References
- Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2013. Available from: http://www.goldcopd.org/uploads/users/files/GOLD_Report_2013_Feb20.pdf [last accessed 5 Dec 2013]
- Szanto O, Montnemery P, Elmstahl S. Prevalence of airway obstruction in the elderly: results from a cross-sectional spirometric study of nine age cohorts between the ages of 60 and 93 years. Prim Care Respir J 2010;19:231–6
- Yende S, Newman AB, Sin D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Tinetti ME, et al. eds. Hazzard’s geriatric medicine and gerontology. 6th ed. New York: McGraw Hill;2009:987–1002
- Marinho V, Laks J, Coutinho ES, Blay SL. Review tobacco use among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cad Saude Publica 2010;26:2213–33
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189–98
- American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:1107–36
- The Swedish National Healthprogram for COPD. Available from: http://www.slmf.se/kol (in Swedish) [last accessed 5 Dec 2013]
- Hardie JA, Buist AS, Vollmer WM, et al. Risk of over-diagnosis of COPD in asymptomatic elderly non-smokers. Eur Respir J 2002;20:1117–22
- Runarsdottir SB, Gudmundsson G, Aspelund T, et al. Prevalence of airflow obstruction in nonsmoking older individuals using different spirometric criteria: the AGES Reykjavik study. COPD 2013;10:493–9
- Olofson J, Bake B, Tengelin MN, Houltz B. COPD 'diagnosis' based on spirometric reference equations. Clin Respir J 2008;2:214–19
- Hansen JE, Sun XG, Wasserman K. Spirometric criteria for airway obstruction: use percentage of FEV1/FVC ratio below the fifth percentile, not < 70%. Chest 2007;131:349–55
- Lugo A, La Vecchia C, Boccia S, et al. Patterns of smoking prevalence among the elderly in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013;10:4418–31
- Linardakis M, Smpokos E, Papadaki A, et al. Prevalence of multiple behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in adults aged 50+, from eleven European countries – the SHARE study (2004). Prev Med 2013;57:168–72
- Kim SK, Park JH, Lee JJ, et al. Smoking in elderly Koreans: prevalence and factors associated with smoking cessation. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013;56:214–19
- Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004;328:1519–1528
- WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011. Warning about the dangers of tobacco. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789240687813_eng.pdf [last accessed 13 Sep 2013]
- WHO global report: mortality attributable to tobacco, 2012. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2012/9789241564434_eng.pdf [last accessed 13 Sep 2013]
- Peto R, Lopez A, Boreham J, Thun M. Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950−2000. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: CTSU; 2006. Available from: http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/deathsfromsmoking/ [last accessed 13 Sep 2013]
- Gellert C, Schottker B, Brenner H. Smoking and all-cause mortality in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:837–44
- Burns DM. Cigarette smoking among the elderly: disease consequences and the benefits of cessation. Am J Health Promot 2000;14:357–61
- Husten CG, Shelton DM, Chrismon JH, et al. Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among older adults: United States, 1965–94. Tob Control 1997;6:175–80
- Lam TH, Li ZB, Ho SY, et al. Smoking, quitting and mortality in an elderly cohort of 56,000 Hong Kong Chinese. Tob Control 2007;16:182–9
- Marinho V, Laks J, Coutinho ES, Blay SL. Tobacco use among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cad Saude Publica 2010;26:2213–33