75
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

The Causes of Heroin Addiction—A Review of the Literature. Part I

&
Pages 679-696 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Abraham K. Selected Papers. Hogarth, London 1927
  • Alksne H., Lieberman L., Brill L. A conceptual model of the life cycle of addiction. Int. J. Addict 1967; 2: 221–240
  • Bearman D., Sheridan M. Patterns of heroin distribution in a white middle-class college community. J. Psychedelic Drugs Fall, 1971; 4: 65–70
  • Bentil D., Crim J. D., Smith D. Drug abuse in combat: The crises of drugs and addiction among American troops in Vietnam. J. Psychedelic Drugs Fall, 1971; 4: 23–30
  • Berlinger A. Narcotic addiction: The institution and the community. Int. J. Addict 1966; 1: 74–85
  • Brown C. Manchild in the Promised Land. Macmillan, New York 1965
  • Chein I. Narcotics use among juveniles. Narcotic Addiction, J. O'Donnell, J. C. Ball. Harper and Row, New York 1966
  • Chein I. Psychological functions of drug use. The Scientific Basis of Drug Dependence, H. Steinberg. Churchill, London 1969
  • Cloward R. A., Ohlin L. Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois 1960
  • Collier H. O. J. A general theory of the genesis of drug dependence by induction of receptors. Nature January, 1965; 205: 181–182
  • Dole V., Nyswander M. Heroin addiction: A metabolic disease. Arch. Inter. Med July, 1967; 120: 19–24
  • Fenichel O. Psychoanalytic Theory of the Neurosis. Norton, New York 1945
  • Finestone H. Cats, kicks and color. Soc. Problems July, 1957; 5: 3–13
  • Fort J. Heroin addiction among young men. Narcotic-Addiction, J. O'Donnell, J. C. Ball. Harper and Row, New York 1966
  • Frazier T. Treating young drug users: A casework approach. Soc. Work July, 1962; 3: 84–101
  • Freedman A., Wilson E. A. Childhood and adolescent addictive disorders. Pediatrics August, 1964; 34: 283–292
  • Gay C., Gay G. Haight-Ashbury: Evaluation of a drug culture in a decade of mendacity. J. Psychedelic Drugs Fall, 1971; 4: 81–90
  • Gendreau P., Gendreau L. P. The addiction prone personality: A study of Canada's drug addicts. Can. J. Behav. Sci January, 1970; 2: 18–25
  • Gerard D., Kornetsky C. A social and psychiatric study of adolescent opiate addicts. Psychiatric Q January, 1954; 28: 113–125
  • Gerard D., Kornetsky C. Adolescent opiate addiction: A study of control and addict subjects. Psychiatric Q July, 1955; 29: 457–486
  • Gilbert J. G., Lombardi D. N. Personality characteristics of young male narcotic addicts. J. Consult. Psychol October, 1967; 31: 536–538
  • Glatt M. Psychological and social aspects of drug dependence in adolescence. Adolescent Drug Dependence, C. W.M. Wilson. Pergamon, London 1968
  • Glover E. The aetiology of alcoholism. Proc. R. Soc. Med 1928; 21: 45–50
  • Gutterman O. The psychodynamics of a drug addict. Am. J. Psychother October, 1965; 19: 653–665
  • Hawks D. V. The epidemiology of drug dependence in the United Kingdom. Bull. Narcotics July-September, 1970; 22: 21, 22
  • Hill H., Haertzen C. A., Glaser R. Personality characteristics of narcotic addicts as indicated by the MMPI. J. Gen. Psychol January, 1960; 62: 127–139
  • Judson H. F. The British and heroin. Part II. New Yorker October 1, 1973; 70–112
  • Karpman B. The myth of the psychopathic personality. Am. J. Psychiatry March, 1948; 104: 523–534
  • Kenniston K. The sources of student dissent. J. Soc. Issues Summer, 1967; 23: 108–137
  • Klee G. D. Drugs and American youth. Drug Awareness, R. E. Herman, A. M. Fox. Avon, New York 1970
  • Laskowitz D. The adolescent drug addict: An Adlerian view. J. Individ. Psychol May, 1961; 17: 68–79
  • Laskowitz D. Psychological characteristics of the adolescent addict. Drug Addiction in Youth, E. Harms. Pergamon, New York 1965
  • Laurie P. Drugs. Penguin, London 1969
  • Lindesmith A. A sociological theory of drug addiction. Am. J. Social January, 1938; 43: 593–613
  • Lindesmith A. Basic problems in the social psychology of addiction and a theory. Narcotics Addiction, J. O'Donnell, J. C. Ball. Harper and Row, New York 1966
  • Lister R. E. Chemistry and pharmacology of narcotic drugs in adolescence. The Pharmacological and Epidemiological Aspects of Adolescent Drug Dependence, C. W.M. Wilson. Pergamon, London 1968
  • Lukoff I. Issues in the evaluation of heroin treatment. Drug Use: Epidemiological and Sociological Approaches, E. Josephson, E. E. Carroll. Wiley, New York 1974
  • Maris R. Deviance as therapy: The paradox of the self-destructive female. J. Health Soc. Behav June, 1971; 12: 113–124
  • Meerloo J. A. Artificial ecstasy: A study of the psychosomatic aspects of drug addiction. J. Nerv. Mem. Dis January-June, 1952; 115: 246–266
  • Merton R. Social structure and anomie. Deviant Behavior and Social Process, W. Rushing. Rand McNally, Chicago 1969
  • Messinger E., Zitrin A. A statistical study of criminal drug addicts. Crime Delinquency July, 1965; 11: 283–292
  • Murray J. B. Drug addiction. J. Gen. Psychol July, 1967; 77: 41–68
  • Nichols J. R. How opiates change behavior. Sci. Am April, 1965; 212: 80–88
  • Nyswander M. The Drug Addict as a Patient. Grune and Stratton, New York 1956
  • Parsons T. Certain primary sources and patterns of aggression in the social structure of the western world. Psychiatry May 2, 1947; 10: 167–181
  • Pittel S. M. Psychosocial aspects of heroin and other drug dependence. J. Psychedelic Drugs Fall, 1971; 4: 40–45
  • Preble E., Casey J. Taking care of business: The heroin user's life on the street. Int. J. Addict 1969; 4: 1–24
  • Rado S. The psychic effects of intoxicants: An attempt to evolve a psychoanalytic theory of morbid craving. Int. J. Psychoanal April, 1926; 7: 376–413
  • Rado S. The psychoanalysis of pharmocothymia (drug addiction). Psychiatric Q January, 1933; 2: 1–23
  • Rado S. Narcotic bondage: A general theory of dependence on narcotic drugs. Am. J. Psychiatry August, 1957; 114: 165–170
  • Rasor R. Narcotic addicts: Personality characteristics and hospital treatment. Problems of Addiction and Habituation, P. Hock, J. Zubin. Grune and Stratton, New York 1958
  • Raymond F. Drug abuse: A sociological viewpoint. Arete Fall, 1973; 2: 183–198
  • Rubington E. Drug addiction as a deviant career. Int. J. Addict 1967; 2: 3–20
  • Rushing W. Antecedents and determinants. Deviant Behavior and Social Process, W. Rushing. Rand McNally, Chicago 1969
  • Scher J. Patterns and profiles of addiction and drug abuse. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry November, 1966; 15: 539–551
  • Sharoff R. L. Character problems and their relationship to drug use. Am. J. Psychoanal 1969
  • Shaw C. R., McKay H. D. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1942
  • Simmel E. E. Psychoanalytic treatment in a sanatorium. J. Psychoanal January, 1929; 10: 70–89
  • Simmel E. E. Alcoholism and addiction. Psychoanal. Q January, 1948; 7: 6–31
  • Sington D. Psychosocial Aspects of Drug Taking. Pergamon, OxfordEngland 1966
  • Sutherland E. H. Principles of Criminology. Lippincott, Chicago 1939
  • Terry C. E., Pellens M. The Opium Problem. The Committee on Drug Addiction with the Bureau of Social Hygiene, New York 1928
  • Thomas P. Down These Mean Streets. Knopf, New York 1967
  • Vaillent G. History of urban narcotic addiction. Scientific Basis of Drug Dependence, H. Steinberg. Churchill, London 1969
  • Weisman I. Drug abuse: Contradictions and uncertainties. Ideas about Drug Abuse: Proceedings from the Institute for Drug Education at Syracuse, M. Reagon. Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 1972a
  • Weisman I. Drug abuse: Some practice dilemmas. Soc. Serv. Rev September, 1972b; 46: 378–394
  • Wellisch D., Gay G., Wesson D., Smith D. The psychotic heroin addict. J. Psychedelic Drugs Fall, 1971; 4: 46–49
  • Wieder H., Kaplan C. Drug use in adolescence: Psychodynamic meaning and pharmocogenic effect. Psychoanal. Study Child 1969; 24: 399–431
  • Wikler A. Conditioning factors in opiate addiction and relapse. Narcotics, D. Wilner, G. Kassenbaum. McGraw-Hill, New York 1965
  • Willis J. Drug Dependence. Faber and Faber, London 1969
  • Wilson J. Q., Moore M. H., Wheat I. D. The problem of heroin. Public Interest Fall, 1972; 29: 3–28
  • Winick C. Narcotics addiction and its treatment. Law Contemp. Probl Winter, 1957; 22: 9–33
  • Yorke C. A critical review of some psychoanalytic literature on drug addiction. Br. J. Med. Psychol June, 1970; 43: 141–159

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.