Atrial fibrillation in amyloidotic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, incidence, risk factors and prognostic role

References

• Rosenberg MA, Manning WJ. Diastolic dysfunction and risk of atrial fibrillation: a mechanistic appraisal. Circulation 2012;126:2353–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna M. Novel drugs targeting transthyretin amyloidosis. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2014;11:50–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Falk RH, Dubrey S.W. Amyloid Heart disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;52:347–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk RH, Comenzo RL, Skinner M. The systemic amyloidoses. N Engl J Med 1997;337:898–909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A. Amyloidosis: recognition, confirmation, prognosis, and therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 1999;74:490–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy RE, Kasper EK. A review of the amyloidoses that infiltrate the heart. Clin Cardiol 1998;21:547–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbustini E, Verga L, Concardi M, Palladini G, Obici L, Merlini G. Electron and immunoelectron microscopy of abdominal fat identifies and characterizes amyloid fibrils in suspected cardiac amyloidosis. Amyloid 2002;9:108–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson MD, Breall J, Cummings OW, Liepnieks JJ. Biochemical characterisation of amyloid by endomyocardial biopsy. Amyloid 2009;16:9–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapezzi C, Quarta CC, Riva L, Longhi S, Gallelli I, Lorenzini M, Ciliberti P, et al. Transthyretin-related amyloidoses and the heart: a clinical overview. Nat Rev Cardiol 2010;7:398–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth DR, Lachmann HJ, Gillmore JD, Booth SE, Hawkins PN. Misdiagnosis of hereditary amyloidosis as AL (primary) amyloidosis. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1786–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk RH. Diagnosis and management of the cardiac amyloidoses. Circulation 2005;112:2047–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferlini A, Fini S, Salvi F, Patrosso MC, Vezzoni P, Forabosco A. Molecular strategies in genetic diagnosis of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis. FASEB J 1992;6:2864–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle RA, Spittell PC, Gertz MA, Li CY, Edwards WD, Olson LJ, Thibodeau SN. The premortem recognition of systemic senile amyloidosis with cardiac involvement. Am J Med 1996;101:395–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palladini G, Perfetti V, Merlini G. Therapy and management of systemic AL (primary) myloidosis. Swiss Med Wkly 2006;136:715–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng B, Connors LH, Davidoff R, Skinner M, Falk RH. Senile systemic amyloidosis presenting with heart failure: a comparison with light chain associated amyloidosis. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1425–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, Beller GA, Bierman FZ, Davis JL, Douglas PS, et al. American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association; American Society of Echocardiography. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography). Circulation 2003;108:1146–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surawicz B, Knilans TK. Chou's electrocardiography in clinical practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001
   Google Scholar
• Roberts WC, Filardo G, Ko JM, Siegel RJ, Dollar AL, Ross EM, Shirani J. Comparison of total 12-lead QRS voltage in a variety of cardiac conditions and its usefulness in predicting increased cardiac mass. Am J Cardiol 2013;112:904–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, Gottlieb GJ, Campo E, Sachs I, Reichek N. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986;57:450–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia MJ, Thomas JD, Klein AL. New Doppler echocardiographic applications for the study of diastolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:865–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk RH, Rubinow A, Cohen AS. Cardiac arrhythmias in systemic amyloidosis: correlation with echocardiographic abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;3:107–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrey SW, Cha K, Skinner M, LaValley M, Falk RH. Familial and primary (AL) cardiac amyloidosis: echocardiographically similar diseases with distinctly different clinical outcomes. Heart 1997;78:74–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng D, Edwards WD, Oh JK, Chandrasekaran K, Grogan M, Martinez MW, Syed IS, et al. Intracardiac thrombosis and embolism in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 2007;116:2420–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connors LH, Prokaeva T, Lim A, Théberge R, Falk RH, Doros G, Berg A, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis in African Americans: comparison of clinical and laboratory features of transthyretin V122I amyloidosis and immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Am Heart J 2009;158:607–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapezzi C, Merlini G, Quarta CC, Riva L, Longhi S, Leone O, Salvi F, et al. Systemic cardiac amyloidoses: disease profiles and clinical courses of the 3 main types. Circulation 2009;120:1203–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng D, Syed IS, Martinez M, Oh JK, Jaffe AS, Grogan M, Edwards WD, et al. Intracardiac thrombosis and anticoagulation therapy in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 2009;119:2490–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dungu J, Sattianayagam PT, Whelan CJ, Gibbs SD, Pinney JH, Banypersad SM, Rowczenio D, et al. The electrocardiographic features associated with cardiac amyloidosis of variant transthyretin isoleucine 122 type in Afro-Caribbean patients. Am Heart J 2012;164:72–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattianayagam PT, Hahn AF, Whelan CJ, Gibbs SD, Pinney JH, Stangou AJ, Rowczenio D, et al. Cardiac phenotype and clinical outcome of familial amyloid polyneuropathy associated with transthyretin alanine 60 variant. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1120–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinney JH, Whelan CJ, Petrie A, Dungu J, Banypersad SM, Sattianayagam P, Wechalekar A, et al. Senile systemic amyloidosis: clinical features at presentation and outcome. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013. doi:10.1161/JAHA.113.000098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Z, Zhu K, Tian Z, Zhao D, Cui Q, Fang Q. The findings of electrocardiography in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2013;18:157–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granstam SO, Rosengren S, Vedin O, Kero T, Sörensen J, Carlson K, Flachskampf FA, et al. Evaluation of patients with cardiac amyloidosis using echocardiography, ECG and right heart catheterization. Amyloid 2013;20:27–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyrille NB, Goldsmith J, Alvarez J, Maurer MS. Prevalence and prognostic significance of low QRS voltage among the three main types of cardiac amyloidosis. Am J Cardiol 2014;114:1089–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruberg FL, Maurer MS, Judge DP, Zeldenrust S, Skinner M, Kim AY, Falk RH, et al. Prospective evaluation of the morbidity and mortality of wild-type and V122I mutant transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiac Study (TRACS). Am Heart J 2012;164:222–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röcken C, Peters B, Juenemann G, Saeger W, Klein HU, Huth C, Roessner A, et al. Atrial amyloidosis: an arrhythmogenic substrate for persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2002;106:2091–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berghoff M, Kathpal M, Khan F, Skinner M, Falk R, Freeman R. Endothelial dysfunction precedes C-fiber abnormalities in primary (AL) amyloidosis. Ann Neurol 2003;53:725–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deedwania PC, Lardizabal JA. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: a comprehensive review. Am J Med 2010;123:198–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar