Evaluation of droplet size distributions using univariate and multivariate approaches

References

• Chopra R, Newton JM, Alderborn G, Podczeck F. Preparation of pellets of different shape and their characterization. Pharm Dev Technol 2001;6:495–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato Y, Sasakura D, Miura T, Nagatomo A, Terada K. Evaluation of risk and benefit in the application of near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor the granule coating process. Pharm Dev Technol 2008;13:205–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearnchob N, Siepmann J, Bodmeier R. Pharmaceutical applications of shellac: moisture-protective and taste-masking coatings and extended-release matrix tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2003;29:925–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinbach E, Riede T. Coating of solids. Chem Eng Process 1995;34:329–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra R, Alderborn G, Podczeck F, Newton JM. The influence of pellet shape and surface properties on the drug release from uncoated and coated pellets. Int J Pharm 2002;239:171–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorck CA, Grunenberg PC, Jünger H, Laicher A. Influence of process parameters on sustained-release theophylline pellets coated with aqueous polymer dispersions and organic solvent-based polymer solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1997;43:149–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iley WJ. Effect of particle size and porosity on particle film coatings. Powder Technol 1991;65:441–445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang ST, Van Savage G, Weiss J, Ghebre-Sellassie I. The effect of spray mode and chamber geometry of fluid-bed coating equipment and other parameters on an aqueous-based ethylcellulose coating. Int J Pharm 1992:86:247–257.
   Google Scholar
• Bertelsen P, Norring Christensen F. Qualitative Description of the Wurster-based fluid-bed coating process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1997;23:451–463.
   Google Scholar
• Bertelsen P, Christensen FN, Holm P, Jørgensen K. Comparison of organic solvent-based ethylcellulose coatings of KCl crystals applied by top and bottom spraying in fluidized-bed equipment. Int J Pharm 1994;111:117–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecomte F, Siepmann J, Walther M, MacRae RJ, Bodmeier R. Polymer blends used for the coating of multiparticulates: comparison of aqueous and organic coating techniques. Pharm Res 2004;21:882–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemati M, Cherif R, Saleh K, Pont V. Fluidized bed coating and granulation: influence of process-related variables and physicochemical properties on the growth kinetics. Powder Technol 2003;130:18–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parikh NH, Porter SC, Rohera BD. Aqueous ethylcellulose dispersion of ethylcellulose. I. Evaluation of coating process variables. Pharm Res 1993;10:525–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen CC, Sonnergaard JM, Bertelsen P, Holm P. A new process control strategy for aqueous film coating of pellets in fluidised bed. Eur J Pharm Sci 2003;20:273–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe RC, Forse SF. The effect of process conditions on the incidence of Bridging of the Intagliations and Edge splitting and peeling on film coated tablets. Acta Pharm Technol 1982;28:207–210.
   Google Scholar
• Saleh K, Cherif R, Hemati M. An experimental study of fluidized-bed coating: influence of operating conditions on growth rate and mechanism. Adv Powder Technol 1999;10:255–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hede PD, Bach P, Jensen AD. Small-scale top-spray fluidised bed coating: Granule impact strength, agglomeration tendency and coating layer morphology. Powder Technol 2007;176:156–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham C, Hogan J, Aulton ME. Pharmaceutical Coating Technology. New York, USA: Taylor and Francis, 1995:64–116.
   Google Scholar
• Kim KY, Marshall WR. Drop size distributions from pneumatic atomizers. AIChE J 1970;17:575–584.
   Google Scholar
• Schæfer T, Wørtz O. Control of fluidized bed granulation: II. Estimation of droplet size of atomized binder solutions. Arch Pharm Chem Sci 1977;5:178–193.
   Google Scholar
• Schick RJ. Spray technology reference guide: understanding drop size. Spray Analysis and Research Services 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Juslin L, Antikainen O, Merkku P, Yliruusi J. Droplet size measurement: II. Effect of three independent variables on parameters describing the droplet size distribution from a pneumatic nozzle studied by multilinear stepwise regression analysis. Int J Pharm 1995;123:257–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juslin L, Antikainen O, Merkku P, Yliruusi J. Droplet size measurement: I. Effect of three independent variables on droplet size distribution and spray angle from a pneumatic nozzle. Int J Pharm 1995;123:247–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre AH. Some Recent Developments in Twin-Fluid Atomization. Part Part Syst Char 1996;13:205–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schæfer T, Wørts O. Control of fluidized bed granulation IV Effect of binder solution and atomization on granule size and size distribution. Arch Pharm Chem Sci 1978;6:14–25.
   Google Scholar
• Hede PD, Bach P, Jensen AD. Two-fluid spray atomisation and pneumatic nozzles for fluid bed coating/agglomeration purposes: A review. Chem Eng Sci 2008;63:3821–3842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walzel P. Liquid atomization. Int Chem Eng 1993;33:46–60.
   Google Scholar
• Gretzinger J, Marshall WR. Characteristics of pneumatic atomization. AIChE J 1961;7:312–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho IS, Heitor MV. Liquid film break-up in a model of a prefilming airblast nozzle. Exp Fluids 1998;24:408–415.
   Google Scholar
• Engelbert C, Hardalupas Y, Whitelaw JH. Breakup phenomena in coaxial airblast atomizers. Proc R Soc Lond Ser-A 1995;451:189–229.
   Google Scholar
• Wan LSC, Heng PWS, Liew CV. The influence of liquid spray rate and atomizing pressure on the size of spray droplets and spheroids. Int J Pharm 1995;118:213–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber D, Keuter J, Kravig K. A logical stepwise approach to laser diffraction particle size distribution analysis methods development and validation. Pharm Dev Technol 1998;3:153–161.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thybo P, Hovgaard L, Andersen SK, Lindeløv JS. Droplet size measurements for spray dryer scale-up. Pharm Dev Technol 2008;13:93–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers H, Larjo J, Antikainen O, Räikkönen H, Heinämäki J, Yliruusi J. In situ droplet size and speed determination in a fluid-bed granulator. Int J Pharm 2010;391:148–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre AH. Atomization and Sprays. West Lafayette: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1989:79–101.
   Google Scholar
• Laitinen N, Rantanen J, Laine S, Antikainen O, Räsänen E, Airaksinen S, Yliruusi J. Visualization of particle size and shape distributions using self-organizing maps. Chemometr Intell Lab 2002;62:47–60.
   Google Scholar
• Sandler N, Wilson D. Prediction of granule packing and flow behavior based on particle size and shape analysis. J Pharm Sci 2010;99:958–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitinen N, Antikainen O, Rantanen J, Yliruusi J. New perspectives for visual characterization of pharmaceutical solids. J Pharm Sci 2004;93:165–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters K. Spray drying handbook. Part II The Process Stages of Spray Drying, 6 Atomization. Harlow, England: Longmann Scientific & Technical, 1991:193–274.
   Google Scholar