69
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Cocaine-Profiles, Drug Histories, and Patterns of Use of Patients from Brazil

&
Pages 1527-1548 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Advisory Council on The Misuse of Drugs. Drug Misusers and the Criminal Justice System. HMSO, London 1991
  • Ameijden J. A., Hoek J. A., Hartgers R. A., Coutinho R. A. Risk factors for the transition from noninjection to injection drug use and accompanying AIDS risk behavior in a cohort of drug users. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1994; 139: 1153–1163
  • Andrews J. A., Hops H., Ary D., et al. The construction, validation and use of a Gutman scale of adolescent substance use. J. Drug Issues 1991; 21: 557–572
  • Barata L. C., Andriguetti M. T., Matos M. R. Surto de malária induzida entre usuários de drogas injetáveis [An outbreak of induced malaria among injecting drug users]. Rev. Saúde Pública 1993; 27: 9–14
  • Bastos F. I., Lopes C. S., Dias P. R., et al. Perfil de usuários de drogas I—estudo de características de pacientes do NEPAD/UERJ—1986/1987 [Drug users profiles I—A study of the characteristics of pacientes from NEPAD/UERJ—1986/1987]. Rev. ABP-APAL 1988; 10: 47–52
  • Bucher R., Fares A. T., Pelegrini R., et al. A avaliação qualitativa dos atendimentos a usuários de drogas [A qualitative evaluation of outpatient drug users]. Rev. ABP-APAL 1995; 17: 75–86
  • Carlini E. A., Nappo S. A., Galduro Az J. C. A cocaína no Brad ao longo dos últimos anos [Cocaine in Brazil during the last few years]. Rev. ABP-APAL 1993; 15: 121–127
  • Carroll K. M., Rounsaville B. J. Contrast of treatment-seeking and untreated cocaine abusers. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1992; 49: 464–471
  • Carvalho H. B., Mesquita F., Masad E., et al. HIV and infections of a similar transmission pattern in a drug injectors community of Santos, Brazil. J. Acquired Immune Defïciency Syndroms Hum. Retrovirol. 1996; 12: 84–92
  • Castel S., Malbergier A. Farmacodependěncia—estudo comparativo de uma população atendida em serviço especializado: 1984-1988 [Pharmacodependency—A comparative study of a population treated in a specialist service: 1984-19881. Rev. ABP-APAL 1989; 11: 126–132
  • Craddock S. G., Rounds-Bryant J. L., Flynn P. M., Hubbard R. L. Characteristics and pretreatment behaviors of clients entering drug abuse treatment: 1969-1993. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1997; 23: 43–59
  • Darke S., Cohen J., Ross J., et al. Transitions between routes of administration of regular amphetamine users. Addiction 1994; 89: 1077–1084
  • Des Jarlais D. C., Casriel C., Friedman S. R., Rosenblum A. AIDS and the transition to illicit drug injection—Results of a randomized trial prevention program. Br. J. Addict. 1992; 87: 493–498
  • Dunn J., Ferri C. P. The price of crack in São Paulo, Brazil. Addiction 1998; 93: 287–288
  • Dunn J., Laranjeira R. Brazil: The epidemic that was allowed to happen. Addiction 1996; 91: 1094–1095
  • Dunn J., Laranjeira R., Silveira D. X., et al. Crack cocaine: An increase in use among patients attending clinics in São Paulo: 199&1993. Substance Use Misuse 1996; 31: 519–527
  • Galduróz J. C., Noto A. R., Carlini E. A. IV Levantamento sobre o Uso de Drogas entre Estudantes de 1 e 2 graus em 10 Capitais Brasileiras 1997. Brazil, CEBRID, São Paulo 1997, [The IV Survey of Drug Use among 1st and 2nd Grade Pupils in 10 Brazilian Capital Cities—1997]
  • Gold M. S. Drugs of Abuse. A Comprehensive Series for Clinicians. Volume 3: Cocaine. Plenum Medical Book Co, New York, NY 1993
  • Gossop M., Griffiths P., Powis B., Strang J. Cocaine: Patterns of use, route of administration and severity of dependence. Br. J. Psychiatry 1994; 164: 660–664
  • Grella C. E., Anglin M. D., Wugalter S. E. Cocaine and crack use and HIV risk behaviors among high-risk methadone maintenance clients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995; 37: 15–21
  • Griffiths P., Gossop M., Powis B., Strang J. Transitions in pattern of heroin administration: A study of heroin chasers and heroin injectors. Addiction 1994; 89: 301–309
  • Hartgers C., van den Hoek A., Krijnen P., et al. Changes over time in heroin and cocaine use among injecting drug users in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1985-1989. Br. J. Addiction 1991; 86: 1091–1097
  • Hunt D. Stealing and dealing: Cocaine and property crimes. The Epidemiology of Cocaine Use and Abuse, S. Schober, C. Schade. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville MD 1991, (NIDA Research Monograph 110)
  • Inciardi J. A. Crack-cocaine in the Americas. Brasil—United States Binational Research. São, M. G. Monteiro, J. A. Inciardi. CEBRID, Paulo Brazil 1993
  • Irwin K. L., Edlin B. R., Faruque S., et al. Crack cocaine smokers who turn to drug injection: Characteristics, factors associated with injection, and implications for HIV transmission. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1996; 42: 85–92
  • Kandel D. B., Faust R. Sequence and stages in patterns of adolescent drug use. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1975; 32: 923–932
  • Kleinman P. H., Miller A. B., Millman R. B., et al. Psychopathology among cocaine abusers entering treatment. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1990; 178: 442–447
  • Kosten T. R., Kleber H. D. Clinicians Guide to Cocaine Addiction. Theory, Research and Treatment. Guildford Press, New York, NY 1992
  • Lundy A., Gottheil E., Serota R. D., et al. Gender differences and similarities in African-American crack cocaine abusers. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1995; 183: 260–266
  • Mackesy-Amiti M. E., Fendrich M., Goldstein P. J. Sequence of drug use among serious drug users: Typical vs atypical progression. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1997; 45: 185–196
  • Means L. B., Small M., Capone D. M., et al. Client demographics and outcome in outpatient cocaine treatment. Int. J. Addict. 1989; 24: 765–783
  • Miller N. S., Gold M. S., Millman R. B. Cocaine: General characteristics, abuse, and addiction. N. Y. State J. Med. 1989; 89: 390–395
  • Mott J. Crack and Cocaine Use in England and Wales. Home Office, London 1992
  • Murad J. E. Epidemiologia do abuso de drogas em Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Rev. Farm. Bioquím. 1983; 5: 21–30, [The epidemiology of drug abuse in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil]
  • Murphy S., Reinarman C., Waldorf D. An 11-year follow-up of a network of cocaine users. Br. J. Addiction 1989; 84: 427–436
  • Nappo S. A., Galduro Az J. C., Notto A. R. Crack use in São Paulo. Substance Use Misuse 1996; 31: 565–579
  • Platt J. Cocaine Addiction Theory. Research and Treatment. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1997
  • Pottieger A. E., Tressell P. A., Inciardi J. A., Rosales T. A. Cocaine use patterns and overdose. J. Psychoactive Drugs 1992; 24: 399–410
  • Scivoletto S., Henriques S. G., Jr., Andrade A. G. A progressão do consumo de drogas entre adolescentes que procuram tratamento. J. Bras. Psiquiatr. 1996; 45: 201–207, [The progression of drug consumption among treatment-seeking adolescents]
  • Slegel R. K. Changing patterns of cocaine use. Longitudinal observations, consequences, and treatment. Cocaine Pharmacology, Effects and Treatment of Abuse, J Grabowski. National Institute of Drug Abuse, Rockville MA 1984, (NTDA Research Monograph 50)
  • Silveira Filho D. X., Ce Asar A. C. Perfil de usuårios de drogas: caracterização dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório do PROAD/EPM em 1989 Rev. ABP-APAL 1991; 13: 39–42, [Profile of drug users: The characteristics of treated patients at the outpatient clinic PROAD/EPM in 1989].
  • Souza J. C. Comportamento sexual, DST/AIDS e uso de drogas entre conscritos do Exército Brasileiro. J. Bras. Psiquiatr. 1994; 43: 553–560, [Sexual behavior, STDs/AIDS and drug use among conscripts to the Brazilian Army]
  • Strang J., Griffiths P., Powis B., Gossop M. First use of heroin: Changes in route of administration overtime. Br. Med. J. 1992; 304: 1222–1223
  • Wallace B. C. Crack Cocaine—A Practical Treatment Approach for the Chemically Dependent. Brunner/Mazel, New York, NY 1991
  • Weiss R. D., Mirin S. M., Bartel R. L. Cocaine. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 1993
  • WHO Collaborative Study Group. An international comparative study of HIV prevalence and risk behaviour among drug injectors in 13 cities. Bull. Narc. 1993; 45: 19–46

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.