Immunological signature of the different clinical stages of the HTLV-1 infection: establishing serum biomarkers for HTLV-1-associated disease morbidity

References

• Anderson JA. (1984). Regression and ordered categorical variables. J Roy Stat Soc B Methodol 46:1–30.
   Google Scholar
• Bangham CR, Osame M. (2005). Cellular immune response to HTLV-1. Oncogene 24:6035–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biddison WE, Kubota R, Kawanishi T, et al. (1997). Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-specific CD8+ CTL clones from patients with HTLV-I-associated neurologic disease secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinase. J Immunol 159:2018–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brito-Melo GE, Peruhype-Magalhaes V, Teixeira-Carvalho A, et al. (2001). Cytokine profile and immunomodulation in asymptomatic human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-infected blood donors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 27:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carneiro-Proietti AB, Catalan-Soares B Proietti FA, GIPH (Interdisciplinary HTLV-1/II Research Group). (2002). Human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-I/II) in South America: should it be a public health concern? J Biomed Sci 9:587–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho-dos-Reis JG, Passos L, Duarte MC, et al. (2013). Immunological profile of HTLV-1-infected patients associated with infectious or autoimmune dermatological disorders. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper SA, van der Loeff MS, Taylor GP. (2009). The neurology of HTLV-1 infection. Pract Neurol 9:16–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costa-Silva MF, Gomes LI, Martins-Filho OA, et al. (2014). Gene expression profile of cytokines and chemokines in skin lesions from Brazilian Indians with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. Mol Immunol 57:74–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessain A, Barin F, Vernant JC, et al. (1985). Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 2:407–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goon PK, Hanon E, Igakura T, et al. (2002). High frequencies of Th1-type CD4(+) T cells specific to HTLV-1 Env and Tax proteins in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Blood 99:3335–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goon PK, Igakura T, Hanon E, et al. (2003). High circulating frequencies of tumor necrosis factor alpha- and interleukin-2-secreting human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-specific CD4 + T cells in patients with HTLV-1-associated neurological disease. J Virol 77:9716–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hisada M, Stuver SO, Okayama A, et al. (2004). Persistent paradox of natural history of human T lymphotropic virus type I: parallel analyses of Japanese and Jamaican carriers. J Infect Dis 190:1605–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson S, Shida H, McFarlin DE, et al. (1990). Circulating CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for HTLV-I pX in patients with HTLV-I associated neurological disease. Nature 348:245–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffery KJ, Usuku K, Hall SE, et al. (1999). HLA alleles determine human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) proviral load and the risk of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3848–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota R, Soldan SS, Martin R, Jacobson S. (2002). Selected cytotoxic T lymphocytes with high specificity for HTLV-I in cerebrospinal fluid from a HAM/TSP patient. J Neurovirol 8:53–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Grenade L, Manns A, Fletcher V, et al. (1998). Clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features of human T-lymphotrophic virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in children. Arch Dermatol 134:439–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lal RB, Rudolph DL. (1991). Constitutive production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from spontaneously proliferating T cells in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I/II. Blood 78:571–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunardi-Iskandar Y, Gessain A, Lam VH, Gallo RC. (1993). Abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T cell colony-forming cells in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis/human T lymphocyte virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myeloencephalopathy and healthy HTLV-I carriers. J Exp Med 177:741–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunt M. (2004). Prediction of ordinal outcomes when the association between predictors and outcome differs between outcome levels. Stat Med 24:1357–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mochizuki M, Yamaguchi K, Takatsuki K, et al. (1992). HTLV-I and uveitis. Lancet 339:1110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montanheiro PA, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Smid J, et al. (2009). The elevated interferon gamma production is an important immunological marker in HAM/TSP pathogenesis. Scand J Immunol 70:403–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muniz AL, Rodrigues W Jr, Santos SB, et al. (2006). Association of cytokines, neurological disability, and disease duration in HAM/TSP patients. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 64:217–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa M, Izumo S, Ijichi S, et al. (1995). HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: analysis of 213 patients based on clinical features and laboratory findings. J Neurovirol 1:50–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimento MC, Primo J, Bittencourt A, et al. (2009). Infective dermatitis has similar immunological features to human T lymphotropic virus-type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Clin Exp Immunol 156:455–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimoto N, Yoshizaki K, Eiraku N, et al. (1990). Elevated levels of interleukin-6 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. J Neurol Sci 97:183–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiura Y, Nakamura T, Ichinose K, et al. (1996). Increased production of inflammatory cytokines in cultured CD4+ cells from patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. Tohoku J Exp Med 179:227–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osame M, Janssen R, Kubota H, et al. (1990). Nationwide survey of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy in Japan: association with blood transfusion. Ann Neurol 28:50–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osame M, Usuku K, Izumo S, et al. (1986). HTLV-I associated myelopathy, a new clinical entity. Lancet 1:1031–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peruhype-Magalhaes V, Martins-Filho OA, Prata A, et al. (2006). Mixed inflammatory/regulatory cytokine profile marked by simultaneous raise of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 and low frequency of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(+) monocytes are hallmarks of active human visceral Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania chagasi infection. Clin Exp Immunol 146:124–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, et al. (1980). Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:7415–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primo JR, Brites C, Oliveira MF, et al. (2005). Infective dermatitis and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in childhood and adolescence. Clin Infect Dis 41:535–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proietti FA, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Catalan-Soares BC, Murphy EL. (2005). Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases. Oncogene 24:6058–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, et al. (2003). Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res 13:2498–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibon D, Gabet AS, Zandecki M, et al. (2006). HTLV-1 propels untransformed CD4 lymphocytes into the cell cycle while protecting CD8 cells from death. J Clin Invest 116:974–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starling AL, Martins-Filho OA, Lambertucci JR, et al. (2013). Proviral load and the balance of serum cytokines in HTLV-1-asymptomatic infection and in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Acta Trop 125:75–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajima K. (1990). The 4th nation-wide study of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan: estimates of risk of ATL and its geographical and clinical features. The T- and B-cell Malignancy Study Group. Int J Cancer 45:237–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor R. (1990). Interpretation of the correlation coefficient: a basic review. JDMS 1:35–9.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor GP. (1998). Pathogenesis and treatment of HTLV-I associated myelopathy. Sex Transm Infect 74:316–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor GP, Matsuoka M. (2005). Natural history of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and approaches to therapy. Oncogene 24:6047–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trindade BC, Sorgi CA, Nicolete LD, et al. (2012). Leukotrienes are upregulated and associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated neuroinflammatory disease. PLoS One 7:e51873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umeki K, Hisada M, Maloney EM, et al. (2009). Proviral loads and clonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected cells following vertical transmission: a 10-year follow-up of children in Jamaica. Intervirology 52:115–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zane L, Sibon D, Mortreux F, Wattel E. (2009). Clonal expansion of HTLV-1 infected cells depends on the CD4 versus CD8 phenotype. Front Biosci 14:3935–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar