Evaluation of patients with cardiac amyloidosis using echocardiography, ECG and right heart catheterization

References

• Falk RH, Comenzo RL, Skinner M. The systemic amyloidosis. N Engl J Med 1997;25:898–909
   Google Scholar
• Falk RH, Dubrey SW. Amyloid heart disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;52:327–61
   Google Scholar
• Kyle RA, Linos A, Beard CM, Linke RP, Gertz MA, O’Fallon WM, Kurland LT. Incidence and natural history of primary systemic amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950 through 1989. Blood 1992;79:1817–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrey SW, Cha K, Anderson J, Chamarthi B, Reisinger J, Skinner M, Falk RH. The clinical features of immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis with heart involvement. Q J Med 1998;91:141–57
   Google Scholar
• Mohty D, Pibarot P, Dumesnil JG, Darodes N, Lavergne D, Echahidi N, Virot P, et al. Left atrial size is an independent predictor of overall survival in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2011;104:611–18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Greipp PR, Witzig TE, Lust JA, Lacy MQ, Therneau TM. Long-term survival (10 years or more) in patients with primary amyloidosis. Blood 1999;93:1062–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piper C, Butz T, Farr M, Faber L, Oldenburg O, Horstkotte D. How to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis early: impact of ECG, tissue Doppler echocardiography, and myocardial biopsy. Amyloid 2010;17:1–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palladini G, Barassi A, Klersy C, Pacciolla R, Milani P, Sarais G, Perlini S, et al. The combination of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) at presentation and changes in N-terminal natriuretic peptide type B (NT-proBNP) after chemotherapy best predicts survival in AL-amyloidosis. Blood 2010;116:3426–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio S, Perlini S, Palladini G, Marsan NA, Faggiano G, Vezzoli M, Klersy C, et al. Importance of the echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function in patients with AL amyloidosis. Eur J Heart Failure 2007;9:808–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu DL, Neimann M, Hu K, Herrmann S, Sörk S, Knop S, Ertl G, et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of systolic and diastolic function in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Am J Cardiol 2011;108:591–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang W, Lang RM. Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac amyloid. Curr Cardiol Rep 2010;12:272–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitzgerald BT, Scalia GM, Cain PA, Garcia MJ, Thomas JD. Left atrial size – another differentiator for cardiac amyloidosis. Heart Lung Circulation 2011;20:574–8
   Google Scholar
• Carroll JD, Gaasch WH, McAdam KP. Amyloid cardiomyopathy: characterization by a distinctive voltage/mass relation. Am J Cardiol 1982;49:9–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertz MA, Comenzo R, Falk RH, Fermand JP, Hazenberg BF, Hawkins PN, Merlini G, et al. Definition of organ involvement and treatment response in immunoglobin light chain amyloidosis (AL): a consensus opinion from the 10th international symposium on amyloid and amyloidosis. Am J Hematol 2005;79:319–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, Picard MH, et al. Recommendation for chamber quantification: a report from the American society of echocardiography’s guidelines and standards committee and left chamber quantification group, in conjunction with the European association of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005;18:1440–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie PJ, Seward JB, Chan KL. Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler – catheterization study in 127 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;6:750–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagueh SF, Appleton CP, Gillebert TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth OA,Waggoner AD, et al. Recommendations for the evalutation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10:165–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD, Chandrasekaran K, Solomon SD, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American society of echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23:685–713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granstam S-O, Björklund E, Roos MW. A study on some echocardiographic measurements to right ventricular pressure, pulmonary systolic pressure and vascular resistance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;13:suppl. 1 (abstract 474)
   Google Scholar
• Lindquist P. Söderberg S, Gonzalez MC, Tossavianen E, Henein MY. Echocardiography based estimation of pulmonary hypertension: a simultaneous Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization study. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011;12:961–6
   Google Scholar
• Rahman JE, Helou EF, Gelzer-Bell R, Thompson RE, Kuo C, Rodriguez R, Hare JM, et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:410–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein AL, Hatle LK, Taliercio CP, Oh JK, Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Bailey KR, et al. Prognostic significance of Doppler measures of diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 1991;83:808–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleton CP, Hartle LK, Popp RL. Relation of transmitral flow velocity patterns to left ventricular diastolic function: new insights from combined hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12:426–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama J, Ray-Sequin PA, Falk RH. Longitudinal myocardial function assessed by tissue velocity, strain and strain rate tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with AL (primary) cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 2003;107:2446–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun JP, Stewart WJ, Yang XS, Donnell RO, Leon AR, Felner JM, Thomas JD, et al. Differentiation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis from other causes of ventricular wall thickening by two-dimensional strain imaging echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2009;103:411–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindqvist P, Olofsson BO, Backman C, Suhr O, Waldenström A. Pulsed tissue Doppler and strain imaging discloses early signs of infiltrative cardiac disease: a study on patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Eur J Echocardiogr 2006;7:22–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama J, Ray-Sequin PA, Davidoff R, Falk RH. Usefulness of pulsed tissue Doppler imaging for evaluating systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in patients with AL (primary) amyloidosis. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:1067-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein AL, Hatle LK, Burstow DJ, Taliercio CP, Seward JB, Kyle RA, Bailey KR, et al. Comprehensive Doppler assessment of right ventricular diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:99–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel AR, Dubrey SW, Mendes LA, Skinner M, Cupples A, Falk RH, Davidoff R. Right ventricular dilation in primary amyloidosis: an independent predictor of survival. Am J Cardiol 1997;80:486–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballo P, Motto A, Corsini F, Orlandini F, Mondillo S. Early improvement in cardiac function detected by Tissue Doppler and strain imaging after melphalan–dexamethasone therapy in a 51-year old subject with severe cardiac amyloidosis. Int J Cardiol 2008;130:278–82
   Google Scholar