Imbalanced estrogen metabolism in the brain: possible relevance to the etiology of Parkinson’s disease

References

• Banger M, Hiemke C, Knuppen R, Ball P, Haupt M, Wiedemann K. (1990). Formation and metabolism of catecholestrogens in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry 28:685–696.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bisaglia M, Mammi S, Bubacco L. (2007). Kinetic and structural analysis of the early oxidation products of dopamine: analysis of the interactions with alpha-synuclein. J Biol Chem 282:15597–15605.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brice A. (2005). Genetics of Parkinson’s disease: LRRK2 on the rise. Brain 128:2760–2762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao K, Stack DE, Ramanathan R, Gross ML, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. (1998). Synthesis and structure elucidation of estrogen quinones conjugated with cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and glutathione. Chem Res Toxicol 11:909–916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalieri E, Chakravarti D, Guttenplan J, Hart E, Ingle J, Jankowiak R, Muti P, Rogan E, Russo J, Santen R, Sutter T. (2006). Catechol estrogen quinones as initiators of breast and other human cancers: implications for biomarkers of susceptibility and cancer prevention. Biochim Biophys Acta 1766:63–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalieri EL, Li KM, Balu N, Saeed M, Devanesan P, Higginbotham S, Zhao J, Gross ML, Rogan EG. (2002). Catechol ortho-quinones: the electrophilic compounds that form depurinating DNA adducts and could initiate cancer and other diseases. Carcinogenesis 23:1071–1077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG. (2010). Depurinating estrogen–DNA adducts in the etiology and prevention of breast and other human cancers. Future Oncol 6:75–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chinta SJ, Andersen JK. (2008). Redox imbalance in Parkinson’s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1362–1367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cookson MR, van der Brug M. (2008). Cell systems and the toxic mechanism(s) of alpha-synuclein. Exp Neurol 209:5–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauer W, Przedborski S. (2003). Parkinson’s disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron 39:889–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deumens R, Blokland A, Prickaerts J. (2002). Modeling Parkinson’s disease in rats: an evaluation of 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. Exp Neurol 175:303–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elswick RK Jr, Schwartz PF, Welsh JA. (1997). Interpretation of the odds ratio from logistic regression after a transformation of the covariate vector. Stat Med 16:1695–1703.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaikwad NW, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. (2007). Evidence from ESI-MS for NQO1-catalyzed reduction of estrogen ortho-quinones. Free Radic Biol Med 43:1289–1298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaikwad NW, Yang L, Muti P, Meza JL, Pruthi S, Ingle JN, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. (2008). The molecular etiology of breast cancer: evidence from biomarkers of risk. Int J Cancer 122:1949–1957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaikwad NW, Yang L, Pruthi S, Ingle JN, Sandhu N, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. (2009a). Urine biomarkers of risk in the molecular etiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 3:1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaikwad NW, Yang L, Weisenburger DD, Vose J, Beseler C, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. (2009b). Urinary biomarkers suggest that estrogen–DNA adducts may play a role in the aetiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Biomarkers 14:502–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaikwad NW, Yang L, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. (2009c). Evidence for NQO2-mediated reduction of the carcinogenic estrogen ortho-quinones. Free Radic Biol Med 46:253–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasser T. (2005). Parkin and its role in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s Dis 129–137.
   Google Scholar
• Gelb DJ, Oliver E, Gilman S. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 56:33–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong B, Leznik E. (2007). The role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 in neurodegenerative disorders. Drug News Perspect 20:365–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada S, Fujii C, Hayashi A, Ohkoshi N. (2001). An association between idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and polymorphisms of phase II detoxification enzymes: glutathione S-transferase M1 and quinone oxidoreductase 1 and 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 288:887–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatcher JM, Pennell KD, Miller GW. (2008). Parkinson’s disease and pesticides: a toxicological perspective. Trends Pharmacol Sci 29:322–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henchcliffe C, Beal MF. (2008). Mitochondrial biology and oxidative stress in Parkinson disease pathogenesis. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 4:600–609.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hnasko TS, Chuhma N, Zhang H, Goh GY, Sulzer D, Palmiter RD, Rayport S, Edwards RH. (2010). Vesicular glutamate transport promotes dopamine storage and glutamate corelease in vivo. Neuron 65:643–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Z, de la Fuente-Fernández R, Stoessl AJ. (2003). Etiology of Parkinson’s disease. Can J Neurol Sci 30 (Suppl 1):S10–S18.
   Google Scholar
• Kitada T, Asakawa S, Hattori N, Matsumine H, Yamamura Y, Minoshima S, Yokochi M, Mizuno Y, Shimizu N. (1998). Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Nature 392:605–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang AE, Lozano AM. (1998). Parkinson’s disease. First of two parts. N Engl J Med 339:1044–1053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroy E, Boyer R, Auburger G, Leube B, Ulm G, Mezey E, Harta G, Brownstein MJ, Jonnalagada S, Chernova T, Dehejia A, Lavedan C, Gasser T, Steinbach PJ, Wilkinson KD, Polymeropoulos MH. (1998). The ubiquitin pathway in Parkinson’s disease. Nature 395:451–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lévay G, Ye Q, Bodell WJ. (1997). Formation of DNA adducts and oxidative base damage by copper mediated oxidation of dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine. Exp Neurol 146:570–574.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li KM, Todorovic R, Devanesan P, Higginbotham S, Köfeler H, Ramanathan R, Gross ML, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. (2004). Metabolism and DNA binding studies of 4-hydroxyestradiol and estradiol-3,4-quinone in vitro and in female ACI rat mammary gland in vivo. Carcinogenesis 25:289–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire-Zeiss KA, Short DW, Federoff HJ. (2005). Synuclein, dopamine and oxidative stress: co-conspirators in Parkinson’s disease? Brain Res Mol Brain Res 134:18–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maries E, Dass B, Collier TJ, Kordower JH, Steece-Collier K. (2003). The role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease: insights from animal models. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:727–738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitamura K, Yatera M, Shimada K. (2000). Studies on neurosteroids. Part XIII. Characterization of catechol estrogens in rat brains using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–mass spectrometry. Analyst 125:811–814.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mizuno Y, Hattori N, Kitada T, Matsumine H, Mori H, Shimura H, Kubo S, Kobayashi H, Asakawa S, Minoshima S, Shimizu N. (2001). Familial Parkinson’s disease. Alpha-synuclein and parkin. Adv Neurol 86:13–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paisán-Ruíz C, Jain S, Evans EW, Gilks WP, Simón J, van der Brug M, López de Munain A, Aparicio S, Gil AM, Khan N, Johnson J, Martinez JR, Nicholl D, Carrera IM, Pena AS, de Silva R, Lees A, Martí-Massó JF, Pérez-Tur J, Wood NW, Singleton AB. (2004). Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson’s disease. Neuron 44:595–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parvizi N, Ellendorff F. (1983). Catecholestrogens in the brain: neuroendocrine integration. J Steroid Biochem 19:615–618.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saeed M, Zahid M, Rogan E, Cavalieri E. (2005). Synthesis of the catechols of natural and synthetic estrogens by using 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) as the oxidizing agent. Steroids 70:173–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shastry BS. (2000). Molecular etiology of Parkinson disease. Recent progress. Neuroscientist 6:234–240.
   Google Scholar
• Stack DE, Byun J, Gross ML, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL. (1996). Molecular characteristics of catechol estrogen quinones in reactions with deoxyribonucleosides. Chem Res Toxicol 9:851–859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steece-Collier K, Maries E, Kordower JH. (2002). Etiology of Parkinson’s disease: genetics and environment revisited. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:13972–13974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner CM. (2003). Is the cause of Parkinson’s disease environmental or hereditary? Evidence from twin studies. Adv Neurol 91:133–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS): status and recommendations. (2003). Mov Disord 18:738–750.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang L, Gaikwad NW, Meza J, Cavalieri EL, Muti P, Trock B, Rogan EG. (2009). Novel biomarkers for risk of prostate cancer: results from a case-control study. Prostate 69:41–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafar KS, Inayat-Hussain SH, Siegel D, Bao A, Shieh B, Ross D. (2006). Overexpression of NQO1 protects human SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells against dopamine-induced cell death. Toxicol Lett 166:261–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahid M, Kohli E, Saeed M, Beseler C, Rogan E, Cavalieri E. (2006). The greater reactivity of estradiol-3,4-quinone vs estradiol-2,3-quinone with DNA in the formation of depurinating adducts: implications for tumor-initiating activity. Chem Res Toxicol 19:164–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahid M, Saeed M, Yang L, Rogan E, Cavalieri EL. (2011). Formation of dopamine quinone-DNA adducts and their potential role in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. IUBMB Life, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Zimprich A, Biskup S, Leitner P, Lichtner P, Farrer M, Lincoln S, Kachergus J, Hulihan M, Uitti RJ, Calne DB, Stoessl AJ, Pfeiffer RF, Patenge N, Carbajal IC, Vieregge P, Asmus F, Müller-Myhsok B, Dickson DW, Meitinger T, Strom TM, Wszolek ZK, Gasser T. (2004). Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology. Neuron 44:601–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar