Transdermal nortriptyline hydrocloride patch formulated within a chitosan matrix intended to be used for smoking cessation

References

• Accessed from the website: http://www.cdc.gov/Tobacco/sgr/sgr_1964/sgr64.htm
   Google Scholar
• Accessed from the website: http://www.who.int/tobacco/en
   Google Scholar
• Accessed from the website: http://www.fctc.org
   Google Scholar
• Peto R, Darby S, Deo H, Silcocks P, Whitley E, Doll R. Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: Combination of national statistics with two case-control studies. BMJ 2000;321:323–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthonisen NR, Skeans MA, Wise RA, Manfreda J, Kanner RE, Connett JE, et al. The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: A randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:233–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes HH, Sullivan PF, Bulik CM, Neale MC, Prescott CA, et al. A twin study of genetic and environmental influences on tobacco initiation, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence. Psychol Med 2004;34:1251–1261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry CL, Eriksen MP, Giovino G. Tobacco use: A paediatric epidemic. Tob Control 1994;3:97–98.
   Google Scholar
• Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J. Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950–2000. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. Washington, DC, US: Government Printing Office, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: Nicotine addiction. Washington, DC, US: Government Printing Office, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Royal College of Physicians. Nicotine addiction in Britain: A report of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London: Royal College of Physicians; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Foulds J, Burke M, Steinberg M. Advances in pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2004;9:39–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benowitz NL. Drug therapy. Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1318–1330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer G. Smoking behavior and compensation: A review of the literature. Psychopharmacology 1999;145:1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall SM, Reus VI, Munoz RF, Sees KL, Humfleet G, et al. Nortriptyline and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of cigarette smoking. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:683–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prochazka AV, Weaver MJ, Keller RT, Fryer GE, Licari PA, Lofaso D. A randomized trial of nortriptyline for smoking cessation. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:2035–2039.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• da Costa CL, Younes RN, Lourenco MT. Stopping smoking: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing nortriptyline to placebo. Chest 2002;122:403–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar-Chávez JJ, Merino V, López-Cervantes Miriam, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem-Quintanar A. The use of iontophoresis in the administration of nicotine and new non-nicotine drugs through the skin for smoking cessation. Current Drug Discovery Technologies 2009;6(3):171–185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall SM, Humfleet GL, Reus VI Munoz RF, Hartz DT, Maude-Griffin R. Psychological intervention and antidepressant treatment in smoking cessation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:930–936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes JR, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nortriptyline for smoking cessation: A review. Nicotine Tob Res 2005; 7:491–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/qwp/060996en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Howes D, Guy R, Hadgraft J, Heylings J, Hoeck U, Kemper F, Maibach H, Marty JP, Merk H, Parra J, Rekkas D, Rondelli I, Schaefer H, Tauber U, Verbiese N. Methods for assessing percutaneous absorption. The report and recommendations of ECVAM workshop 13. ATLA 1996;24:81–106.
   Google Scholar
• Femenía-Font A, Balaguer-Fernández C, Merino V, López-Castellano. A. iontophoretic transdermal delivery of sumatriptan: Effect of current density and ionic strength. J Pharm Sci 2005;94(10):2183–2186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghahramani P, Lennard MS. Quantitative analysis of amitryptiline and nortriptyline in human plasma and liver microsomal preparations by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996;685(2):307–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah VP, Midha KK, Dighe S, McGilveray IJ, Skelly JP, Yacobi A, et al. Analytical methods validation: Bioavailability, bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Sci 1992; 81(3):309–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merino V, Micó-Albiñana T, Nácher A, Díez-Sales O, Herráez M, Merino-Sanjuán M. Enhancement of nortriptyline penetration through human epidermis: Influence of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008;60(4):415–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammar HO, Salama HA, El-Nahhas SA, Elmotasem H. Design and evaluation of chitosan films for transdermal delivery of glimepiride. Curr Drug Deliv 2008;5(4):290–298.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nair V, Panchangula R. Poloxamer gel as vehicle for transdermal iontophoretic delivery of arginine vasopressin: Evaluation of in vivo performance in rats. Pharmacol Res 2003;47(6):555–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oechsner M, Keipert S. Polyacrylic acid/polyvinylpyrrolidone bipolymeric systems. I. Rheological and mucoadhesive properties of formulations potentially useful for the treatment of dry-eye-syndrome. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1999;47(2):113–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diez-Sales O, Dolz M, Hernández MJ, Casanovas A., Herraez M. Acyclovir delivery matrices basedon poly(ethylene glicol)/chitosan semi-interpenetrating networks. J Pharm Sci 2007;96(6):1653–1657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koller C, Buri P. Propriété e intérêt pharmaceutique des gels thermoréversibles a base de poloxamers et poloxamines. STP Pharmaceutics 1987;3(2):115–124.
   Google Scholar
• Miyazaki S, Takeuchi S, Yokouchi C, Takada M. PluronicF-127 gels as vehicles for topical administration of anticancer agents. Chem Pharm Bull 1984;32(10):4205–4208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert JC, Hadgraft J, Bye A, Brookes L. Drug release from Pluronic F-127 gels. Int J Pharm 1986;32:223–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiBiase M, Rhodes C. Formulation and evaluation of epidermal growth factor in Pluronic-127 gel. Drug Develop Ind Pharm 1996;22(8):823–831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai O, Pachagnula R. Transdermal delivery of insulin from poloxamer gel: Ex vivo and in vivo skin permeation studies in rat using iontophoresis and chemical enhancers. J Control Release 2003;89(1):127–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar-Chávez JJ, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem-Quintanar A. In vivo skin permeation of sodium naproxen formulated in PF-127 gels: Effect of Azone® and Transcutol®. Drug Develop Ind Pharm 2005;31:447–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar-Chávez JJ, López-Cervantes M, Naïk A, Kalia YN, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem-Quintanar A. Applications of the thermoreversible Pluronic F-127 gels in pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2006;9(3):339–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar-Chávez JJ, Merino-Sanjuán V, López-Cervantes M. The tape-stripping technique as a method for drug quantification in skin. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2008;11(1):104–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar-Chávez JJ, Melgoza-Contreras LM, López-Cervantes M, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem-Quintanar A. The tape stripping technique as a valuable tool for evaluating topical applied compounds. In: Caldwell GW, Atta-ur-Rahman FRS, Yan Z, et al., editors. Frontiers in Drug Design & Discovery. The Netherlands: Bentham Science Publishers; 2009;(4):189–227.
   Google Scholar
• Melero A, Garrigues TM, Almudever P, Martín Villodre A, Lehr CM, Schäfer U. Nortriptyline hydrochloride skin absorption: Development of a transdermal match. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008;69:588–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merlé Y, Mentré F. Optimal sampling times for Bayesian estimation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of nortriptyline during therapeutic drug monitoring. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1999;27(1):85–101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mooney ME, Reus VI, Gorecki J, Hall SM, Humfleet GL, Muñoz RF, Delucchi K. Therapeutic drug monitoring of nortriptyline in smoking cessation: A multistudy analysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008;83(3):436–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varghese E, Khar RK. Enhanced skin permeation of diclofenac by iontophoresis: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Control Rel 1996;38:21–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt JB, Binder M, Maicheiner W. New treatment of atrophic acne scars by iontophoresis with estriol and tretinoin. Int J Dermatol 1995;34:53–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel SJ, O’Neill C, Dube L, Kaldeway P, Morris R, Jackson D, Sebree T. A unique iontophoretic patch for optimal transdermal delivery of sumatriptan. Pharm Res 2007;24(10):1919–1926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar