Spirituality in Addictions Treatment: Wisdom to Know…What It Is

REFERENCES

• Alcoholics Anonymous. (1976). Alcoholics anonymous. New York, NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Albaugh, B. J., & Anderson, P. O. (1974). Peyote in the treatment of alcoholism among American Indians. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131, 1247–1250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldrich, M. R. (1977). Tantric cannabis use in India. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 9, 227–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amoateng, A. Y., Bahr, S. J. (1986). Religion, family, and adolescent drug use. Sociological Perspectives, 29, 53–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ano, G. G., & Vasconcelles, E. B. (2005). Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 461–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonovsky, A. (1993). Health stress and coping: New perspectives on mental and physical well-being. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9, 134–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastos, F. I. (2010). Addiction and spirituality in a disenchanted world. Substance Use & Misuse, 45, 2378–2380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beecher, H. K. (1955). The powerful placebo. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 159, 1602–1606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benda, B. B. (1997). An examination of a reciprocal relationship between religiosity and different forms of delinquency within a theoretical model. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34, 163–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti, F., Mayberg, H. S., Wager, T. D., Stohler, C. S., & Zubieta, J.-K. (2005). Neurobiological mechanisms of the placebo effect. The Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 10390–10402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, D. (2005). Methodological pitfalls in the study of religiosity and spirituality. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 27, 628–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, D. S. (2010). Mindfulness research guide: A new paradigm for managing empirical health information. Mindfulness, 1, 174–176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bogg, T., & Roberts, B. W. (2004). Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: A meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 887–919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, J., Andree, B., Soderstrom, H., & Farde, L. (2003). The serotonin system and spiritual experiences. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1965–1969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borras, L., Khazaal, Y., Khan, R., Mohr, S., Kaufmann, Y.-A., Zullino, D., (2010). The relationship between addiction and religion and its possible implications for care. Substance Use & Misuse, 45, 2357–2410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman, M. (1995). The noble savage and the global village: Cultural evolution in new age and neo-pagan THOUGHT. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 10, 139–149.
   Google Scholar
• Brewer, J. A., Bowen, S., Smith, J. T., Marlatt, G. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2010). Mindfulness-based treatments for co-occurring depression and substance use disorders: What can we learn from the brain? Addiction, 105, 1698–1706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bufe, C. (1991). Alcoholics anonymous: Cult or cure? San Francisco: See Sharp Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burwell, J. (May, 1968). Sober for 30 years. Alcoholics anonymous grapevine. New York, N.Y.: A. A. World Services. [reprinted November, 1999]
   Google Scholar
• Carmody, J., Reed, G., Kristeller, J., & Merriam, P. (2008). Mindfulness, spirituality, and health-related symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64, 393–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, S. (1993). Spirituality and purpose in life in alcoholism recovery. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54, 297–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, G. (2006). Social support, spiritual program, and addiction recovery. International Journal of Offender therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50, 306–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesnut, G. F. (2001). The higher power of the twelve-step program for believers and non-believers. Lincoln, NE: Authors Choice Press.
   Google Scholar
• Christopher, J. (1988). How to stay sober: Recovery without religion. Amherst: New York: Prometheus Books.
   Google Scholar
• Chuengsatiansup, K. (2003). Spirituality and health: An initial proposal to incorporate spiritual health in health impact assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 23, 3–15.
   Google Scholar
• Churchland, P. M. (1981). Eliminative materialism and the propositional attitudes. The Journal of Philosophy, 78, 67–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, W. H. (1970). The psychodelics and religion. In B. Aaronson & H. Osmond (Eds.), Psychodelics (pp. 182–195). New York: Doubleday & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Cleveland, M., & Arlys, G. (1992). The alternative 12 steps: A secular guide to recovery. Deerfield Beach, Florida: Health Communications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Cotton, S., Zebracki, K., Rosenthal, S. L., Tsevat, J., & Drotar, D. (2006). Religion/spirituality and adolescent health outcomes: A review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 472–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daaleman, T. P., Cobb, A. K., & Frey, B. B. (2001). Spirituality and well-being: An exploratory study of the patient perspective. Social Science & Medicine, 53, 1503–1511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado, C. (2007). Sense of coherence, spirituality, stress and quality of life in chronic illness. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 39, 229–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlop, W. L., & Tracy, J. L. (2013). Sobering stories: narratives of self-redemption predict behavioral change and improved health among recovering alcoholics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 576–590.
   Google Scholar
• Dyck, E. (2006). Hitting highs at rock bottom: LSD treatment for alcoholism, 1950–1970. Social Science and Medicine, 19, 313–329.
   Google Scholar
• Egbert, N., Mickley, J., & Coeling, H. (2004). A review and application of social scientific measures of religiosity and spirituality: Assessing a missing component in health communication research. Health Communication, 16, 7–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkins, D. N., Hedstrom, L. J., Hughes, L. L., Leaf, J. A., & Saunders, C. (1988). Toward a humanistic-phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 28, 5–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, A., & Schoenfeld, E. (1990). Divine intervention and the treatment of checmical dependency. Journal of Substance Abuse, 2, 459–468.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Coffey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1045–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galaif, E. R., & Sussman, S. (1995). For whom does alcoholics anonymous work? International Journal of the Addictions, 30, 161–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanter, M. (2006). Spirituality and addiction: A research and clinical perspective. The American Journal on Addictions, 15, 286–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanter, M., Dermatis, H., Bunt, G., Williams, C., Trujillo, M., & Steinke, P. (2007). Assessment of spirituality and its relevance to addiction treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 33, 257–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanter, M., Egelko, S., & Edwards, H. (1993). Rational Recovery: Alternative to A.A. for addiction. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 19, 499–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, L. K., Larson, D. B., Koenig, H. G., & McCullough, M. E. (2000). Spirituality and health: What we know, what we need to know. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 102–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano, J. & Engebretson, J. (2006). Neural and cognitive basis of spiritual experience: Biopsychosocial and ethical implications for clinical medicine. Explore, 2, 216–225.
   Google Scholar
• Giordano, J. & Kohls, N. (2008). Spirituality, suffering, and the self. Mind Matter, 6, 179–191.
   Google Scholar
• Green, L. L., Fullilove, M. T., & Fullilove, R. E. (1998). Stories of spiritual awakening: The nature of spirituality in recovery. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 15, 325–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greeson, J. M., Webber, D. M., Simoski, M. J., Brantley, J. G., Ekblad, A. G., Suarez, E. C., (2011). Changes in spirituality partly explain health-related quality of life outcomes after mindfulness-based stress reduction. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 34, 508–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grycznski, J., & Warm, B. W. (2012). Religiosity, heavy alcohol use, and vicarious learning networks among adolescents in the United States. Health Education & Behavior, 39, 341–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2003). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research. American Psychologist, 58, 64–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W., McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., & Zinnbauer, B. J. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30, 51–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsh, J. (1953). Historical perspectives of the problem of alcoholism. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 29, 961–971.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holder, M. D., Coleman, B., & Wallace, J. M. (2010). Spirituality, religiousness, and happiness in children. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 131–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, A. T. (1999). Sex, drugs, gambling and chocolate: A workbook for overcoming addictions. San Luis Obispo, CA: Impact.
   Google Scholar
• Humphreys, K. (1997). Self-help/mutual aid organizations: The view from Mars. Substance Use & Misuse, 32, 2105–2109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, W. (1997). Varieties of religious experience. New York: Touchstone.
   Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kass, J. D., Friedman, R., Leserman, J., Zuttermeister, P. C., & Benson, H. (1991). Health outcomes and a new index of spiritual experience. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30, 203–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig, H. G. (2008). Concerns about measuring “spirituality” in research. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 349–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohls, N., Sauer, S., Offenbächer, M., & Giordano, J. (2011). Spirituality: An overlooked predictor of placebo effects? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 1838–1848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtz, E. (1982). Why A.A. works: The intellectual significance of Alcoholics Anonymous. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43, 38–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, A. M., Muanfo, M., Tidey, J. W., Sussman, S., Monterosso, J. R., Sun, P., (2012). Anhedonia predicts altered processing of happy faces in abstinent cigarette smokers. Psychopharmacology, 222, 343–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, E. C., Feifer, C., & Strohm, M. (2000). A pilot study: Locus of control and spiritual beliefs in Alcoholics Anonymous and SMART recovery members. Addictive Behaviors, 25, 633–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, M. E., & Willoughby, B. B. (2009). Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 69–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan, A. T., Grissom, G. R., Zanis, D., Randall, M., Brill, P., & O'Brien, C. P. (1997). Problem-service "matching" in addiction treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 730–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrill, R. M., Salazar, R. D., & Gardner, N. W. (2001). Relationship between family religiosity and drug use behavior among youth. Social Behavior and Personality, 29, 347–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milam, J., Ritt-Olson, A., Tan, S., Unger, J., & Nezami, E. (2005). The September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks and reports of posttraumatic growth among a multi-ethnic sample of adolescents. Traumatology, 11, 233–246.
   Google Scholar
• Milam, J. E., Ritt-Olson, A., & Unger, J. B. (2004). Posttraumatic Growth Among Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19, 192–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, W. R. (1998). Researching the spiritual dimensions of alcohol and other drug problems. Addiction, 94, 436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, W. R., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Spirituality, religión, and health. American Psychologist, 58, 24–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos, R. (2010). Spirituality and religiosity in context. Substance Use & Misuse, 45, 2386–2388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nealon-Woods, M. A., Ferrari, J. R., & Jason, L. A. (1995). Twelve-step program use among Oxford house residents: Spirituality or social support in sobriety. Journal of Substance Abuse, 7, 311–318.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newberg, A. B. & Iversen, J. (2003). The neural basis of the complex mental task of meditation: Neurotransmitter and neurochemical considerations. Medical Hypotheses, 61, 282–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolaus, M. (2012). Empowering your sober self: The LifeRing approach to addiction recovery. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 7, 118–129.
   Google Scholar
• O'Connell, K. A., & Skevington, S. M. (2010) Spiritual, religious, and personal beliefs are important and distinctive to assessing quality of life in health: A comparison of theoretical models. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 729–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oetting, E. R., Donnermeyer, J. F., & Deffenbacher, J. L. (1998). Primary socialization theory: The influence of the community on drug use and deviance: III. Substance Use & Misuse, 33, 1629–1665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pahnke, W. N. (1966). Drugs and mysticism. The International Journal of Parapsychology, 8, 295–313.
   Google Scholar
• Peele, S. B., & Brodsky, A. (1992). The truth about addiction and recovery. New York: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 149–156.
   Google Scholar
• Petry, N. M., Martin, B., Cooney, J. L., & Kranzler, H. R. (2000). Give them prizes, and they will come: Contingency management for treatment of alcohol dependence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 250–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, P., Masagutov, R., Kniazev, V., Sussman, S. (2012). Health-as-a-value, spirituality, and cigarette and alcohol use among Russian high school students. Journal of Primary Prevention, 33, 239–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel, P., Sussman, S., Regmi, S., Hallam, J., Kniazev, V., Masagutov, R. (2012). Spirituality and substance use in a sample of Russian adolescents. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 24, 149–152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pribram, K. H. (1999). Brain and the composition of conscious experience. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 6, 19–42.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, E. A. R., Krentzman, A. R., Webb, J. R., & Browere, K. J. (2011). Six-month changes in spirituality and religiousness in alcoholics predict drinking outcomes at nine months. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72, 660–668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salsman, J. M., Brown, T. L., Brechting, E. H., & Carlson, C. R. (2005). The link between religion and spirituality and psychological adjustment: The mediating role of optimism and social support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 522–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seaward, B. L. (1995). Reflections on human spirituality for the worksite. American Journal of Health Promotion, 9, 165–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shariff, A. F., & Norenzayan, A. (2007). God is watching you: Priming God concepts increases prosocial behavior in an anonymous economic game. Psychological Science, 18, 803–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, A., Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. (2005). Religion, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth: A systematic review. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 8(1), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, R. P., Bagiella, E., & Powell, T. (1999). Religion, spirituality, and medicine. The Lancet, 353, 664–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, H. (1964). Do drugs have religious import? The Journal of Philosophy, 61, 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafford, P. G. (1977). Psychedelics encyclopedia. Berkeley, CA: And/Or Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stokols, D. (1990). Instrumental and spiritual views of people-environment relations. American Psychologist, 45, 641–646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strang, S. & Strang, P. (2001). Spiritual thoughts, coping and “sense of coherence” in brain tumour patients and their spouses. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 15, 127–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sussman, S. (2010). Addiction, religion, spirituality, treatment. Substance Use & Misuse, 45, 2383–2386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sussman, S., & Ames, S. L. (2008). Drug abuse: Concepts, prevention and cessation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Sussman, S., & Black, D. S. (2008). Substitute addiction: A concern for researchers and practitioners. Journal of Drug Education, 38, 167–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sussman, S., Nezami, E., & Mishra, S. (1997). On operationalizing spiritual experience for health research and practice. Alternative Therapies in Clinical Practice, 4, 120–125.
   Google Scholar
• Sussman, S., Reynaud, M., Aubin, H.-J., & Leventhal, A. M. (2011). Drug addiction, love, and the higher power. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 34, 362–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sussman, S., Skara, S., de Calice, P., Hoffman, B., & Dent, C.W. (2005). Spirituality as a 1-year prospective predictor of violence perpetration and drug use among youth at continuation high schools. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35, 80–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sussman, S., Skara, S., Rodriguez, Y., & Pokhrel, P. (2006). Non drug use- and drug use-specific spirituality as one-year predictors of drug use among high risk youth. Substance Use & Misuse, 41, 1801–1816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swatos, W. H. (1992). Adolescent Satanism: A research note on exploratory survey data. Review of Religious Research, 34, 161–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. Z. (2002). Religious addiction: Obsession with spirituality. Pastoral Psychology, 50, 291–315.
   Google Scholar
• Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonigan, J. S., Miller, W. R., & Schermer, C. (2002). Athiests, agnostics and Alcoholics Anonymous. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63, 534–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trimpey, J. (1996). Rational recovery: The new cure for substance addiction. New York, NY: Pocket Books.
   Google Scholar
• Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. A. (2002). The daily spiritual experience scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 22–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (U.S. DHHS). (2012). Preventing tobacco use Among youth and young adults: A report of the surgeon general (pp. 431–432). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Vase, L., Riley, J. L. & Price, D. D. (2002). A comparison of placebo effects in clinical analgesic trials versus studies of placebo analgesia. Pain, 99, 443–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, C., Ainette, M. G., Wills, T. A., & Mendoza, D. (2007). Religiosity and substance use: Test of an indirect-effect model in early and middle adolescence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 84–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, R. (1999). Essential spirituality: The 7 central practices to awaken heart and mind. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Watts, A. (1968). Psychedelics and religious experience. California Law Review, 56, 74–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, W., & Kurtz, E. (2006). The varieties of recovery experience International Journal of Self Help and Self Care, 3, 21–61.
   Google Scholar
• White, W., & Nicolaus, M. (2005). Styles of secular recovery. Counselor, 6, 58–61.
   Google Scholar
• White, W. & Whiters, D. (2005). Faith-based recovery: Its historical roots. Counselor. 6, 58–62.
   Google Scholar
• Wink, P., & Dillon, M. (2003). Religiousness, spirituality, and psychological functioning in late adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study. Psychology and Aging, 18, 916–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills, T. A., Yaeger, A. M., & Sandy, J. M. (2003). Buffering effect of religiosity for adolescent substance use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17, 24–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winzelberg, A., & Humphreys, K. (1999). Should patients’ religiosity influence clinicians’ referral to 12-step self help groups? Evidence from a study of 3,018 male substance abuse patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 790–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkiewitz, K., Lustyk, M. K., & Bowen, S. (2012). Retraining the addicted brain: A review of hypothesized neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, doi: 10.1037/a0029258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J., & Witkiewitz, K., (2008). Network support for drinking: An application of multiple groups growth mixture modeling to examine client-treatment matching. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69, 21–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., Belavich, T. G., (1997). Religion and spirituality: Unfuzzying the fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 549–564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar