Motivation to Quit Smoking Among Veterans Diagnosed with Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Disorders

REFERENCES

• Acton, G. S., Prochaska, J. J., Kaplan, A. S., Small, T., & Hall, S. M. (2001). Depression and stages of change for smoking in psychiatric outpatients. Addictive Behaviors, 26(5), 621–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astin, J. A., Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, C. E., & Shapiro, D. H. (2001). “The courage to change and the serenity to accept”—Further comments on fighting spirit and breast cancer. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 17(2), 142–144.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bauer, J. E., Hyland, A., Li, Q., Steger, C., & Cummings, K. M. (2005). A longitudinal assessment of the impact of smoke-free worksite policies on tobacco use. American Journal of Public Health, 95(6), 1024–1029.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beckham, J. C., Becker, M. E., Hamlett-Berry, K. W., Drury, P. D., Kang, H. K., Wiley, M. T., et al. (2008). Preliminary findings from a clinical demonstration project returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Military Medicine, 173(5), 448–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedard, K., & Deschênes, O. (2006). The long-term impact of military service on health: Evidence from World War II and Korean War veterans. American Economic Review, 96(1), 176–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastian, L. A., & Sherman, S. E.. (2010). Effects of the wars on smoking among veterans. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(2), 102–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braun, B. L., Fowles, J. B., Solberg, L. I., Kind, E. A., Lando, H., & Pine, D. (2004). Smoking-related attitudes and clinical practices of medical personnel in Minnesota. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(4), 316–322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., & Schultz, L. R. (2003). Posttraumatic stress disorder and the incidence of nicotine, alcohol, and other drug disorders in persons who have experienced trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(3), 289–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burling, A. S., & Burling, T. A. (2003). A comparison of self-report measures of nicotine dependence among male drug/alcohol-dependent cigarette smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5(5), 625–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caraballo, R. S., Giovino, G. A., Pechacek, T. F., Mowery, P. D., Richter, P. A., Strauss, W. J., (1998). Racial and ethnic differences in serum cotinine levels of cigarette smokers: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1991. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(2), 135–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmody, T. P., Vieten, C., & Astin, J. A. (2007). Negative affect, emotional acceptance, and smoking cessation. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 39(4), 499–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, J. G., Stein, M. D., McGarry, K. A., & Gogineni, A. (2001). Interest in smoking cessation among injection drug users. American Journal on Addictions, 10(2), 159–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coghlan, R., Lawrence, D., Holman, C. D. J., & Jablensky, A. V. (2001). Duty of care: Physical illness in people with mental illness. Perth: The University of Western Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Currie, S. R., Nesbitt, K., Wood, C., & Lawson, A. (2003). Survey of smoking cessation services in Canadian addiction programs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 24(1), 59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Veterans Affairs. (2006). Integrating tobacco cessation treatment into mental health care. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.
   Google Scholar
• DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J. O., Fairhurst, S. K., Velicer, W. F., Velasquez, M. M., & Rossi, J. S. (1991). The process of smoking cessation: An analysis of precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(2), 295–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., & Sutherland, I. (2004). Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. British Medical Journal, 328(7455), 1519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominick, K. L., Golightly, Y. M., & Jackson, G. L. (2006). Arthritis prevalence and symptoms among US non-veterans, veterans, and veterans receiving Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare. The Journal of Rheumatology, 33(2), 348–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreher, K. F., & Fraser, J. G. (1967). Smoking habits of alcoholic out-patients. Substance Use & Misuse, 2(2), 259–270.
   Google Scholar
• Essenmacher, C., Duffy, S. A., Karvonen-Gutierrez, C., & Lynch-Sauer, J. (2009). Staff attitudes toward the delivery of tobacco cessation services in a primarily psychiatric veterans affairs hospital. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 23(3), 231–242.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fagerstrom, K. O., Heatherton, T. F., & Kozlowski, L. T. (1990). Nicotine addiction and its assessment. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, 69(11), 763–765.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fiore, M. C., Hatsukami, D. K., & Baker, T. B. (2002). Effective tobacco dependence treatment. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(14), 1768–1771.
   Google Scholar
• Flach, S. D., & Diener, A. (2004). Eliciting patients’ preferences for cigarette and alcohol cessation: an application of conjoint analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 29(4), 791–799.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forchuk, C., Norman, R., Malla, A., Martin, M. L., McLean, T., Cheng, S., (2002). Schizophrenia and the motivation for smoking. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 38(2), 41–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulliver, S. B., Kamholz, B. W., & Helstrom, A. W. (2006). Smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence: What do the data tell us? Alcohol Reseasrch & Health, 29(3), 208–212.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guydish, J., Passalacqua, E., Tajima, B., & Manser, S. T. (2007). Staff smoking and other barriers to nicotine dependence intervention in addiction treatment settings: A review. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 39(4), 423–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, S. M., & Prochaska, J. J. (2009). Treatment of smokers with co-occurring disorders: Emphasis on integration in mental health and addiction treatment settings. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 409–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamlett-Berry, K., Davison, J., Kivlahan, D. R., Matthews, M. H., Hendrickson, J. E., & Almenoff, P. L. (2009). Evidence-based national initiatives to address tobacco use as a public health priority in the Veterans Health Administration. Military Medicine, 174(1), 29–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hammond, D., McDonald, P. W., Fong, G. T., & Borland, R. (2004). Do smokers know how to quit? Knowledge and perceived effectiveness of cessation assistance as predictors of cessation behaviour. Addiction, 99(8), 1042–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerstrom, K. O. (1991). The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86(9), 1119– 1127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houston, T. K., & Ford, D. E. (2008). A tailored Internet-delivered intervention for smoking cessation designed to encourage social support and treatment seeking: Usability testing and user tracing. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 33(1), 5–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hser, Y. I., Gelberg, L., Hoffman, V., Grella, C. E., McCarthy, W., & Anglin, M. D. (2004). Health conditions among aging narcotics addicts: Medical examination results. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27(6), 607–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurt, R. D., Offord, K. P., Croghan, I. T., Gomez-Dahl, L., Kottke, T. E., Morse, R. M., (1996). Mortality following inpatient addictions treatment. Role of tobacco use in a community-based cohort. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 275(14), 1097–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (2009). Combating tobacco use in military and veteran populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Istvan, J., & Matarazzo, J. D. (1984). Tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine use: A review of their interrelationships. Psychological Bulletin, 95(2), 301–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keizer, I., & Eytan, A. (2005). Variations in smoking during hospitalization in psychiatric in-patient units and smoking prevalence in patients and health-care staff. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 51(4), 317– 328.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirby, A. C., Hertzberg, B. P., Collie, C. F., Yeatts, B., Dennis, M. F., McDonald, S. D., (2008). Smoking in help-seeking veterans with PTSD returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. Addictive Behaviors, 33(11), 1448–1453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlowski, L. T., Jelinek, L. C., & Pope, M. A. (1986). Cigarette smoking among alcohol abusers: A continuing and neglected problem. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 77(3), 205–207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kozlowski, L. T., Wilkinson, D. A., Skinner, W., Kent, C., Franklin, T., & Pope, M. (1989). Comparing tobacco cigarette dependence with other drug dependencies. Greater or equal “difficulty quitting” and “urges to use,” but less “pleasure” from cigarettes. Journal of the American Medical Association, 261(6), 898–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lando, H., Hennrikus, D., McCarty, M., & Vessey, J. (2003). Predictors of quitting in hospitalized smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5(2), 215–222.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lasser, K., Boyd, J. W., Woolhandler, S., Himmelstein, D. U., McCormick, D., & Bor, D. H. (2000). Smoking and mental illness: A population-based prevalence study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(20), 2606–2610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawn, S., & Condon, J. (2006). Psychiatric nurses’ ethical stance on cigarette smoking by patients: determinants and dilemmas in their role in supporting cessation. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 15(2), 111–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenert, L., Munoz, R. F., Stoddard, J., Delucchi, K., Bansod, A., Skoczen, S., (2003). Design and pilot evaluation of an internet smoking cessation program. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 10(1), 16–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauer, B. (2006). Morbidity and mortality in people with serious mental illness. Alexandria VA: NASMHPD Medical Directors Council.
   Google Scholar
• McCarty, M. C., Hennrikus, D. J., Lando, H. A., & Vessey, J. T. (2001). Nurses’ attitudes concerning the delivery of brief cessation advice to hospitalized smokers. Preventive Medicine, 33(6), 674–681.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller, C. E. (1999). Stages of change theory and the nicotine-dependent client: Direction for decision making in nursing practice. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 13(1), 18–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morstad, A. E., Kutscher, E. C., Kennedy, W. K., & Carnahan, R. M. (2008). Hypomania with agitation associated with varenicline use in bipolar II disorder. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 42(2), 288–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukerji, S. S., Duffy, S. A., Fowler, K. E., Khan, M., Ronis, D. L., & Terrell, J. E. (2007). Comorbidities in head and neck cancer: Agreement between self-report and chart review. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, 136(4), 536–542.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nahvi, S., Richter, K., Li, X., Modali, L., & Arnsten, J. (2006). Cigarette smoking and interest in quitting in methadone maintenance patients. Addictive Behaviors, 31(11), 2127–2134.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oliver, D., Lubman, D. I., & Fraser, R. (2007). Tobacco smoking within psychiatric inpatient settings: A biopsychosocial perspective. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 572–580.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pike, K. J., Rabius, V., McAlister, A., & Geiger, A. (2007). American Cancer Society's QuitLink: Randomized trial of Internet assistance. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9(3), 415–420.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pleis, J. R., Lucas, J. W., & Ward, B. W. (2009). Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2008. Vital Health Stat, 10(242).
   Google Scholar
• Popkin, M. K. (2008). Exacerbation of recurrent depression as a result of treatment with varenicline. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(6), 774.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prochaska, J. J., Fletcher, L., Hall, S. E., & Hall, S. M. (2006). Return to smoking following a smoke-free psychiatric hospitalization. American Journal on Addictions, 15(1), 15–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prochaska, J. O. & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(3), 390–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prochaska, J. O. & DiClemente, C. C. (1992). Stages of change in the modification of problem behaviors. Progress in Behavior Modification, 28, 183– 218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pumariega, A. J., Nelson, R., & Rotenberg, L. (2008). Varenicline-induced mixed mood and psychotic episode in a patient with a past history of depression. CNS Spectrums, 13(6), 511–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter, K. P. (2006). Good and bad times for treating cigarette smoking in drug treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 38(3), 311–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., Colby, S. M., Gulliver, S. B., Swift, R. M., & Abrams, D. B. (2003). Naltrexone treatment for alcoholics: Effect on cigarette smoking rates. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5(2), 231–236.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Royce, J. M., Hymowitz, N., Corbett, K., Hartwell, T. D., & Orlandi, M. A. (1993). Smoking cessation factors among African Americans and whites. COMMIT Research Group. American Journal of Public Health, 83(2), 220–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shmueli, D., Fletcher, L., Hall, S. E., Hall, S. M., & Prochaska, J. J. (2008). Changes in psychiatric patients’ thoughts about quitting smoking during a smoke-free hospitalization. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10(5), 875–881.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stubbs, J., Haw, C., & Garner, L. (2004). Survey of staff attitudes to smoking in a large psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric Bulletin, 28, 204–207.
   Google Scholar
• Sundblad, B. M., Larsson, K., & Nathell, L. (2008). High rate of smoking abstinence in COPD patients: Smoking cessation by hospitalization. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10(5), 883–890.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Twardella, D., Loew, M., Rothenbacher, D., Stegmaier, C., Ziegler, H., & Brenner, H. (2006). The diagnosis of a smoking-related disease is a prominent trigger for smoking cessation in a retrospective cohort study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 59(1), 82–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, R. A., Bowman, J. A., Tzelepis, F., & Lecathelinais, C. (2005). Smoking cessation interventions in Australian drug treatment agencies: A national survey of attitudes and practices. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24(3), 235– 244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberger, A. H., Reutenauer, E. L., Vessicchio, J. C., & George, T. P. (2008). Survey of clinician attitudes toward smoking cessation for psychiatric and substance abusing clients. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 27(1), 55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willaing, I. & Ladelund, S. (2004). Smoking behavior among hospital staff still influences attitudes and counseling on smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6(2), 369–375.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams, J. M. (2008). Eliminating tobacco use in mental health facilities: Patients’ rights, public health, and policy issues. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 299(5), 571–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziedonis, D. M., Guydish, J., Williams, J., Steinberg, M., & Foulds, J. (2006). Barriers and solutions to addressing tobacco dependence in addiction treatment programs. Alcohol Research & Health, 29(3), 228–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziedonis, D. M., & Williams, J. M. (2003). Managment of smoking in people with psychiatric disorders: Management of tobacco addiction. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 16(3), 305–315.
   Google Scholar