395
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

The effect of circulating estradiol concentrations on gonadotropin secretion in young and old castrated male-to-female transsexuals

, &
Pages 155-161 | Received 30 Jun 2010, Accepted 17 Jul 2010, Published online: 09 Sep 2010

References

  • Zumoff B, Strain GW, Kream J, O'Connor J, Rosenfeld RS, Levin J, Fukushima DK. Age variation of the 24-hour mean plasma concentrations of androgens, estrogens, and gonadotropins in normal adult men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982;54:534–538.
  • Davidson JM, Chen JJ, Crapo L, Gray G.D, Greenleaf WJ, Catania JA. Hormonal changes and sexual function in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;57:71–77.
  • Moroz EV, Verkhratsky NS. Hypophyseal–gonadal system during male aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1985;4:13–19.
  • Kaufman JM, Vermeulen A. Declining gonadal function in elderly men. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;11:289–309.
  • Morley JE, Kaiser FE, Perry HM, Patrick P, Morley PM, Stauber PM, Vellas B, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ. Longitudinal changes in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in healthy older men. Metabolism 1997;46:410–413.
  • Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:724–731.
  • Feldman HA, Longcope C, Derby CA, Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Coviello AD, Bremmer WJ, McKinlay JB. Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:589–598.
  • Baker HW, Burger HG, de Kretser DM, Hudson B, O'Connor S, Wang C, Mirovics A, Court J, Dunlop M, Rennie GC. Changes in the pituitary-testicular system with age. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1976;5:349–372.
  • Tsitouras PD, Bulat T. The aging male reproductive system. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1995;24:297–315.
  • Kaufman JM, Vermeulen A. The decline of androgen levels in elderly men and its clinical and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev 2005;26:833–876.
  • Wu FC, Tajar A, Pye SR, Silman AJ, Finn JD, O'Neil TW, Bartfai G, Casanueva F, Forti G, Giwercman A, et al Hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis disruptions in older men are differentially linked to age and modifiable risk factors: the European Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:2737–2745.
  • Veldhuis JD. Aging and hormones of the hypothalamo–pituitary axis: gonadotropic axis in men and somatotropic axes in men and women. Ageing Res Rev 2008;7:189–208.
  • Longcope C. The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on plasma steroid levels in young and old men. Steroids 1973;21:583–592.
  • Rubens R, Dhont M, Vermeulen A. Further studies on Leydig cell function in old age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974;39:40–45.
  • Harman SM, Tsitouras PD. Reproductive hormones in aging men. I. Measurement of sex steroids, basal luteinizing hormone, and Leydig cell response to human chorionic gonadotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:35–40.
  • Mulligan T, Iranmanesh A, Kerzner R, Demers LW, Veldhuis JD. Two-week pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone infusion unmasks dual (hypothalamic and Leydig cell) defects in the healthy aging male gonadotropic axis. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;141:257–266.
  • Mulligan T, Iranmanesh A, Veldhuis JD. Pulsatile iv infusion of recombinant human LH in leuprolide-suppressed men unmasks impoverished Leydig-cell secretory responsiveness to midphysiological LH drive in the aging male. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5547–5553.
  • Deslypere JP, Kaufman JM, Vermeulen T, Vogelaers D, Vandalem JL, Vermeulen A. Influence of age on pulsatile luteinizing hormone release and responsiveness of the gonadotrophs to sex hormone feedback in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:68–73.
  • Liu PY, Iranmanesh A, Nehra AX, Keenan DM, Veldhuis JD. Mechanisms of hypoandrogenemia in healthy aging men. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2005;34:935–55, ix.
  • Mulligan T, Iranmanesh A, Johnson ML, Straume M, Veldhuis JD. Aging alters feed-forward and feedback linkages between LH and testosterone in healthy men. Am J Physiol 1997;273:R1407–R1413.
  • Winters SJ, Sherins RJ, Troen P. The gonadotropin-suppressive activity of androgen is increased in elderly men. Metabolism 1984;33:1052–1059.
  • Winters SJ, Atkinson L. Serum LH concentrations in hypogonadal men during transdermal testosterone replacement through scrotal skin: further evidence that ageing enhances testosterone negative feedback. The Testoderm Study Group. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997;47:317–322.
  • Winters SJ, Wang C. LH, non-SHBG testostrone and estradiol levels during testosterone replacement of hypogonadal men: further evidence that steroid negative feedback increases as men grow older. J Androl 2009 Dec 3. http://www.andrologyjournal.org/cgi/rapidpdf/jandrol.109.009035v1. Last accessed May 2010.
  • Raven G, de Jong FH, Kaufman JM, de Ronde W. In men, peripheral estradiol levels directly reflect the action of estrogens at the hypothalamo-pituitary level to inhibit gonadotropin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:3324–3328.
  • Sherins RJ, Loriaux DL. Studies of the role of sex steroids in the feedback control of FSH concentrations in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973;36:886–893.
  • Marynick SP, Loriaux DL, Sherins RJ, Pita JC Jr, Lipsett MB. Evidence that testosterone can suppress pituitary gonadotropin secretion independently of peripheral aromatization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979;49:396–398.
  • Winters SJ, Troen P. Evidence for a role of endogenous estrogen in the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;61:842–845.
  • Morishima A, Grumbach MM, Simpson ER, Fisher C, Qin K. Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:3689–3698.
  • Hayes FJ, Seminara SB, Decruz S, Boepple PA, Crowley WF Jr. Aromatase inhibition in the human male reveals a hypothalamic site of estrogen feedback. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3027–3035.
  • Sodergard R, Backstrom T, Shanbhag V, Carstensen H. Calculation of free and bound fractions of testosterone and estradiol-17 β to human plasma proteins at body temperature. J Steroid Biochem 1982;16:801–810.
  • Kaufman JM, Giri M, Deslypere JM, Thomas G, Vermeulen A. Influence of age on the responsiveness of the gonadotrophs to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:1255–1260.
  • Zwart AD, Urban RJ, Odell WD, Veldhuis JD. Contrasts in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone dose-response relationships for luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and α-subunit release in young versus older men: appraisal with high-specificity immunoradiometric assay and deconvolution analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:399–406.
  • Pincus SM, Mulligan T, Iranmanesh A, Gheorghiu S, Godschalk M, Veldhuis JD. Older males secrete luteinizing hormone and testosterone more irregularly, and jointly more asynchronously, than younger males. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:14100–14105.
  • Pincus SM, Veldhuis JD, Mulligan T, Iranmanesh A, Evans WS. Effects of age on the irregularity of LH and FSH serum concentrations in women and men. Am J Physiol 1997;273:E989–E995.
  • Stewart-Bentley M, Odell W, Horton R. The feedback control of luteinizing hormone in normal adult men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974;38:545–553.
  • Winters SJ, Janick JJ, Loriaux DL, Sherins RJ. Studies on the role of sex steroids in the feedback control of gonadotropin concentrations in men. II. Use of the estrogen antagonist, clomiphene citrate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979;48:222–227.
  • T'Sjoen GG., Giagulli VA, Delva H, Crabbe P, De Bacquer D, Kaufman JM. Comparative assessment in young and elderly men of the gonadotropin response to aromatase inhibition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:5717–5722.
  • Gooren L. The neuroendocrine response of luteinizing hormone to estrogen administration in the human is not sex specific but dependent on the hormonal environment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;63:589–593.
  • Wortsman J, Hamidinia A, Winters SJ. Hypogonadism following long-term treatment with diethylstilbestrol. Am J Med Sci 1989;297:365–368.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.