13
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Lexington Addicts, 1971–1972: Demographic Characteristics, Drug Use Patterns, and Selected Infectious Disease Experience

, , , &
Pages 609-626 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Biggam A. G. Malignant malaria associated with the administration of heroin intravenously. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1929; 23: 147–153
  • Brown L. S., Murphy D. L., Primm B. J. Needle sharing and AIDS in minorities. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1987; 258: 1474–1475
  • Brown S. M., Stimmel B., Taub R. N., Kochwa S., Rosenfield R. E. Immunological dysfunction in heroin addicts. Arch. Intern. Med. 1974; 134: 1001–1006
  • Chaisson R. E., Moss A. R., Onishi R., Osmond D., Carlson J. R. Human immunodeficiency virus infection in heterosexual intravenous drug users in San Francisco. Am. J. Public Health 1987; 77: 169–172
  • Cherubin C. E., Millian S. J. Serologic investigations in narcotic addicts. I. Syphilis, lymphogranuloma venereum, herpes simplex, and Q fever. Ann. Intern. Med. 1968; 69: 739–742
  • Dowdle W. Presented at the meeting AIDS: Corporate America Responds, Sponsored by Allstate Insurance Company. 1987. Chicago, IL October, 1987
  • Fiorini G., Marinig C, Riboli P., Onida L., Aversa A. M., Renoldi P., Marini U., Gibelli A. AIDS-like immunologic alterations in clinically unaffected drug users. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1985; 84: 354–357
  • Francis D. P., Hadler S. C., Prendergast T. J., Peterson E., Ginsberg M. M., Lookabaugh C, Holmes J. R., Maynard J. E. Occurrence of hepatitis A, B, and non-A/non-B in the United States. Sentinel county hepatitis study I. Am. J. Med. 1984; 76: 69–74
  • Friedland G. H., Harris C, Butkus-Small C, Shine D., Moll B., Dar-Row W., Klein R. S. Intravenous drug abusers and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Demographic, drug use, and needle sharing patterns. Arch. Intern. Med. 1985; 145: 1413–1417
  • Friedmann C. T.H., Dover A. S., Roberto R. R., Kearns O. A. A malaria epidemic among hexoing users. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1973; 22: 302–307
  • Ginzburg H. M. Intravenous drug users and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Public Health Rep. 1984; 99: 206–212
  • Ginzburg H. M., Weiss S. H. Blood counts in male parenteral drug users. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1985; 253: 514
  • Ginzburg H. M., Weiss S. H., Mac Donald M. G., Hubbard R. L. HTLV-III exposure among drug users. Cancer Res (Suppl). 1985; 45: 4605s–4608s
  • Gorodetzky C. W., Sapira J. D., Jasinski D. R., Martin W. R. Liver disease in narcotic addicts. I. The role of the drug. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1968; 9: 720–724
  • Harmon J., Aliapoulios M. A. Gynecomastia in marihuana users. N. Engl. J. Med. 1972; 287: 936
  • Hayward A. R. Lymphocyte disorders. Blood and Its Disorders2nd ed., R. M. Hardisty, J. D. Weatherall. Blackwell Scientific Publications, OxfordEngland 1981; 675–677
  • Hollinger F. B., Khan N. C., Oefinger P. E., Yawn D. H., Schmulen A. C., Dressman G. R., Melnick J. L. Posttransfusion hepatitis type A. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1983; 250: 2313–2317
  • IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE. Recommendations for protection against viral hepatitis. M.M.W.R. 1985; 34: 313–335
  • IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE. Update on hepatitis B prevention. M.M.W.R. 1987; 36: 353–366
  • Kaufman R. E., Weiss S., Moore J. D., Falcone V., Weisner R. Biological false-positive serological tests for syphilis among drug addicts. Br. J. Vener. Dis. 1974; 50: 350–353
  • Koike T., Sueishi M., Funaka H., Tomioka H., Yoshida S. Antiphospholipid antibodies and biological false positive serological test for syphilis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1984; 56: 193–199
  • Lange W. R., Haertzen C. A., Hickey J. E., Synder F. R., Dax E. M., Jaffe J. H. Nitrite inhalants: Patterns of abuse in Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1988; 14: 29–39
  • Lange W. R., Snyder F. R., Lozovsky D., Kaistha V., Kaczaniuk M. A., Jaffe J. H. HIV infection in Baltimore: Antibody seroprevalence rates among parenteral drug abusers and prostitutes. Maryland Med. J. 1987; 36: 757–761
  • Lazzarin A., Mella L., Trombini M., Umberti-Foppa C, Franzetti F., Mazzoni G., Galli M. Immunological status in heroin addicts: Effects of methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1984; 13: 117–123
  • Lemon S. M. Type A viral hepatitis. New developments in an old disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1985; 313: 1059–1067
  • Lyman D. O., Boese R. J., Shearer L. A. Malaria among heroin users. Health Serv. Rep. 1972; 87: 545–549
  • Maayan S., Wormser G. P., Hewlett D., Miller S. N., Duncanson F. P., Rodriguez A., Perla E. N., Koppel B., Rieber E. E. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in an economically disadvantaged population. Arch. Intern. Med. 1985; 145: 1607–1612
  • Marmor M., Desjarlais D. C., Friedman S. R., Lyden M., El-Sadr W. The epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and suggestions for its control in drug users. J. Substance Abuse Treat. 1984; 1: 237–247
  • Drug addiction and the U.S. Public Health Service. Proceedings of symposium commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Addiction Research Center, Lexington, KY, 1978, W. R. Martin, I. Isbell. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1978; 325, DHEW publ. no. [ADM] 77–434
  • Millian S. J., Cherubin C. E. Serologic investigations in narcotic addicts. III. Latix fixation, C-reactive protein, “Monotest,” serum proteins, and SH antigen. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1971; 56: 693–698
  • Nair M. P.N., Laing T. J., Schwartz S. A. Decreased natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activities in intravenous drug abusers. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1986; 38: 68–78
  • Ostor A. G. The medical complications of narcotic addiction-I. Med. J. Aust. 1977; 1: 410–415
  • Rabin B. S., D'Amanda C. Immunoglobulin alterations associated with heroin addiction. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1973; 14: 359–363
  • Reddy M. M., Englard A., Brown D., Buimorici-Klien E., Grieco M. H. Lymphoproliferative responses to human immunodeficiency virus antigen in asymptomatic intravenous drug abusers and in patients with lymphadenopathy or AIDS. J. Infect. Dis. 1987; 156: 374–376
  • Sapira J. D. The narcotic addict as a medical patient. Am. J. Med. 1968; 45: 555–588
  • Sapira J. D., Ball J. C., Penn H. Causes of death among institutionalized narcotic addicts. J. Chron. Dis. 1970; 22: 733–742
  • Sapira J. D., Jasinski D. R., Gorodetzky C. W. Liver disease in narcotic addicts. II. The role of the needle. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1968; 9: 725–739
  • Sattin R. W., Roisin A., Kafrissen M. E., Dugan J. B., Farer L. S. Epidemic of gynecomastia among illegal Haitian entrants. Public Health Rep. 1984; 99: 504–510
  • Scheutz F., Skinhoj P., Mark I. Viral hepatitis among parenteral drug addicts attending a Danish addiction clinic. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1983; 15: 139–143
  • Simpson D. D., Curtis B., Butler M. C. Description of drug users in treatment: 1971–1972 DARP admissions. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1975; 2: 15–28
  • Sundkvist T., Johansson B., Widell A. Rectum carried drugs may spread hepatitis A among drug addicts. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1985; 17: 14
  • Szmuness W., Dienstag J. L., Purcell R. H., Harley E. J., Stevens C. E., Wong D. C. Distribution of antibody to hepatitis A antigen in urban adult populations. N. Engl. J. Med. 1976; 295: 755–759
  • Tor J., Junca J., Ginesea C, Rey-Joly C., Foz M. T-Lymphocyte subsets in hospitalized drug abusers: Is there more than meets the eye?. Arch. Intern. Med. 1985; 145: 2134–2136
  • Vogel H., Cherubin C. E., Millian S. J. Febrile agglutinins in narcotic addicts. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1970; 53: 932–935
  • Weppner R. S., Agar M. H. Immediate precursors to heroin addiction. J. Health Soc. Behav. 1971; 12: 10–18
  • Widell A., Hansson B. G., Moestrup T., Nordenfeldt E. Increased occurrence of hepatitis A with cyclic outbreaks among drug addicts in a Swedish community. Infection 1983; 1: 198–200

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.