Male hormonal contraception: Where do we stand?

REFERENCES

• Glasier A. Acceptability of contraception for men: A review. Contraception 2010;82:453–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasier AF, Anakwe R, Everington D, . Would women trust their partners to use a male pill? Hum Reprod 2000;15:646–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin CW, Anderson RA, Cheng L, . Potential impact of hormonal male contraception: Cross-cultural implications for development of novel preparations. Hum Reprod 2000;15:637–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieschlag E. Male hormonal contraception: Love's labour's lost? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94: 1890–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehiri JE, Birley M. Environmental impact of contraceptive use: An overview of available evidence. Environ Management Health 2009;13:55–65.
   Google Scholar
• Liu PY, McLachlan RI. Male hormonal contraception: So near and yet so far. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93: 2474–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman A. The long wait for male birth control. Time Magazine Online. 2008. Accessed 28 May 2011 from: http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1829107,00.html
   Google Scholar
• Mahmoud A, T'Sjoen G. Male contraception. In Bjorndahl L, Giwercman A, Tournaye H and Weidner W, eds. Clinical andrology: EAU/ESAU course guidelines. Essex, UK: Informa Healthcare 2010:159–63.
   Google Scholar
• Amann RP. The cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in humans: A need to revisit? J Androl 2008;29:469–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Kretser DM, Loveland KL, Meinhardt A, . Spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod 1998;13(Suppl. 1):1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee NP, Wong EW, Mruk DD, . Testicular cell junction: A novel target for male contraception. Curr Med Chem 2009;16:906–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comhaire FH. Male contraception: Hormonal, mechanical and other. Hum Reprod 1994;9(Suppl. 2):22–7.
   Google Scholar
• Weinbauer GF, Wessels J. ‘Paracrine’ control of spermatogenesis. Andrologia 1999;31:249–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coviello AD, Bremner WJ, Matsumoto AM, . Intratesticular testosterone concentrations comparable with serum levels are not sufficient to maintain normal sperm production in men receiving a hormonal contraceptive regimen. J Androl 2004;25:931–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales C, Clermont Y. Structural changes of the Sertoli cell during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. In Russel LD and Griswold MD, eds. The Sertoli cell. Clearwater, FL: Cache River Press 1993:305–30.
   Google Scholar
• Parvinen M. Cyclic function of Sertoli cells. In Russel LD and Griswold MD, eds. The Sertoli cell. Clearwater, FL : Cache River Press 1993:331–47.
   Google Scholar
• McLachlan RI. The endocrine control of spermatogenesis. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 14:345–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieschlag E, Simoni M, Gromoll J, . Role of FSH in the regulation of spermatogenesis: Clinical aspects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999;51:139–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxynos C, Wu FC. Male hormonal contraception. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;14:473–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenk M, Nieschlag E. Male contraception: A realistic option? Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2006;11: 69–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaltonen P, Amory JK, Anderson RA, . 10th Summit Meeting consensus: Recommendations for regulatory approval for hormonal male contraception. J Androl 2007;28:362–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handelsman DJ, Waites GM. Hormonal male contraception. In Schill WB, Comhaire F and Hargreave T, eds. Andrology for the clinician. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag 2006:520–4.
   Google Scholar
• Turner L, Conway AJ, Jimenez M, . Contraceptive efficacy of a depot progestin and androgen combination in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4659–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu YQ, Tong JS, Ma DZ, . Male hormonal contraception: Effects of injections of testosterone undecanoate and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate at eight-week intervals in Chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2254–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu Y, Liang X, Wu W, . Multicenter contraceptive efficacy trial of injectable testosterone undecanoate in Chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:1910–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mommers E, Kersemaekers WM, Elliesen J, . Male hormonal contraception: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93: 2572–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieschlag E. Clinical trials in male hormonal contraception. Contraception 2010;82:457–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng CY, Mruk DD. New frontiers in nonhormonal male contraception. Contraception 2010;82:476–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Christenson PD, . Rate, extent, and modifiers of spermatogenic recovery after hormonal male contraception: An integrated analysis. Lancet 2006;367:1412–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLachlan RI, O'Donnell L, Stanton PG, . Effects of testosterone plus medroxyprogesterone acetate on semen quality, reproductive hormones, and germ cell populations in normal young men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:546–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson RA, Wallace AM, Wu FC. Comparison between testosterone enanthate-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. III. Higher 5 alpha-reductase activity in oligozoospermic men administered supraphysiological doses of testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:902–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amory JK, Page ST, Anawalt BD, . Elevated end-of-treatment serum INSL3 is associated with failure to completely suppress spermatogenesis in men receiving male hormonal contraception. J Androl 2007;28:548–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JW, Gu YQ. Predictors for partial suppression of spermatogenesis of hormonal male contraception. Asian J Androl 2008;10:723–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson RA, Wu FC. Comparison between testosterone enanthate-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. II. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once weekly administration of testosterone enanthate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:896–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michielsen D, Beerthuizen R. State-of-the art of non-hormonal methods of contraception: VI. Male sterilisation. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2010;15: 136–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinai I. Re: Better than nothing or savvy risk-reduction practice: The importance of withdrawal. Contraception 2010;82:391–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones RK, Fennell J, Higgins JA, . Better than nothing or savvy risk-reduction practice? The importance of withdrawal. Contraception 2009;79:407–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handelsman DJ, Waites GM. Problem: Male contraception. Traditional methods. In Schill WB, Comhaire F and Hargreave T, eds. Andrology for the clinician. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York : Springer-Verlag 2006:122–4.
   Google Scholar
• Gabbay MB, Thomas J, Gibbs A, . A randomized crossover trial of the impact of additional spermicide on condom failure rates. Sex Transm Dis 2008;35:862–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikinheimo O, Lahteenmaki P. Contraception and HIV infection in women. Hum Reprod Update 2009;15:165–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller S, Davis K. Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;CD003255.
   Google Scholar
• Mruk DD. New perspectives in non-hormonal male contraception. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2008;19:57–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page ST, Amory JK, Bremner WJ. Advances in male contraception. Endocr Rev 2008;29:465–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Swerdloff RS. Hormonal approaches to male contraception. Curr Opin Urol 2010; 20:520–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar