Growth Models of Maternal Smoking Behavior: Individual and Contextual Factors

REFERENCES

• Arbuckle, J. L. (1996). Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. In: Marcoulides GA, Schumacker RE,(Eds.). Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques (pp. 243–277) Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Ashford, K. B., Hahn, E., Hall, L., Rayens, M. K., Noland, M., & Collins, R. (2010). Measuring prenatal secondhand smoke exposure in mother–baby couplets. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12(2), 127–135. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biesanz, J. C., Deeb-Sossa, N., Papadakis, A. A., Bollen, K. A., & Curran, P. J. (2004). The role of coding time in estimating and interpreting growth curve models. Psychological Methods, 9(1), 30–52. doi:10.1037/1082-989x.9.1.30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmichael, S. L., & Ahluwalia, I. B. (2000). Correlates of postpartum smoking relapse. Results from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19(3), 193–196. doi:S0749379700001987[pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). PNSS health indicators. Pediatric and pregnancy nutrition surveillance system. Retrieved August 3, 2011, from http://www.cdc. gov/pednss/what_is/pnss_health_indicators.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Clifford, A., Lang, L. D., & Chen, R. L. (2012). Effects of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on cognitive parameters of children and young adults: A literature review. Neurotoxicology And Teratology, 34(6), 560–570. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2012.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colman, G. J., & Joyce, T. (2003). Trends in smoking before, during, and after pregnancy in ten states. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24(1), 29–35. doi:S0749379702005743[pii]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooklin, A. R., Donath, S. M., & Amir, L. H. (2008). Maternal employment and breastfeeding: results from the longitudinal study of Australian children. Acta Paediatrica, 97(5), 620–623. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00740.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crozier, S. R., Robinson, S. M., Borland, S. E., Godfrey, K. M., Cooper, C., & Inskip, H. M. (2009). Do women change their health behaviours in pregnancy? Findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 23(5), 446–453. doi:PPE1036[pii]10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01036.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta, G. D., Subramanian, S., Colditz, G. A., Kawachi, I., Palmer, J. R., & Rosenberg, L. (2006). Individual, neighborhood, and state-level predictors of smoking among US Black women: A multilevel analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 63(4), 1034–1044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiFranza, J. R., Masaquel, A., Barrett, A. M., Colosia, A. D., & Mahadevia, P. J. (2012). Systematic literature review assessing tobacco smoke exposure as a risk factor for serious respiratory syncytial virus disease among infants and young children. Bmc Pediatrics, 12(81), 1–16. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-12-81
   Google Scholar
• Duckworth, A. L., & Chertok, I. R. A. (2012). Review of perinatal partner-focused smoking cessation interventions. MCN-the American Journal of Maternal-Child Nursing, 37(3), 174–181. doi:10.1097/NMC.0b013e31824921b4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahim, S. H., & Gfroerer, J. (2003). Pregnancy-related substance use in the United States during 1996-1998. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 101, 374–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder, G. H., Jr. (1998). The life course as developmental theory. Child Development, 69(1), 1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk, D. E., Yi, H. Y., & Hiller-Sturmhofel, S. (2006). An epidemiologic analysis of co-occurring alcohol and tobacco use and disorders: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Alcohol Research and Health, 29(3), 162–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fingerhut, L. A., Kleinman, J. C., & Kendrick, J. S. (1990). Smoking before, during, and after pregnancy. American Journal of Public Health, 80(5), 541–544. doi:10.2105/ajph.80.5.541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gage, J. D., Everett, K. D., & Bullock, L. (2007). A review of research literature addressing male partners and smoking during pregnancy. JOGNN-Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 36(6), 574–580. doi:10.1111/J.1552-6909.2007.00188.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilman, S. E., Breslau, J., Subramanian, S. V., Hitsman, B., & Koenen, K. C. (2008). Social factors, psychopathology, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. American Journal of Public Health, 98(3), 448–453. doi:AJPH.2006.102772[pii]10.2105/AJPH.2006.102772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass, T. A., & McAtee, M. J. (2006). Behavioral science at the crossroads in public health: Extending horizons, envisioning the future. Social Science & Medicine, 62(7), 1650–1671. doi:S0277-9536(05)00462-4[pii]10.1016/j.socsc-imed.2005.08.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goler, N. C., Armstrong, M. A., Osejo, V. M., Hung, Y. Y., Haimowitz, M., & Caughey, A. B. (2012). Early start a cost-beneficial perinatal substance abuse program. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 119(1), 102–110. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e-31823d427d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauge, L. J., Torgersen, L., & Vollrath, M. (2012). Associations between maternal stress and smoking: Findings from a population-based prospective cohort study. Addiction, 107(6), 1168–1173. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03775.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havens, J. R., Simmons, L. A., Shannon, L. M., & Hansen, W. F. (2009). Factors associated with substance use during pregnancy: Results from a national sample. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 99(1–3), 89–95. doi:S0376-8716(08)00255-X[pii]10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, D. K., Fan, A. Z., Smith, R. A., & Bombard, J. M. (2011). Trends in Selected Chronic Conditions and Behavioral Risk Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001–2009. Preventing Chronic Disease, 8(6), 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Hemsing, N., Greaves, L., O'Leary, R., Chan, K., & Okoli, C. (2012). Partner support for smoking cessation during pregnancy: A systematic review. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14(7), 767–776. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtrop, J. S., Meghea, C., Raffo, J., Biery, L., Chartkoff, S. B., & Roman, L. (2010). Smoking among pregnant women with medicaid insurance: Are mental health factors related? Maternal and Child Health Journal, 14(6), 971–977. doi:10.1007/s10995-009-0530-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husten, C. G. (2009). How should we define light or intermittent smoking? Does it matter? Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11(2), 111–121. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ino, T., Ohtani, T., & Yoshimi, I. (2011). Urinary biomarkers for secondhand smoke. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 25(5), 354–358. doi:10.1002/jcla.20485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagodzinski, T., & Fleming, M. F. (2007). Correlates of postpartum alcohol use. Wisconsin Medical Journal, 106, 319–325.
   Google Scholar
• Kahn, R. S., Certain, L., & Whitaker, R. C. (2002). A reexamination of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy. American Journal of Public Health, 92(11), 1801–1808. doi:10.2105/ajph.92.11.1801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel, D. B., Griesler, P. C., & Schaffran, C. (2009). Educational attainment and smoking among women: Risk factors and consequences for offspring. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 104, S24–S33. doi:S0376-8716(08)00436-5[pii]10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.12.005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kendzor, D. E., Businelle, M. S., Costello, T. J., Castro, Y., Reitzel, L. R., Vidrine, J. I., …, Wetter, D. W. (2010). Breast feeding is associated with postpartum smoking abstinence among women who quit smoking due to pregnancy. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12(10), 983–988. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendzor, D. E., Reitzel, L. R., Mazas, C. A., Cofta-Woerpel, L. M., Cao, Y. M., Ji, L. Y., …, Wetter, D. W. (2012). Individual- and area-level unemployment influence smoking cessation among African Americans participating in a randomized clinical trial. Social Science & Medicine, 74(9), 1394–1401. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lantz, P. M., & Pritchard, A. (2010). Socioeconomic indicators that matter for population health. Preventing Chronic Disease, 7(4), 1–7. doi:A74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linares Scott, T. J., Heil, S. H., Higgins, S. T., Badger, G. J., & Bernstein, I. M. (2009). Depressive symptoms predict smoking status among pregnant women. Addictive Behaviors, 34(8), 705–708. doi:S0306-4603(09)00087-2[pii]10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.04.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, Y. T., Mendell, N. R., & Rubin, D. B. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88, 767–778. doi:10.1093/biomet/88.3.767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, J. S., & Cheng, S. (2004). Regression models for categorical outcomes. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, Y., Tong, S. L., & Oldenburg, B. (2001). Determinants of smoking and cessation during and after pregnancy. Health Promotion International, 16(4), 355–365. doi:10.1093/heapro/16.4.355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumley, J., Chamberlain, C., Dowswell, T., Oliver, S., Oakley, L., & Watson, L. (2009). Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3). Cd00105510.1002/14651858.CD001055.pub3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., & Cummins, S. (2002). Place effects on health: How can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them? Social Science & Medicine, 55(1), 125–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Ventura, S. J., Menacker, F., Park, M. M., & Sutton, P. D. (2002). Births: Final data for 2001. Hyattsville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 10, 2014 from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr51/nvsr51_02.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, L. T., McNamara, M., Milot, A., Bloch, M., Hair, E. C., & Halle, T. (2008). Correlates of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy. American Journal of Health Behavior, 32(3), 272–282. doi:10.5555/ajhb.2008.32.3.272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masyn, K., Petras, H. and Liu, W. (2013). Growth Curve Models with Categorical Outcomes. In Gerben Bruinsma and David Weisburd (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice (pp. 2013–2025). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Maxson, P. J., Edwards, S. E., Ingram, A., & Miranda, M. L. (2012). Psychosocial differences between smokers and non-smokers during pregnancy. Addictive Behaviors, 37(2), 153–159. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meschke, L. L., Holl, J., & Messelt, S. (2013). Older not wiser: Risk of prenatal alcohol use by maternal age. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 17, 147–155. doi:10.1007/s10995-012-0953-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messer, L. C., Laraia, B. A., Kaufman, J. S., Eyster, J., Holzman, C., Culhane, J., …, O'Campo, P. (2006). The development of a standardized neighborhood deprivation index. Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 83(6), 1041–1062. doi:10.1007/s11524-006-9094-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messer, L. C., Vinikoor-Imler, L. C., & Laraia, B. A. (2012). Conceptualizing neighborhood space: Consistency and variation of associations for neighborhood factors and pregnancy health across multiple neighborhood units. Health and Place, 18(4), 805–813. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumford, E. A., Hair, E. C., Yu, T.-C., & Liu, W. (2013). Women.s longitudinal smoking patterns from preconception through child.s kindergarten entry: profiles of biological mothers of a 2001 US birth cohort. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(4), 1–11. doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1305-y
   Google Scholar
• Munafo, M., Heron, J., & Araya, R. (2008). Smoking patterns during pregnancy and postnatal period and depressive symptoms. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10(11), 1609–1620. doi:10.1080/14622200802412895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, B. (2004). Latent variable analysis: Growth mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data. In D. Kaplan (Ed.), Handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences (pp. 345–368). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus (Version 6.12). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics (Producer). (2012). Early childhood longitudinal program. Retrieved June 8, 2012, from http://nces.ed.gov/ecls/birthdatainformation.asp
   Google Scholar
• Nkansah-Amankra, S. (2010). Neighborhood contextual factors, maternal smoking, and birth outcomes: Multilevel analysis of the south carolina PRAMS survey, 2000–2003. Journal of Womens Health, 19(8), 1543–1552. doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1888
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogbuanu, C., Glover, S., Probst, J., Liu, J. H., & Hussey, J. (2011). The effect of maternity leave length and time of return to work on breastfeeding. Pediatrics, 127(6), E1414–E1427. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, R. L., Padilla, Y. C., & Hamilton, E. R. (2012). Psychosocial factors associated with patterns of smoking surrounding pregnancy in fragile families. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(1), 249–257. doi:10.1007/s10995-010-0735-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, E.-W., Tudiver, F., Schultz, J. K., & Campbell, T. (2004). Does enhancing partner support and interaction improve smoking cessation? A meta-analysis. Annals Of Family Medicine, 2(2), 170–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, F., Seravalli, L., Hanlon, A., & Nelson, D. B. (2012). Neighborhood safety as a correlate of tobacco use in a sample of urban, pregnant women. Addictive Behaviors, 37(10), 1132–1137. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulson, J. F., Keefe, H. A., & Leiferman, J. A. (2009). Early parental depression and child language development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(3), 254–262. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01973.x
   Google Scholar
• Petras, H., & Masyn, K. (2010). General growth mixture analysis with antecedents and consequences of change. In A. R. Piquero & D. Weisburd (Eds.), Handbook of quantitative criminology (1st ed., pp. 69–100). New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Pevalin, D. J., Wade, T. J., Brannigan, A., & Sauve, R. (2001). Beyond biology: The social context of prenatal behaviour and birth outcomes. Soz Praventivmed, 46(4), 233–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillips RM, Merritt TA, Goldstein MR, Deming DD, Slater LE, Angeles DM. (2012) Prevention of postpartum smoking relapse in mothers of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal Perinatol 32(5):374–380.
   Google Scholar
• Pickett, K. E., Kasza, K., Biesecker, G., Wright, R. J., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2009). Women who remember, women who do not: A methodological study of maternal recall of smoking in pregnancy. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11(10), 1166–1174. doi:ntp117[pii]10.1093/ntr/ntp117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett, K. E., & Pearl, M. (2001). Multilevel analyses of neighbourhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: A critical review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55(2), 111–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett, K. E., Wakschlag, L. S., Dai, L., & Leventhal, B. L. (2003). Fluctuations of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 101(1), 140–147. doi:S002978440202-3700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickett, K. E., Wakschlag, L. S., Rathouz, P. J., Leventhal, B. L., & Abrams, B. (2002). The working-class context of pregnancy smoking. Health and Place, 8(3), 167–175. doi:S1353829201000429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306
   Google Scholar
• Rich-Edwards, J. W., Buka, S. L., Brennan, R. T., & Earls, F. (2003). Diverging associations of maternal age with low birthweight for black and white mothers. International Journal of Epidemiology, 32(1), 83–90. doi:10.1093/ije/dyg008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, M. (1996). Transitions and turning points in developmental psychopathology: As applied to the age span between childhood and mid-adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19, 603–626. doi:10.1177/016502549601900309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychological methods 7(2), 147–177.
   Google Scholar
• Schane, R. E., Ling, P. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2010). Health effects of light and intermittent smoking a review. Circulation, 121(13), 1518–1522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schempf, A., Strobino, D., & O'Campo, P. (2009). Neighborhood effects on birthweight: An exploration of psychosocial and behavioral pathways in Baltimore, 1995–1996. Social Science and Medicine, 68(1), 100–110. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 6(2), 461–464. citeulike-article-id:90008 doi:10.2307/2958889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2007). Cigarette use among pregnant women and recent mothers. The NSDUH report. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2009). Substance use among women during pregnancy and following childbirth. The NSDUH report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Retrieved August 8, 2013, from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10NSDUH/2k10Results.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tong, V., Dietz, P., England, L., Farr, S., Kim, S., D'Angelo, D., & Bombard, J. (2011). Age and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Prepregnancy Smoking Among Women Who Delivered Live Births. Preventing Chronic Disease 8(6), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, T., Jones, J., Dietz, P., D'Angelo, D., & Bombard, J. (2009). Trends in smoking before, during, and after pregnancy - Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), United States, 31 sites, 2000-2005. MMWR Surveillance Summary, 58(4), 1–29.
   Google Scholar
• Troe, E.-J. W. M., Raat, H., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Hofman, A., Steegers, E. A. P., Verhulst, F. C., …, Mackenbach, J. P. (2008). Smoking during pregnancy in ethnic populations: The Generation R study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10(8), 1373–1384. doi:10.1080/14622200802238944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turney, K. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of stability and change in maternal depression: Evidence from the fragile families and child wellbeing study. Plos One, 7(9), e45709. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045709
   Google Scholar
• Turrell, G., Hewitt, B. A., & Miller, S. A. (2012). The influence of neighbourhood disadvantage on smoking cessation and its contribution to inequalities in smoking status. Drug and Alcohol Review, 31(5), 645–652. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00452.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. DHHS. (2001). Women and smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health. Retrieved July 8, 2013 from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2001/complete_report/index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. DHHS. (2006). The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health. Retrieved January 31, 2013 from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/secondhandsmoke/fullreport.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ventura, S. J., Curtin, S. C., Abma, J. C., & Henshaw, S. K. (2012). Estimated Pregnancy Rates and Rates of Pregnancy Outcomes for the United States, 1990–2008. National Vital Statistics Reports, 60(7), 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Vesga-Lopez, O., Blanco, C., Keyes, K., Olfson, M., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2008). Psychiatric disorders in pregnant and postpartum women in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(7), 805–815. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, D. A., Culhane, J. F., Mathew, L., Bloch, J. R., & Goldenberg, R. L. (2011). Incident Smoking During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in a Low-Income Urban Population. Public Health Reports, 126(1), 50–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance-matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48(4), 817–838. doi:10.2307/1912934
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winickoff, J. P., Berkowitz, A. B., Brooks, K., Tanski, S. E., Geller, A., Thomson, C., …, Pbert, L. (2005). State-of-the-art interventions for office-based parental tobacco control. Pediatrics, 115(3), 750–760. doi:115/3/750[pii]10.1542/peds.2004-1055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winickoff, J. P., Healey, E. A., Regan, S., Park, E. R., Cole, C., Friebely, J., & Rigotti, N. A. (2010). Using the postpartum hospital stay to address mothers’ and fathers’ smoking: The NEWS study. Pediatrics, 125(3), 518–525. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, T.-C., Shoff, C., Noah, A. J., Black, N., & Sparks, C. S. (2014). Racial segregation and maternal smoking during pregnancy: a multilevel analysis using the racial segregation interaction index. Social Science & Medicine, 107, 26–36. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.030
   Google Scholar