., Washienko, K. M., Krone, M. R., Chapman, L. I., Arredondo, E. M., Huckeba, H. J., (1999). Sexual and drug-use risk factors for HIV and STDs: A comparison of women with and without bisexual experiences. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1841–1846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollibaugh, R. M., & Vazquez, C. (1994). The myth of invulnerability: Lesbians and HIV disease. FOCUS: A guide to AIDS Research and Counseling, 8, 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Hwahng, S., & Lin, A. (2009). The health of Asian American lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning people. In C. Trinh-Shevrin, N. S. Islam, & M. J. Rey (Eds.), Asian American communities and health: Context, research, policy and action (pp. 226–282). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (1999). Lesbian health: Current assessment and directions for the future. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, R., & Oliver, M. (2007). Young urban women's patterns of unprotected sex with men engaging in HIV risk behaviors. AIDS and Behavior, 11, 812–821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose, B., Friedman, S. R., Neaigus, A., Curtis, R., Grund, J. P., Goldstein, M. F., (1993). Syringe-mediated drug-sharing (backloading): A new risk factor for HIV among injecting drug users. AIDS, 7, 1653–1660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, D. (1998). Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: The context of a Black feminist ideology. Signs, 14, 42–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koblin, B. A., Factor, S. H., Wu, Y., & Vlahov, D. (2003). Hepatitis C virus infection among non-injecting drug users in New York City. Journal of Medical Virology, 70, 387–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kral, A. H., Lorvick, J., Bluthenthal, R. N., & Watters, J. K. (1997). HIV risk profile of drug-using women who have sex with women in 19 United States cities. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 16, 211–217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemp, G. F., Jones, M., Kellogg, T. A., Nieri, G. N., Anderson, L., Withum, D., (1995). HIV seroprevalence and risk behaviors among lesbians and bisexual women in San Francisco and Berkeley, California. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 1549–1552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind, A. (2004). Legislating the family: Heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 31, 21–35.
   Google Scholar
• Masur, H., Michelis, M. A., Wormser, G. P., Lewin, S., Gold, J., Tapper, M. L., (1982). Opportunistic infection in previously healthy women. Initial manifestations of a community-acquired cellular immunodeficiency. Annals of Internal Medicine, 97, 533–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millett, G., Malebranche, D., Mason, B., & Spikes, P. (2005). Focusing “down low”: Bisexual Black men, HIV risk and heterosexual transmission. Journal of the National Medical Association, 97, 52S–59S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritsugu, J., & Sue, S. (1983). Minority status as a stressor. In R. D. Felner (Ed.), Preventive psychology: Theory, research and practice (pp. 162–174). New York: Pergammon.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Department of Health AIDS Surveillance. (1986). The AIDS epidemic in New York City, 1981–1984. American Journal of Epidemiology, 123, 1013–1025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otis, M. D., & Skinner, W. F. (1996). The prevalence of victimization and its effect on mental well-being among lesbian and gay people. Journal of Homosexuality, 30, 93–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilkington, N. W., & D'Augelli, A. R. (1995). Victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth in community settings. Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 34–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulerwitz, J., Amaro, H., De, J. W., Gortmaker, S. L., & Rudd, R. (2002). Relationship power, condom use and HIV risk among women in the USA. AIDS Care, 14, 789–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2004). Ethnic/racial differences in the coming-out process of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: A comparison of sexual identity development over time. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10, 215–228.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheer, S., Peterson, I., Page-Shafer, K., Delgado, V., Gleghorn, A., Ruiz, J., (2002). Sexual and drug use behavior among women who have sex with both women and men: Results of a population-based survey. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1110–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlahov, D., Anthony, J. C., Munoz, A., Margolick, J., Nelson, K. E., Celentano, D. D., (1991). The ALIVE study, a longitudinal study of HIV-1 infection in intravenous drug users: Description of methods and characteristics of participants. NIDA Research Monograph, 109, 75–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wheeler, D. P. (2006). Exploring HIV prevention needs for nongay-identified Black and African American men who have sex with men: A qualitative exploration. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 33, S11–S16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, R. M. (1993). Methodology at the margins: Researching lesbian health. 121st Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, San Francisco, California, Abstract 1170.
   Google Scholar
• Young, R. M., Friedman, S. R., Case, P. L., Asencio, M. W., & Clatts, M. (2000). Women injection drug users who have sex with women exhibit increased infection and risk behaviors. Journal of Drug Issues, 30, 499–524.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zierler, S., & Krieger, N. (1997). Reframing women's risk: Social inequalities and HIV infection. Annual Review of Public Health, 18, 401–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar